scholarly journals Students’ Personality Contributes More to Academic Performance than Well-Being and Learning Approach—Implications for Sustainable Development and Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1132-1149
Author(s):  
Paulo Moreira ◽  
Susana Pedras ◽  
Paula Pombo
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deep Approach To Learning

The present study aimed to describe the predictive role of personality dimensions, learning approaches, and well-being in the academic performance of students. In total, 602 students participated in this cross-sectional study and completed a set of questionnaires assessing personality, learning approach, and well-being. Two indexes were calculated to assess affective and non-affective well-being. The results partially support the hypotheses formulated. Results revealed that personality temperament and character dimensions, deep learning approach, and affective well-being were significant predictors of academic performance. A deep approach to learning was a full and partial mediator of the relationship between personality and academic performance. The results improve the understanding of the differential contribution of personality, type of learning approach, and type of well-being to academic performance. Comprehending that personality is the strongest predictor of academic performance, after controlling the type of learning approach and the type of well-being, informs school policies and decision-makers that it is essential to encourage personality development in adolescents to improve academic performance. These results also have implications for educational policies and practices at various levels, including an emphasis on the role of well-being as an educational asset. Understanding the links between personality, well-being, and education is essential to conceptualize education as a vital societal resource for facing current and future challenges, such as sustainable development.

scholarly journals Relationship between Learning Approaches and Academic Performance of Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Kermanshah, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Narges Ziaei ◽  
Marzie Shaveisi ◽  
Maryam Janatolmakan ◽  
Roya Safari Bahramani ◽  
Alireza Khatony
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Dental Student ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Significant Difference

Background. Learning approaches are a set of skills and strategies used by learners to organize and recall the content. Teachers can adopt appropriate teaching methods if they know the students’ learning approaches. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between learning approaches and academic performance of dental student. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 128 dental students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences were recruited by the stratified random sampling method. The data collection tools were a demographic information form and Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST). To determine academic performance, the grade point average (GPA) of the previous semester was used, and students with GPA scores ≤14.99 and ≥ 15 were divided into weak and strong groups, respectively. Data were analyzed by SPSS 17 software using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results. The most common learning approach in most strong (n = 49, 45.4%) and weak (n = 12, 60%) students was the superficial approach. The results of the chi-square test did not show a statistically significant difference between strong and weak students in terms of the learning approach. Conclusion. The results did not show a statistically significant relationship between students’ learning approach and their academic performance. However, since the superficial approach can lead to a decline in academic performance, the professors need to take the necessary intervention measures to improve students’ learning approaches. Further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to shed more light on this research domain.

scholarly journals Evaluation of midwifery students’ learning approaches to the compulsory biochemistry course

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Funda Kosova ◽  
Nurcan Çelik ◽  
Hanife Nurseven Şimşek ◽  
Seval Cambaz Ulaş
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Deep Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Motivation For Learning ◽  
Package Program ◽  
Research Population

AbstractObjectivesLearning approach in a certain learning process is based on the student’s intentions, behaviors, and habits according to his/her perceptions of the task of learning and determines the amount and quality of learning. The objective of this study is to evaluate the learning approaches of 1st and 4th grade midwifery students to biochemistry course and the change, if there is any, through their education.MethodsThis is an observational, cross-sectional study. The research population consisted of the voluntary students (86.47%, n:147) of the 2017–2018 season of the 1st and 4th class of Manisa Celal Bayar University, Health Science Faculty, Midwifery Department (n:170). Data were collected by using the “Introductory Information Form” and the “Learning Approach Scale”, and evaluated in the SPSS package program by performing number, percentile, mean, standard deviation, independent t test.ResultsThe mean age of the students was 20.82 ± 1.81. Over 95% of the students stated that biochemistry lesson was necessary, while 59.9% reported that their biochemistry knowledge was insufficient. Over 87% of the student expressed their belief that the content of the biochemistry classes will help them in their professional career. Mean score of deep approach for Learning Approach Scale was 34.13 ± 6.07 (Min:19.00–Max:50.00), and mean score of superficial approach for Learning Approach Scale was 26.94 ± 6.37 (Min:15.00–Max:50.00). There was a significant relation between deep approach scale score and the perception of high importance of biochemistry in the professional life (p<0.05).ConclusionsMidwifery students, who believe that biochemistry is necessary for their professional career have a higher motivation for learning biochemistry, thus perform a deeper approach to learning. In general, creating effective and dynamic educational environments that support deep learning is necessary for enhancing the learning of biochemistry.

scholarly journals The mediating role of narcissism in the effects of regulatory mode on positivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Di Santo ◽  
Calogero Lo Destro ◽  
Conrad Baldner ◽  
Alessandra Talamo ◽  
Cristina Cabras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Motivational Orientation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Regulatory Mode ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Reported Data

AbstractPositivity (i.e., the individual tendency to positively approach life experiences) has proven to be an effective construct applied in positive psychology. However, individuals’ self-regulation may have contrasting effects on positivity. We specifically examined whether positivity could be partially explained through two aspects of motivation concerned with self-regulation: locomotion (i.e., a motivational orientation concerned with movement) and assessment (i.e., a motivational orientation concerned with comparison and evaluation). Furthermore, based on previous literature that found a link between these aspects and narcissism, we examined whether “adaptive” and “maladaptive” dimensions of narcissism could mediate the effects of locomotion and assessment on increased or decreased positivity. Narcissism was defined by previous research as adaptive or maladaptive insofar as it leads or does not lead to increased psychological well-being. We estimated a mediation model with multiple independent variables and multiple mediators in a cross-sectional study with self-reported data from 190 university students. We found that both locomotion and assessment were associated with adaptive narcissism, which in turn was positively associated with positivity. However, assessment was also associated with maladaptive narcissism, which in turn was negatively associated with positivity. Relationships between aspects of self-regulation, narcissism, and positivity can have significant implications which will be discussed.

scholarly journals LOCKDOWN FATIGUE AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: PREDICTIVE ROLE OF PERSONAL RESILIENCE, COPING BEHAVIOURS, AND HEALTH

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leodoro J. Labrague ◽  
Cherry Ann Ballad
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
College Students ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Personal Resilience ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Coping Behaviours

AbstractBackgroundThe lockdown measures imposed by many countries since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic have been useful in slowing the transmission of the disease; however, there is growing concern regarding their adverse consequences on overall health and well-being, particularly among young people. To date, most studies have focused on the mental health consequences of the lockdown measures, while studies assessing how this disease control measure influences the occurrence of fatigue are largely absent.AimThe aims of this study are two-fold: (a) to examine the levels of lockdown fatigue, and (2) to determine the role of coping behaviours, personal resilience, psychological well-being and perceived health in fatigue associated to the lockdown measure.MethodsThis is an online cross-sectional study involving 243 college students in the Central Philippines during the sixth month of the lockdown measure implemented due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Five standardised scales were used to collect the data.ResultsOverall, college students reported moderate levels of lockdown fatigue, with a mean score of 31.54 (out of 50). Physical exhaustion or tiredness, headaches and body pain, decreased motivation and increased worry were the most pronounced manifestations of fatigue reported. Gender and college year were identified as important predictors of fatigue. Increased personal resilience and coping skills were associated with lower levels of lockdown fatigue.ConclusionCollege students experience moderate levels of fatigue during the mandatory lockdown or home confinement period. Resilient students and those who perceive higher social support experience lower levels of fatigue during the lockdown period compared to students with low resilience and social support. Lockdown fatigue may be addressed by formulating and implementing interventions to enhance personal resilience and social support among college students.

scholarly journals Predictors of Mental Health in Adolescence: The Role of Personality, Dispositional Optimism, and Social Support

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402091796
Author(s):  
Iva Burešová ◽  
Martin Jelínek ◽  
Jaroslava Dosedlová ◽  
Helena Klimusová
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Dispositional Optimism ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Orientation Test

In line with the current psychological approach to health in general, mental health is perceived not only as the absence of psychopathological disorders, but also the presence of well-being. The study contributes to the identification of possible sources affecting mental health in adolescence. This cross-sectional study focuses on the role of personality traits, dispositional optimism, and perceived social support in predicting mental health in adolescence. Mental health was assessed using Mental Health Continuum, personality traits using Big Five Inventory, dispositional optimism using Life Orientation Test—Revised and social support by Close Relationships and Social Support Scale. The research sample consisted of 1,239 respondents aged 12 to 19 years (mean age 15.56 years), 54.3% females and 45.7 % males. Sequential regression analysis revealed that demographic variables and personality characteristics together explained 33.5% of mental health variance, the strongest predictors being extraversion and neuroticism. Including dispositional optimism and perceived social support resulted in a significant increase of the explained variance. All predictors together explained 46.0% of the mental health variance.

scholarly journals Reported Growth Following Mountaineering Expeditions: The Role of Personality and Perceived Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 933-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Smith ◽  
F. Kinnafick ◽  
S. J. Cooley ◽  
G. M. Sandal
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Impact

Results from previous studies suggest that stressful environmental conditions such as those faced on expedition may result in psychological growth. Building on previous research, the present cross-sectional study examined the role of personality and perceived stress in relation to post-expedition growth. Eighty-three participants who had completed a mountaineering expedition responded to measures of stress, personality, growth, well-being, and resilience. Findings implicate perceived stress, and personality dimensions of agreeableness and openness, in post-expedition growth. Growth was associated with well-being but distinct from psychological resilience, highlighting the need to consider growth and resilience independently. Present findings support the proposition that stressful expedition environments may promote positive psychological adjustment and identify factors that may influence this change. Research is needed to delineate the impact of other variables, such as coping, on changes that occurs during the post-expedition phase. Such research holds relevance for maintaining health following immersion in extreme and unusual environments.

scholarly journals A szégyen mediációs szerepe a stigma és az életminőség kapcsolatában coeliakiában szenvedő betegek körében.

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (49) ◽  
pp. 1968-1976
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Mediating Role

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A coeliakia és a kapcsolódó terhek befolyásolják az érintettek életminőségét. A krónikus betegségekkel járó stigmatizáció hozzájárul a fizikai tünetek és a lelki panaszok fokozódásához, valamint az egészségmagatartás csökkenéséhez. Mindez szükségessé teszi a krónikus megbetegedések kapcsán a stigmatizáció felismerését, felmérését és kezelését. Célkitűzések: Fő célunk a 8 tételes Stigmatizáció Krónikus Betegségekben Kérdőív (SSCI-8) magyar adaptációja és pszichometriai vizsgálata volt coeliakiások körében. További célunk volt megvizsgálni a szégyen közvetítő szerepét a stigmatizáció és a jóllét között. Módszerek: A kutatás önbeszámolós, online kérdőíves, keresztmetszeti vizsgálatként zajlott (n = 85, átlagéletkor: 37,64, 91,8% nő). Az SSCI-8 mellett felvételre kerültek a szégyenélményt, a coeliakiás életminőséget, a jóllétet mérő kérdőívek. A kutatási célok tesztelése megerősítő faktorelemzéssel, korrelációs és mediációs elemzésekkel történt. Eredmények: Az SSCI-8 faktorelemzése során az egydimenziós modell megfelelő illeszkedést mutatott magas belső konzisztenciaértékek mellett. A mediációs modellek szerint a magasabb stigmatizáció a magasabb szégyenélményen keresztül járulhat hozzá a pszichés jóllét (coeliakiás életminőség, jóllét) csökkenéséhez. Megbeszélés: Az SSCI-8 rövid, átfogó kérdőívként megbízhatóan és érvényesen mérte a krónikus betegségben tapasztalt stigmatizációt a jelen coeliakiás mintán. Eredményeink alátámasztják, hogy a stigmatizáció és a szégyen fontos szerepet tölt be a jóllét csökkenésében. Következtetés: A nemzetközileg széles körben alkalmazott SSCI-8 adaptálására került sor, mely hazai kutatásokban és az egészségügyi ellátásban is hasznos mérőeszköz lehet. Az eredmények rávilágítanak, hogy a stigmatizáció és a szégyenélmény további kutatása szükséges, különösen a hatékony pszichoszociális intervenciók kifejlesztését megcélozva. Hatékony pszichológiai segítség révén a szégyen és a stigmatizáltság mérséklésével javulhat a coeliakiával élők fizikai és lelki állapota, ami a gluténmentes diéta betartása révén hozzájárulhat a betegség okozta tünetek és szövődmények mérsékléséhez. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(49): 1968–1976. Summary. Introduction: Coeliac disease can detrimentally affect well-being. Stigmatization related to a chronic disease can enhance physical and psychological symptoms and negatively influence health behaviour, hence, stigma in chronic diseases needs to be addressed. Objectives: Our main goal was to psychometrically evaluate the Hungarian adaptation of the Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness-8 (SSCI-8). Further aim was to examine the mediating role of shame on the relationship between stigmatization and well-being aspects among individuals with coeliac disease. Methods: This cross-sectional study collected data using online questionnaires based on self-reports (n = 85, mean age: 37.64 years, 91.8% women). Instruments assessed levels of stigmatization, shame experience, quality of life in coeliac disease and well-being. Confirmatory factor, correlation and mediation analyses were used. Results: Factor analysis showed adequate fit for a unidimensional model with high internal consistency. Mediation models showed that higher levels of stigmatization can contribute to decreased levels of quality of life in coeliac disease and well-being via increased levels of shame. Discussion: The SSCI-8 is a short, valid, reliable instrument measuring stigmatization in the current sample of people with coeliac disease. The results highlight the role of stigma and shame in the decrease of well-being. Conclusion: The adapted version of the SSCI-8 can be a useful tool in Hungarian research and healthcare. The results suggest that stigmatization and shame need further attention to develop effective intervention which can reduce their effect and enhance adherence to gluten-free diet and improve physical and psychological well-being. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(49): 1968–1976.

scholarly journals The Protective Role of Character Strengths in COVID-19 Stress and Well-Being in Individuals With Chronic Conditions and Disabilities: An Exploratory Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Emre Umucu ◽  
Timothy N. Tansey ◽  
Jessica Brooks ◽  
Beatrice Lee
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Character Strengths ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
Related Stress

Individuals with chronic conditions and disabilities, in response to stress associated with COVID-19, may experience a decrease in their overall well-being beyond that experienced by otherwise healthy individuals. Therefore, it is imperative to identify internal resources (e.g., character strengths) that can help them better manage COVID-19-related stress and enhance well-being in spite of COVID-19. This study explored the potential protective role of character strengths and virtues in moderating the negative effects of COVID-19 on stress and well-being. A cross-sectional study design was implemented. Participants included 269 individuals with self-reported chronic conditions and disabilities. After controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics, we examined whether character strengths and virtues acted as independent moderators between COVID-19-related stress and well-being. A higher degree of multiple character strengths significantly and independently moderated the relationship between COVID-19-related stress and well-being. Findings suggested the importance of promoting more character strengths overall in people with chronic conditions and disabilities to help them better manage COVID-19-related stress and enhance well-being.

Participants with chronic pain do not perceive diet as a contributing factor to their pain: a survey-based study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-204
Author(s):  
Rowena J Field ◽  
Fereshteh Pourkazemi ◽  
Kieron B Rooney
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pain Experience ◽  
Habitual Diet

Aim: To explore the reported diet of Australians with chronic pain and their perceived role of food within their pain experience. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 50 participants reporting chronic pain was undertaken using pain and nutritional questionnaires as well as anthropometric measures. Results: Participants rated their diet between ‘good’ and ‘excellent' (76%) and one that promoted well-being (62%), however 74% were overweight or obese (average BMI 30) with multiple co-morbidities. There was no correlation between measures of dietary adherence and knowledge with reported pain. Conclusion: Participants generally reported their diets to be good, however, this was not reflected in their habitual diet. There was a low perceived role of food altering pain perception.

Prayer and Subjective Well-Being: The Moderating Role of Religious Support

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukkyung You ◽  
Ji Eun Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Religious Support ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Potential Moderator

We examined the associations of different types of prayer with subjective well-being—with a religious support as a potential moderator—in a sample of Korean adults. In a cross-sectional study, 468 participants completed measures of five prayer types (adoration, confession, thanksgiving, supplication, and reception prayer), subjective well-being, and religious support. After controlling for background variables, the thanksgiving prayers had positive associations and supplication prayers had negative associations with subjective well-being. In examining the potential moderating role of religious support, the current findings showed that religious support strengthened the relationship between reception prayer and subjective well-being, especially among individuals who perceived moderate and high levels of religious support. These findings indicate differential associations between prayer type and well-being in Korean adults.

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