scholarly journals Uniform Magnetic Field Characteristics Based UHF RFID Tag for Internet of Things Applications

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 1603
Author(s):  
Abubakar Sharif ◽  
Yi Yan ◽  
Jun Ouyang ◽  
Hassan Tariq Chattha ◽  
Kamran Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Uniform Magnetic Field ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Logarithmic Spiral ◽  
Uhf Rfid ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Reader Antenna

This paper presents a novel inkjet-printed near-field ultra-high-frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) tag/sensor design with uniform magnetic field characteristics. The proposed tag is designed using the theory of characteristics mode (TCM). Moreover, the uniformity of current and magnetic field performance is achieved by further optimizing the design using particle swarm optimization (PSO). Compared to traditional electrically small near-field tags, this tag uses the logarithmic spiral as the radiating structure. The benefit of the logarithmic spiral structure lies in its magnetic field receiving area that can be extended to reach a higher reading distance. The combination of TCM and PSO is used to get the uniform magnetic field and desired resonant frequency. Moreover, the PSO was exploited to get a uniform magnetic field in the horizontal plane of the normal phase of the UHF RFID near-field reader antenna. As compared with the frequently-used commercial near field tag (Impinj J41), our design can be readable up to a three times greater read distance. Furthermore, the proposed near-field tag design shows great potential for commercial item-level tagging of expensive jewelry products and sensing applications, such as temperature monitoring of the human body.

scholarly journals Numerical analysis of wireless power transfer in near-field UHF-RFID systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Alice Buffi ◽  
Andrea Michel ◽  
Paolo Nepa ◽  
Giuliano Manara
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Loading Condition ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Uhf Rfid ◽  
Load Impedance ◽  
Rfid Systems ◽  
Full Wave ◽  
Reader Antenna

A preliminary numerical analysis of the power transfer efficiency (PTE) for the forward link of near-field (NF) ultra high frequency (UHF)-radio frequency identification (RFID) systems is addressed in this paper, by resorting to an impedance matrix approach where the matrix entries are determined through full-wave simulations. The paper is aimed to quantify the NF-coupling effects on the PTE, as a function of the distance between the reader and tag antennas. To allow for a PTE comparison between different reader and tag antenna pairs, a benchmarking tag-loading condition has been assumed, where the tag antenna is loaded with the impedance that maximizes the PTE. In a more realistic loading condition, the load impedance is assumed as equal to the conjugate of the tag antenna input impedance. Full-wave simulations use accurate antenna models of commercial UHF-RFID passive tags and reader antennas. Finally, a “shape-matched antenna” configuration has been selected, where the reader antenna is assumed as identical to the tag antenna. It is shown that the above configuration could be a valuable compact solution, at least for those systems where the relative orientation/position between the tag and reader antennas can be controlled, and their separation is of the order of a few centimeters or less.

scholarly journals Anapole-enabled RFID security against far-field attacks

Nanophotonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mikhailovskaya ◽  
Diana Shakirova ◽  
Sergey Krasikov ◽  
Ildar Yusupov ◽  
Dmitry Dobrykh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Thin Metal Wire

Abstract Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a widely used wireless technology for contactless data exchange. Owing to international standardization and one-way security nature of the communication protocol, RFID tags, holding sensitive information, may be a subject to theft. One of the major security loopholes is the so-called far-field attack, where unauthorized interrogation is performed from a distance, bypassing the user’s verification. This loophole is a penalty of using a dipole-like RFID tag antenna, leaking wireless information to the far-field. Here we introduce a new concept of anapole-enabled security, prohibiting far-field attacks by utilizing fundamental laws of physics. Our design is based on radiationless electromagnetic states (anapoles), which have high near-field concentration and theoretically nulling far-field scattering. The first property enables performing data readout from several centimeters (near-field), while the second prevents attacks from a distance, regardless an eavesdropper’s radiated power and antenna gain. Our realization is based on a compact 3 cm high-index ceramic core–shell structure, functionalized with a thin metal wire and an integrated circuit to control the tag. Switching scheme was designed to provide a modulation between two radiation-less anapole states, blocking both up and down links for a far-field access. The anapole tag demonstrates more than 20 dB suppression of far-field interrogation distance in respect with a standard commercial tag, while keeping the near-field performance at the same level. The proposed concept might significantly enhance the RFID communication channel in cases, where information security prevails over cost constrains.

scholarly journals A Compact RFID Reader Antenna for UHF Near-Field and Far-Field Operations

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lai Xiao zheng ◽  
Xie Zeming ◽  
Cen Xuanliang
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Impedance Bandwidth ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Uhf Rfid ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Reader Antenna ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Linearly Polarized Radiation

A compact loop antenna is presented for mobile ultrahigh frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) application. This antenna, printed on a 0.8 mm thick FR4 substrate with a small size of 31 mm × 31 mm, achieves good impedance bandwidth from 897 to 928 MHz, which covers USA RFID Band (902–928 MHz). The proposed loop configuration, with a split-ring resonator (SRR) coupled inside it, demonstrates strong and uniform magnetic field distribution in the near-field antenna region. Its linearly polarized radiation pattern provides available far-field gain. Finally, the reading capabilities of antenna are up to 56 mm for near-field and 1.05 m for far-field UHF RFID operations, respectively.

scholarly journals Near Field UHF RFID Antenna System Enabling the Tracking of Small Laboratory Animals

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Catarinucci ◽  
Riccardo Colella ◽  
Luca Mainetti ◽  
Vincenzo Mighali ◽  
Luigi Patrono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Antenna System ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Uhf Rfid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reader Antenna ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indication

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is more and more adopted in a wide range of applicative scenarios. In many cases, such as the tracking of small-size living animals for behaviour analysis purposes, the straightforward use of commercial solutions does not ensure adequate performance. Consequently, both RFID hardware and the control software should be tailored for the particular application. In this work, a novel RFID-based approach enabling an effective localization and tracking of small-sized laboratory animals is proposed. It is mainly based on a UHF Near Field RFID multiantenna system, to be placed under the animals’ cage, and able to rigorously identify the NF RFID tags implanted in laboratory animals (e.g., mice). Once the requirements of the reader antenna have been individuated, the antenna system has been designed and realized. Moreover, an algorithm based on the measured Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) aiming at removing potential ambiguities in data captured by the multiantenna system has been developed and integrated. The animal tracking system has been largely tested on phantom mice in order to verify its ability to precisely localize each subject and to reconstruct its path. The achieved and discussed results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed tracking system.

scholarly journals A Novel Antenna for UHF RFID Near-Field Applications

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1310
Author(s):  
Yuan Yao ◽  
Qiuyue Ge ◽  
Junsheng Yu ◽  
Xiaodong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Uniform Electric Field ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Uhf Rfid ◽  
Spiral Antenna ◽  
Component Distribution ◽  
Reader Antenna ◽  
Antenna Surface

This paper proposed a novel antenna for ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) near-field applications with uniform distribution of the electric field along the x-axis (Ex), and the y-axis (Ey). The proposed antenna adopted a spiral structure to achieve broadband and multi-polarization. The novel antenna achieved good impedance matching within 860–960 MHz. Using a ground plate, the proposed antenna achieved low far-field gain and a maximum gain of less than −11 dBi. The component of the excited electric field Ex and Ey parallel to the antenna surface was uniformly distributed, and there was no zero point. The proposed antenna achieved a 100% read rate of tags parallel to its surface in the reading area of 150 mm × 150 mm × 220 mm. Simulation results were consistent with the results of real-world measurements, and the proposed antenna was suitable as a reader antenna in near-field applications. The polarization mode of RFID tags is mostly linear polarization, and the placement of tags in practical applications is diversified. Compared with the traditional RFID reader antenna, the proposed antenna achieves uniform electric field distribution parallel to the antenna surface, but the single-direction electric field has zero-reading points, which is easy to cause the misread of tags. The RFID tags can be read more accurately. To verify the scalability of the reading area of the spiral antenna unit, it was used for array design, and simulations were conducted using 1 × 2, 2 × 2,1 × 4, and 2 × 4 arrays. The component distribution of the electric field excited by the four array antennas in the x and y directions was uniform and the reading area was controllable. Therefore, the proposed spiral antenna has the expandability of the reading area and can meet the needs of different application scenarios by changing the number of array units. With the array extension, the matching network also extends, and the impedance characteristics of the array antenna are somewhat different, but they also meet the application requirements.

A low-profile FSS-based high capacity chipless RFID tag for sensing and encoding applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Shahid Habib ◽  
Amjad Ali ◽  
Ghaffer Iqbal Kiani ◽  
Wagma Ayub ◽  
Syed Muzahir Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Frequency Selective Surface ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Simple Geometry ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract This paper presents a polarization-independent 11-bit chipless RFID tag based on frequency-selective surface which has been designed for encoding and relative humidity (RH) sensing applications. The 10 exterior U-shaped resonators are used for item encoding whereas Kapton has been incorporated with the interior resonator for RH sensing. This radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag operates in S- and C-frequency bands. The proposed design offers enhanced fractional bandwidth up to 88% with the density of 4.46 bits/cm2. Both single- and dual-layer tags have been investigated. The simulated results are in good agreement with measured results and a comparison with existing literature is presented to show the performance. Simple geometry, high code density, large frequency signature bandwidth, high magnitude bit, high radar cross-section, and angular stability for more than 75° are the unique outcomes of the proposed design. In addition, RH sensing has been achieved by integrating the Kapton on the same RFID tag.

The Use of Embedded Mobile, RFID, Location Based Services, and Augmented Reality in Mobile Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Gogolin ◽  
Erin Gogolin
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Mobile Rfid

The proliferation of mobile devices such as smart phones and other handheld appliances has stimulated the development of a broad range of functionality, including medical, retail, gaming, and personal applications. Technology that has been leveraged to enable many of these uses includes embedded mobile, radio frequency identification, location based services, and augmented reality. Embedded mobile refers to preprogrammed tasks that are performed on a mobile device. Personal care and monitoring is one of the most common uses of embedded mobile. RFID involves communication between a tag and a reader. Mobile RFID extends the technology by tagging the mobile device with an RFID tag to perform tasks on the device. Near field communication is frequently utilized in mobile payment systems. Advertisers find this of significant use in focusing advertisements based on the location of an individual. Augmented reality involves the use of computer generated or enhanced sensory input such as audio and visual components to enhance the perception of reality.

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