scholarly journals Anapole-enabled RFID security against far-field attacks

Nanophotonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mikhailovskaya ◽  
Diana Shakirova ◽  
Sergey Krasikov ◽  
Ildar Yusupov ◽  
Dmitry Dobrykh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Thin Metal Wire

Abstract Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a widely used wireless technology for contactless data exchange. Owing to international standardization and one-way security nature of the communication protocol, RFID tags, holding sensitive information, may be a subject to theft. One of the major security loopholes is the so-called far-field attack, where unauthorized interrogation is performed from a distance, bypassing the user’s verification. This loophole is a penalty of using a dipole-like RFID tag antenna, leaking wireless information to the far-field. Here we introduce a new concept of anapole-enabled security, prohibiting far-field attacks by utilizing fundamental laws of physics. Our design is based on radiationless electromagnetic states (anapoles), which have high near-field concentration and theoretically nulling far-field scattering. The first property enables performing data readout from several centimeters (near-field), while the second prevents attacks from a distance, regardless an eavesdropper’s radiated power and antenna gain. Our realization is based on a compact 3 cm high-index ceramic core–shell structure, functionalized with a thin metal wire and an integrated circuit to control the tag. Switching scheme was designed to provide a modulation between two radiation-less anapole states, blocking both up and down links for a far-field access. The anapole tag demonstrates more than 20 dB suppression of far-field interrogation distance in respect with a standard commercial tag, while keeping the near-field performance at the same level. The proposed concept might significantly enhance the RFID communication channel in cases, where information security prevails over cost constrains.

The Use of Embedded Mobile, RFID, Location Based Services, and Augmented Reality in Mobile Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Gogolin ◽  
Erin Gogolin
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Mobile Rfid

The proliferation of mobile devices such as smart phones and other handheld appliances has stimulated the development of a broad range of functionality, including medical, retail, gaming, and personal applications. Technology that has been leveraged to enable many of these uses includes embedded mobile, radio frequency identification, location based services, and augmented reality. Embedded mobile refers to preprogrammed tasks that are performed on a mobile device. Personal care and monitoring is one of the most common uses of embedded mobile. RFID involves communication between a tag and a reader. Mobile RFID extends the technology by tagging the mobile device with an RFID tag to perform tasks on the device. Near field communication is frequently utilized in mobile payment systems. Advertisers find this of significant use in focusing advertisements based on the location of an individual. Augmented reality involves the use of computer generated or enhanced sensory input such as audio and visual components to enhance the perception of reality.

Development of compact inductive coupled meander line RFID tag for near-field applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Choudhary ◽  
Krishan Gopal ◽  
Deepak Sood ◽  
Chandra Charu Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radiation Pattern ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Near Field ◽  
High Frequency Band ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Meander Line ◽  
System Operating

The development of compact radio frequency identification (RFID) tag is the key requirement for wireless tracking of precious small size goods/packages in transport. A design of compact meander line tag antenna having inductive coupling feed is presented for RFID system operating at ultra high frequency band of865–867 MHz. The size of the proposed tag antenna is43 mm × 10 mm, and is designed using Higgs 4 IC chip (made Alien Technology, USA) having impedance of20.55− j191.45 Ωat centre frequency866 MHz.The antenna characteristics such as impedance, radiation pattern, bandwidth, and effect of ground on gain and tag size are analyzed and found to closely match with the simulated values. The observed value of reading range varies from87.5 to 35 cmsdepending on mounting on non-metal and metal packages, respectively.

scholarly journals PERANCANGAN SISTEM SMARTCARD SEBAGAI PENGAMAN PINTU MENGGUNAKAN RFID BERBASIS ARDUINO

CCIT Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-254
Author(s):  
Ferry Sudarto ◽  
Gustasari Gustasari ◽  
Arwan Arwan
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Transmission Frequency ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Rfid Systems ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Circuit Technology

Along with the development of science and technology so rapidly trigger the emergence of new technologies, one of which is RFID. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a process of identifying the object or objects using radio transmission frequency. RFID is a new technology, and will continue to evolve in line with advances in integrated circuit technology, it can be ascertained that the RFID tag can be applied in various fields. RFID systems offer increased efficiency in controlling inventory control in the identification of objects. RFID can be used to store and receive data remotely using a device that RFID TAG (transponder). Many applications can utilize RFID systems, for example for indoor security systems, highways, libraries, class attendance, even as the identity of the student / students. Therefore, in this researchRaharja College presenting a Smartcard System Design using RFID as a device interface and ARDUINO UNO as a controller to be used as a door security system. With the presence of this system is expected to be a useful new innovation in Raharja College and can improve the shortcomings of existing systems and can provide maximum service to the whole personal raharja.

scholarly journals Autism Support System using RFID Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4706-4710
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Location Tracking ◽  
Rfid Technology ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Normal Text ◽  
Frequency Identification

This study represents a device to identify the location of an Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD) child using an Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). This is a wearable device, that is to be worn by the autism child, which allows the parent to track the child anytime, anywhere .The RFID technology is implied for the location tracking, The RFID Tag is affixed on the device, the reader which is supposed to sense the RFID tag is placed at the spots such as classroom etc. The reader when it senses the tag notifies the parent through a message. When an RFID tag passes through the electromagnetic zone, it detects the activation signal produced by the reader. The encoded data present in the integrated circuit of the tag is being encoded by the reader and the data is delivered to the host computer for processing. The location can be sent to parent in the form of a normal text message via GSM. Autism children deserve to acquire knowledge and explore the environment. To overcome the obstruction this device will be of immense help.

scholarly journals Uniform Magnetic Field Characteristics Based UHF RFID Tag for Internet of Things Applications

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 1603
Author(s):  
Abubakar Sharif ◽  
Yi Yan ◽  
Jun Ouyang ◽  
Hassan Tariq Chattha ◽  
Kamran Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Uniform Magnetic Field ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Logarithmic Spiral ◽  
Uhf Rfid ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Reader Antenna

This paper presents a novel inkjet-printed near-field ultra-high-frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) tag/sensor design with uniform magnetic field characteristics. The proposed tag is designed using the theory of characteristics mode (TCM). Moreover, the uniformity of current and magnetic field performance is achieved by further optimizing the design using particle swarm optimization (PSO). Compared to traditional electrically small near-field tags, this tag uses the logarithmic spiral as the radiating structure. The benefit of the logarithmic spiral structure lies in its magnetic field receiving area that can be extended to reach a higher reading distance. The combination of TCM and PSO is used to get the uniform magnetic field and desired resonant frequency. Moreover, the PSO was exploited to get a uniform magnetic field in the horizontal plane of the normal phase of the UHF RFID near-field reader antenna. As compared with the frequently-used commercial near field tag (Impinj J41), our design can be readable up to a three times greater read distance. Furthermore, the proposed near-field tag design shows great potential for commercial item-level tagging of expensive jewelry products and sensing applications, such as temperature monitoring of the human body.

Passive RFID, a new technology for dense and long-term monitoring of unstable structures: review and prospective.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Le Breton ◽  
Laurent Baillet ◽  
Éric Larose ◽  
Etienne Rey ◽  
Denis Jongmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Crack Opening ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Displacement Monitoring ◽  
Frequency Identification

<p>            Billions of passive radiofrequency tags are produced by the Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) industry every year to identify goods remotely. New research and business applications are continuously arising, including recently localization and sensing for earth science. Indeed, the cost of tags is often several orders of magnitudes below conventional outdoor sensors used in earth science, allowing to deploy up to thousands of tags with minimal investment. Furthermore, passive wireless tags require little maintenance, which fits well for years-long monitoring. This study reviews the earth science applications that are being developed today, that use RFID devices available on the market, i.e., 900 MHz far-field tags and 125 kHz near-field tags.</p><p>            Ground displacements of centimeters to hundreds of meters can be monitored using RFID location techniques. Indeed, RFID tags were firstly used in earth science to track the displacement of riverine and coastal sediments due to bedloading. Near-field tags inserted in pebbles can be identified typically up to 0.5 m from the reading device even when buried. The tags are read either by fixed portals or by a mobile device, obtaining either high space or time resolution data, respectively. Very recently, measuring the phase difference of arrival of far-field tags allowed to estimate displacements with centimetric accuracy, with a tag-reader distance up to 50 m. That allowed measuring the ground displacements continuously relatively to a fixed reader, or to estimate tags location placed on the ground by carrying a reader over a drone using the synthetic aperture radar method. Alternatively, RFID tags can also be used for sensing the evolution over time of the temperature, moisture level, vibrations, resonant frequency or crack opening of a geologic object.</p><p>            This review presents multiple applications for monitoring unstable rock/earth structures using RFID. First, slow landslides can be monitored with accurate displacement monitoring and with soil moisture sensors. Then, prone-to-failure rock columns could be monitored by sensing crack opening or resonant frequency, using the same tags as with the concrete structure applications. Finally, sediment loading due to rapid mass movements such as floods, debris flows, tsunami or typhoons, have been studied largely using tags placed into pebbles.</p><p> </p><p>Author’s published work on the topic:</p><ul><li>Le Breton, M., Baillet, L., Larose, E., Rey, E., Benech, P., Jongmans, D., Guyoton, F., 2017. Outdoor UHF RFID: Phase Stabilization for Real-World Applications. IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification 1, 279–290.</li> <li>Le Breton, M., Baillet, L., Larose, E., Rey, E., Benech, P., Jongmans, D., Guyoton, F., Jaboyedoff, M., 2019. Passive radio-frequency identification ranging, a dense and weather-robust technique for landslide displacement monitoring. Engineering Geology 250, 1–10.</li> <li>Le Breton, M., 2019. Suivi temporel d’un glissement de terrain à l’aide d’étiquettes RFID passives, couplé à l’observation de pluviométrie et de bruit sismique ambiant (PhD Thesis). Université Grenoble Alpes, ISTerre, Grenoble, France.</li> </ul>

scholarly journals Visual management of medical things with an advanced color-change RFID tag

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Sun ◽  
Budi Rahmadya ◽  
Fangyuan Kong ◽  
Shigeki Takeda
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Sensitive Structure

AbstractThis paper proposes a visual management scheme of medical things with a color-change radio frequency identification (RFID) tag. The color-change RFID tag employs a specific RFID tag integrated circuit (IC) and a laminated pH-indicating paper. The IC has energy harvesting and switched ground functions, which enable it to generate electricity to the laminated pH-indicating paper. This phenomenon causes electrolysis of NaCl solution absorbed in the laminated pH-indicating paper. Electrolysis generates alkaline matter to change the color of the pH-indicating paper. This paper gives a new and sensitive structure of the laminated pH-indicating paper. The proposed advanced color-change RFID tag with new laminated pH-indicating paper succeeds in changing its color noticeably at a 1 m distance using an RFID reader radiating 1 W radio waves. The color change was observed 3–5 s after starting radio wave irradiation. The results of this experiment also confirm that the changed color can be held for over 24 h. Furthermore, two demonstrations of the visual management system of medical things (patient clothes and sanitizers) are presented.

scholarly journals A Compact RFID Reader Antenna for UHF Near-Field and Far-Field Operations

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lai Xiao zheng ◽  
Xie Zeming ◽  
Cen Xuanliang
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Impedance Bandwidth ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Uhf Rfid ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Reader Antenna ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Linearly Polarized Radiation

A compact loop antenna is presented for mobile ultrahigh frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) application. This antenna, printed on a 0.8 mm thick FR4 substrate with a small size of 31 mm × 31 mm, achieves good impedance bandwidth from 897 to 928 MHz, which covers USA RFID Band (902–928 MHz). The proposed loop configuration, with a split-ring resonator (SRR) coupled inside it, demonstrates strong and uniform magnetic field distribution in the near-field antenna region. Its linearly polarized radiation pattern provides available far-field gain. Finally, the reading capabilities of antenna are up to 56 mm for near-field and 1.05 m for far-field UHF RFID operations, respectively.

RFID, NFC, Beacons, and the Infrastructures of Logistical Locative Media

2020 ◽  
pp. 474-486
Author(s):  
Jordan Frith
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Near Field Communication ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Locative Media ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Machine Readable

The phrase the Internet of things was originally coined in a 1999 presentation about attaching radio frequency identification (RFID) tags to individual objects. These tags would make the objects machine-readable, uniquely identifiable, and, most importantly, wirelessly communicative with infrastructure. This chapter evaluates RFID as a piece of mobile communicative infrastructure, and it examines two emerging forms: near-field communication (NFC) and Bluetooth low-energy beacons. The chapter shows how NFC and Bluetooth low-energy beacons may soon move some types of RFID to smartphones, in this way evolving the use of RFID in payment and transportation and enabling new practices of post-purchasing behaviors.

scholarly journals On the application of the EM-imaging for chipless RFID tags

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zomorrodi ◽  
N.C. Karmakar
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
60 Ghz ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
High Data ◽  
Data Encoding ◽  
Bending Effect ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Cost Item

The electromagnetic (EM) imaging technique at mm-band 60 GHz is proposed for data encoding purpose in the chipless Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems. The fully printable chipless RFID tag comprises tiny conductive EM polarizers to create high cross-polar radar cross-section. Synthetic aperture radar approach is applied for formation of the tag's EM-image and revealing the tag's content. The achieved high data encoding capacity of 2 bits/cm2in this technique based on a fully printable tag is very convincing for many applications. The system immunity to multipath interference, bending effect, and printing inaccuracy suggests huge potentials for low-cost item tagging. Tags are also readable through a tick paper envelop; hence secure identification is provided by the proposed technique.

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