scholarly journals Fuzzy System and Time Window Applied to Traffic Service Network Problems under a Multi-Demand Random Network

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Ling Huang ◽  
Sin-Yuan Huang ◽  
Wei-Chang Yeh ◽  
Jinhai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy System ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Network Reliability ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Traffic Network ◽  
Service Network ◽  
The Past ◽  
Network Problems ◽  
Reliability Method

The transportation network promotes key human development links such as social production, population movement and resource exchange. As cities continue to expand, transportation networks become increasingly complex. A bad traffic network design will affect the quality of urban development and cause regional economic losses. How to plan transportation routes and allocate transportation resources is an important issue in today’s society. This study uses the network reliability method to solve traffic network problems. Network reliability refers to the probability of a successful connection between the source and sink nodes in the network. There are many systems in the world that use network architecture; therefore, network reliability is widely used in various practical problems and cases. In the past, some scholars have used network reliability to solve traffic service network problems. However, the processing of time is not detailed enough to fully express the real user’s time requirements and does not consider that the route traffic will affect the reliability of the entire network. This study improves on past network reliability methods by using a fuzzy system and a time window to construct a network model. Using the concept of fuzzy systems, according to past experience, data or expert predictions to define the degree of flow, time and reliability, can also determine the relationship between these factors. The time window can be adjusted according to the time limit in reality, reaching the limit of the complete expression time. In addition, the network reliability algorithm used in this study is a direct algorithm. Compared with the past indirect algorithms, the computation time is greatly reduced and complex problems can be solved more efficiently.

Reliability Models of GSM-R Redundant Network on High-Speed Railway

2012 ◽  
Vol 198-199 ◽  
pp. 1783-1788
Author(s):  
Jun Ting Lin ◽  
Jian Wu Dang
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Failure Time ◽  
Network Reliability ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Double Layers ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Reliability Models ◽  
Single Layer Network ◽  
Wireless Architectures

As a dedicated digital mobile communication system designed for railway application, GSM-R must provide reliable bidirectional channel for transmitting security data between trackside equipments and on-train computer on high-speed railways. To ensure the safety of running trains, redundant network architecture is commonly used to guarantee the reliability of GSM-R. Because of the rigid demands of railway security, it is important to build reliability mathematical models, predict the network reliability and select a suitable one. Two common GSM-R wireless architectures, co-sited double layers network and intercross single layer network, are modeled and contrasted in this paper. By calculating the reliabilities of each reliable model, it is clear that more redundant the architecture is, more reliable the system will be, the whole system will bear a less failure time per year as the benefit. Meanwhile, as the redundancy of GSM-R system raises, its equipment and maintenance will cost much, but the reliability raise gently. From the standpoint of transmission system interruption and network equipment failure, the reliability of co-sited double layer network architecture is higher than the intercross single layer one, while the viability and cost of the intercross redundant network is better than co-sited one in natural disasters such as flood and lightning. Taking fully into account reliability, viability and cost, we suggest that intercross redundant network should be chosen on high-speed railway.

scholarly journals Botanicals: a natural approach to control ascaridiosis in poultry

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. SYMEONIDOU ◽  
E. BONOS ◽  
K. MOUSTAKIDIS ◽  
P. FLOROU-PANERI ◽  
E. CHRISTAKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Losses ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Natural Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Anthelmintic Efficacy ◽  
Anthelmintic Drugs

Parasites (protozoa, helminthes, arthropods) represent a main threat for poultry worldwide. Among helminthes, nematodes constitute the most important group of parasites of poultry. The nematode Ascaridia galli, the cause of ascaridiosis in poultry, is one of the most important and prevalent parasites, resulting in serious economic losses, associated with the treatment cost, the decreased feed efficiency, and the poor egg and meat production. During the past few decades the indiscriminate use of anthelmintic drugs has generated several cases of resistance in helminthes in poultry, situation which is coupled with the severity of residues in poultry products. For this reason, nowadays attention has been drawn to the use of botanicals in poultry diet, due to their anthelmintic properties. Furthermore, the dietary use eco-friend ly of these plant derived substances compared to conventional synthetic anthelmintic drugs is considered as a natural and ecofriendly approach by the consumers. The focus of the present review is to recapitulate the studies, both in vivo and in vitro, that have demonstrated the anthelmintic efficacy of various dietary botanicals in controlling poultry ascaridiosis.

Network Blueprint for Maximizing the Lifetime of Smart Devices in Low Power IoT Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-38
Author(s):  
Sarwesh P. ◽  
K. Chandrasekaran ◽  
Thamizharasan S.
Keyword(s):  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Network Reliability ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Node Placement ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Device Lifetime ◽  
Placement Technique ◽  
Better Than

In the modern communication and computation era, internet of things (IoT) is developing as the key technology that satisfies the requirements of various applications. Prolonging device lifetime and maintaining network reliability is the evident objective for IoT network. Therefore, the authors come up with the network architecture that integrates node placement technique and routing technique. In the architecture, node placement is implemented by varying the density of nodes, by varying battery level of nodes, and by varying transmission range of nodes. Energy efficient and reliable path computation is addressed by routing technique. Therefore, enhancing the features of routing and node placement technique and integrating them together in network architecture can efficiently prolong the network lifetime. From the results, the authors observed that the proposed network architecture prolongs the network lifetime two times better than the standard model and also outperforms EQSR protocol and maintains the reliable data transfer.

scholarly journals Taiwan Vulnerability Analysis: A Comparative Study with Japan, China, U.S.A., U.K., France, and the Netherlands

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Shou Su
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

<p>Taiwan has performed well economically during the past four decades. However, economic development can be profoundly hampered by natural disasters. Sustainable economic development requires environmental resilience. With 23 million people occupying only 13,974 square miles of land, Taiwan is both densely populated and highly exposed to natural disasters: 73.1% of the total population lives in vulnerable areas, and Taiwan is ranked as the country most exposed to multiple hazards (The World Bank, 2005). Storms and floods damage Taiwan frequently, with an average of six typhoons hitting Taiwan annually for the past four decades. Taiwan had the highest occurrence and highest death toll on the natural disaster density indicator (NDDI) in comparison with China, Japan, U.S.A, U.K., France, and the Netherlands from 1985 to 2014. Also, Taiwan’s economic losses during the past thirty years are estimated at $650, 000 per km². This is approximately 5 times that of the Netherlands’ $134,362 and the U.K.’s $135,292, 8 times that of the U.S.A.’s $78,186 losses, and 9 times that of France’s $70,599. Research finds that every dollar invested into disaster preparedness would save $4 to $7 dollars in post-disaster damages (Multihazard Mitigation Council, 2005; The National Academy of Sciences, 2012). Hence, promoting urban resilience policies for disaster risk reduction should become a priority in Taiwan and other Asian nations in the future. Most important is the need of a strong political commitment and leadership to initiate and implement spatial policies toward resilience.</p>

scholarly journals No upward trend in normalised windstorm losses in Europe: 1970–2008

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Barredo
Keyword(s):  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Exceptional Case ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Societal Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Price Differences

Abstract. On 18 January 2007, windstorm Kyrill battered Europe with hurricane-force winds killing 47 people and causing 10 billion US$ in damage. Kyrill poses several questions: is Kyrill an isolated or exceptional case? Have there been events costing as much in the past? This paper attempts to put Kyrill into an historical context by examining large historical windstorm event losses in Europe for the period 1970–2008 across 29 European countries. It asks the question what economic losses would these historical events cause if they were to recur under 2008 societal conditions? Loss data were sourced from reinsurance firms and augmented with historical reports, peer-reviewed articles and other ancillary sources. Following the same conceptual approach outlined in previous studies, the data were then adjusted for changes in population, wealth, and inflation at the country level and for inter-country price differences using purchasing power parity. The analyses reveal no trend in the normalised windstorm losses and confirm increasing disaster losses are driven by societal factors and increasing exposure.

scholarly journals Reliability Analysis of an Air Traffic Network: From Network Structure to Transport Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanmei Li ◽  
Zhaoyue Zhang ◽  
Xiaochun Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Network Reliability ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Transformation Model ◽  
Traffic Network ◽  
Traffic Networks ◽  
Travel Time Reliability ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Us ◽  
Overall Reliability

To scientifically evaluate the reliability of air traffic networks, a definition of air traffic network reliability is proposed in this paper. Calculation models of the connectivity reliability, travel-time reliability, and capacity reliability of the air traffic network are constructed based on collected historical data, considering the current status and the predicted future evolution trends. Considering the randomness and fuzziness of factors affecting reliability, a comprehensive evaluation model of air traffic networks based on the uncertainty transformation model is established. Finally, the reliability of the US air traffic network is analyzed based on data published by the Transportation Statistics Bureau of the US Department of Transportation. The results show that the connectivity reliability is 0.4073, the capacity reliability is 0.8300, the travel-time reliability is 0.9180, and the overall reliability evaluated is “relatively reliable”. This indicates that although the US structural reliability is relatively low, the US air traffic management is very efficient, and the overall reliability is strong. The reliability in nonpeak hours is much higher than that in peak hours. The method can identify air traffic network reliability efficiently. The main factors affecting reliability can be found in the calculation process, and are beneficial for air traffic planning and management. The empirical analysis also reflects that the evaluation model based on the uncertainty transformation model can transform the quantitative data of network structure and traffic function into the qualitative language of reliability.

Reliability of TLP Tethers Using Evolutionary Strategies

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Barranco Cicilia ◽  
Alberto Omar Va´zquez Herna´ndez
Keyword(s):  
Limit State ◽  
Evolutionary Strategies ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
State Function ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Reliability Method ◽  
Reliability Methods ◽  
New Codes ◽  
Monte Carlo Importance Sampling ◽  
Von Mises

Tether system is a critical component for the TLPs, since its failure may lead to the collapse of the whole structure involving human lives, economic losses and damages to the environment. Due to this fact, reliability methods have been proposed to design TLP tethers and new codes are being developed to increase their safety level. The objective of this paper is to compare the probability of failure for TLP tethers considering the maximum tension limit state obtained with three methods, which are: a methodology based on Evolutionary Strategies and the Monte Carlo Importance Sampling, the First Order Reliability Method, and the Second Order Reliability Method. Von-Mises failure criterion is used as limit state function for the most loaded tether of a TLP submitted to different sea states. Efficiency of the ES algorithm to find design points and probabilities of failure obtained with the reliability methods are discussed.

Tutorial on methods for interval-censored data and their implementation in R

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Gómez ◽  
M Luz Calle ◽  
Ramon Oller ◽  
Klaus Langohr
Keyword(s):  
Censored Data ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Interval Censoring ◽  
Right Censoring ◽  
Interval Censored Data ◽  
Survival Curves ◽  
Statistical Software ◽  
The Past ◽  
Interval Censored ◽  
Non Parametric

Interval censoring is encountered in many practical situations when the event of interest cannot be observed and it is only known to have occurred within a time window. The theory for the analysis of interval-censored data has been developed over the past three decades and several reviews have been written. However, it is still a common practice in medical and reliability studies to simplify the interval censoring structure of the data into a more standard right censoring situation by, for instance, imputing the midpoint of the censoring interval. The availability of software for right censoring might well be the main reason for this simplifying practice. In contrast, several methods have been developed to deal with interval-censored data and the corresponding algorithms to make the procedures feasible are scattered across the statistical software or remain behind the personal computers of many researchers. The purpose of this tutorial is to present, in a pedagogical and unified manner, the methodology and the available software for analyzing interval-censored data. The paper covers frequentist non-parametric, parametric and semiparametric estimating approaches, non-parametric tests for comparing survival curves and a section on simulation of interval-censored data. The methods and the software are described using the data from a dental study.

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