scholarly journals Effectiveness Assessment of a Nanocrystalline Sleeve Ferrite Core Compared with Ceramic Cores for Reducing Conducted EMI

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Suarez ◽  
Jorge Victoria ◽  
Jose Torres ◽  
Pedro A. Martinez ◽  
Antonio Alcarria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Ferrite Core ◽  
Test Standards ◽  
Loss Parameter ◽  
Novel Material ◽  
Characterization Procedure ◽  
Cispr 25 ◽  
Effectiveness Assessment

The interconnection of different electronic devices or systems through cables is becoming more difficult due to the hard restrictions related to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) in order to comply with requirements. Therefore, the use of EMC components is a good solution to manage the problems associated with the filtering of electromagnetic interference (EMI) in cables and to pass the compliance test. In this sense, sleeve ferrite cores become a very interesting solution since they can be set around a wire and, hence, they provide an effective solution against EMI without having to redesign the electronic circuit. This contribution is focused on the characterization of the performance of a sleeve ferrite core based on a novel nanocrystalline (NC) novel material for EMI suppression and comparing it to the most conventional ceramic ferrite cores such as MnZn and NiZn. The research highlights the suitability of an NC novel component in terms of its magnetic properties to reduce EMI within the conducted emissions range. This range is generally defined by the International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR) test standards frequency band that covers from 150 kHz up to 30 MHz (108 MHz in the case of CISPR 25). First, this study presents a description of the main parameters that define the behavior of NC and ceramic cores and, secondly, by analyzing the data obtained from experimental procedures, it is possible to directly determine the insertion loss parameter. Hence, this characterization procedure is used to obtain the performance of NC material compared to the conventional sleeve ferrite core compositions employed to filter the interferences in this problematic frequency range. As can be deduced from the results obtained, an NC sleeve ferrite core provides the best performance in terms of EMI filtering within a significant frequency range between 100 kHz and 100 MHz.

scholarly journals Characterization of Different Cable Ferrite Materials to Reduce the Electromagnetic Noise in the 2–150 kHz Frequency Range

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Suarez ◽  
Jorge Victoria ◽  
Antonio Alcarria ◽  
Jose Torres ◽  
Pedro A. Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Insertion Loss ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Electromagnetic Noise ◽  
Communication Problems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Loss Parameter

The gap of standardization for conducted and field coupled electromagnetic interferences (EMI) in the 2–150 kHz frequency range can lead to Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) problems. This is caused by power systems such as PWM controlled rectifiers, photovoltaic inverters or charging battery units in electric vehicles. This is a very important frequency spectral due to interferences generate in a wide range of dives and, specifically, communication problems in the new technologies and devices incorporated to the traditional grid to convert it into Smart Grid. Consequently, it is necessary to provide new solutions to attenuate this kind of interferences, which involve finding new materials able to filter the electromagnetic noise. This contribution is focused on characterizing the performance of different cable ferrite compositions in order to determine the effectiveness of most common materials such as MnZn and NiZn and a new range based on nanocrystalline solutions. This analysis procedure is carried out through two methods: theoretical method by determining the insertion loss through measuring impedance parameter and proposing a new empirical technique based on measuring directly the insertion loss parameter. Therefore, the main aim of this characterization process is to determine the performance of these cable ferrites to reduce the interferences in this controversial frequency range. From the results obtained, it is possible to deduce that nanocrystalline cable ferrites provide the best performance to filter the electromagnetic noise in the 2-150 kHz frequency range.

scholarly journals Comparison of Shielding Effectiveness in Complex Curved Structure with Different Numerical Methods, FDTD, MOM and Equivalent Circuit

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1010
Author(s):  
Amir hossein Poursoltan mohammadi ◽  
M. Chehel Amirani ◽  
Faghihi Faghihi
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Numerical Solution ◽  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Communication Device ◽  
Numerical Solution Methods

<p>The study of the effect of shielding on high frequency equipment is very important in the electromagnetic compatibility of control and communication equipment. In this paper, while presenting a curved complex structure for the shielding enclosure, the different number of apertures with different dimensions has been investigated. A rectangular structure with two curved parts behind of the enclosure simulated based on numerical methods, FDTD, MOM and equivalent circuit for better analysis of electromagnetic interference. After introducing the proposed structure and presenting the curvature theory, simulation results are displayed and compared in the selected frequency range for three numerical methods. It has been shown that increasing the number of apertures by reducing the size, increases the effectiveness of the protective shield. However, increasing the number of resonances by increasing the apertures indicates the importance of studying the equipment more precisely before choosing the structure of enclosure. We present a complex structure for the enclosure and the different number and dimensions of apertures with different materials were investigated for analyzing the effect of shielding on electromagnetic interference. The necessity of choosing a more effective enclosure according to the frequency of the equipment is specified. Finally, three methods of numerical solution, FDTD, MOM and circuit equal comparition were performed with measured value. Changes in the Shielding effectiveness and the number of resonant in the frequency range were determined. The exact examination of equipment requires shielding and their frequency and the type of inside-to-outside communication device before choosing shieldin is important. We used a comparison of three numerical solution methods for examining the field distribution in a complex structure enclosure with different apertures and different materials. In the majority of cases, the proximity of the measured values in this frequency range with the MOM curves shows the performance of this method in complex structures.<em></em></p>

scholarly journals A Brief Introduction in the Mitigation of Conducted Electromagnetic Interference lssues

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 373-378
Author(s):  
M. Buzdugan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Frequency Converter ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Electromagnetic Emissions ◽  
Interference Tests ◽  
Conducted Emissions

This paper deals with the mitigation of the influence of electromagnetic conducted emissions in low voltage grids, which can be performed using different filtering methods. Due to the relatively young age of the electromagnetic compatibility domain, the specific terminology is not yet fully consecrated. That is why the specific literature abounds in a bunch of definitions and notions, incomplete, redundant, or worse, even contradictory. Therefore, all over this paper, the terminology from the successive issues of the standard IEC 60050-161 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, is used. The introductory section presents generalities regarding the broader context of electromagnetic compatibility in which the paper fit. Section II is devoted to measurement techniques and measuring equipment used in conducted electromagnetic interference tests, specifically for electromagnetic emissions that flow in/from the equipment under test through power lines in the standardized frequency range from 100 kHz to 30 MHz. These measurement techniques and equipment are further used in the next section which presents electromagnetic interference experiments, performed on an induction motor driven by a frequency converter. To mitigate the conducted electromagnetic emissions to fit into the standard limits, a cascade of two EMI filtering cells has been designed and implemented. This demonstrated the usefulness and effectiveness of mains EMI filters in low voltage power applications. The experiment also demonstrated that in some cases it would be necessary to retrofit more than one filtering cell

scholarly journals Influence of Aircraft Power Electronics Processing on Backup VHF Radio Systems

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 777
Author(s):  
Jan Leuchter ◽  
Radim Bloudicek ◽  
Jan Boril ◽  
Josef Bajer ◽  
Erik Blasch
Keyword(s):  
Power Electronics ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Intermediate Frequency ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Switching Power ◽  
Radio Systems ◽  
The Impact

The paper describes the influence of power electronics, energy processing, and emergency radio systems (ERS) immunity testing on onboard aircraft equipment and ground stations providing air traffic services. The implementation of next-generation power electronics introduces potential hazards for the safety and reliability of aircraft systems, especially the interferences from power electronics with high-power processing. The paper focuses on clearly identifying, experimentally verifying, and quantifiably measuring the effects of power electronics processing using switching modes versus the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of emergency radio systems with electromagnetic interference (EMI). EMI can be very critical when switching power radios utilize backup receivers, which are used as aircraft backup systems or airport last-resort systems. The switching power electronics process produces interfering electromagnetic energy to create problems with onboard aircraft radios or instrument landing system (ILS) avionics services. Analyses demonstrate significant threats and risks resulting from interferences between radio and power electronics in airborne systems. Results demonstrate the impact of interferences on intermediate-frequency processing, namely, for very high frequency (VHF) radios. The paper also describes the methodology of testing radio immunity against both weak and strong signals in accordance with recent aviation standards and guidance for military radio communication systems in the VHF band.

scholarly journals Reduction of Electromagnetic Interference Using ZnO-PCL Nanocomposites at Microwave Frequency

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abubakar Yakubu ◽  
Zulkifly Abbas ◽  
Nor Azowa Ibrahim ◽  
Ahmad Fahad
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Microwave Frequency ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Radio Emissions ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Home Appliance ◽  
Coaxial Probe ◽  
Very High

In industrial equipment and home appliance applications, the electromagnetic compatibility compliance directive (ECCD) demands that electromagnetic interference side effects be eliminated or marginally minimized. The equipment must not disturb radio and telecommunication as well as other appliances. Additionally the ECCD also governs the immunity of such equipment to interference and seeks to ensure that this equipment is not disturbed by radio emissions when used as intended. Many types of absorbing materials are commercially available. However, many are expensive and not environmentally friendly. It is in the light of the above that we studied the electromagnetic absorption properties of ZnO-PCL nanocomposites prepared from cheap and abundant resources which are environmentally friendly (zinc and polycaprolactone). The test was carried out using a microstrip, open ended coaxial probe, and vector network analyzer. Amongst other findings, result showed that the ZnO-PCL nanocomposite has the capability of attenuating microwave frequency up to −18.2 dB due to their very high specific surface areas attributed to the nanofillers at 12 GHz.

Gradient structures of Ni – Zn ferrites for electromagnetic radiation protection devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
V. V. Karanskij ◽  
◽  
S. V. Smirnov ◽  
A. S. Klimov ◽  
E. V. Savruk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Zn Ferrite ◽  
Absorbing Materials ◽  
Plasma Electronic

Increasing the reliability requirements for electromagnetic compatibility of electronic equipment requires the creation of protective coatings that absorb electromagnetic radiation or the development of new radio-absorbing materials. In the frequency range up to 1 GHz, radio-absorbing materials based on Ni – Zn ferrites are of the greatest interest. The absorption of electromagnetic radiation by ferrites occurs due to resonant phenomena at the level of domains and atoms. Improving the performance of ferrites is possible by modifying their surface properties. In this paper, gradient structures for electromagnetic radiation protection products are obtained by treating the surface of Ni – Zn ferrite samples with a low-energy electron beam. To generate the electron beam, a unique development was used — a forevacuum plasma electronic source that allows forming and transporting a beam with a power density of up to 105 W/cm2 under conditions of high pressure and high gas release. As a result of processing, gradient structures were found on the surface of ferrites. A theoretical analysis and experimental study of the obtained structures “non – magnetic conductor – ferrite”, characterized by an increased attenuation coefficient and a reduced reflection coefficient of electromagnetic radiation in the frequency range from 0.5 to 2.5 GHz. The possibility of obtaining near-surface layers depleted in zinc with increased electrical conductivity and reduced magnetic permeability is shown.

scholarly journals Modelling natural electromagnetic interference in man-made conductors for space weather applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa Trichtchenko
Keyword(s):  
Exact Solution ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Electromagnetic Response ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Geomagnetically Induced Currents ◽  
Geomagnetic Variations ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. Power transmission lines above the ground, cables and pipelines in the ground and under the sea, and in general all man-made long grounded conductors are exposed to the variations of the natural electromagnetic field. The resulting currents in the networks (commonly named geomagnetically induced currents, GIC), are produced by the conductive and/or inductive coupling and can compromise or even disrupt system operations and, in extreme cases, cause power blackouts, railway signalling mis-operation, or interfere with pipeline corrosion protection systems. To properly model the GIC in order to mitigate their impacts it is necessary to know the frequency dependence of the response of these systems to the geomagnetic variations which naturally span a wide frequency range. For that, the general equations of the electromagnetic induction in a multi-layered infinitely long cylinder (representing cable, power line wire, rail or pipeline) embedded in uniform media have been solved utilising methods widely used in geophysics. The derived electromagnetic fields and currents include the effects of the electromagnetic properties of each layer and of the different types of the surrounding media. This exact solution then has been used to examine the electromagnetic response of particular samples of long conducting structures to the external electromagnetic wave for a wide range of frequencies. Because the exact solution has a rather complicated structure, simple approximate analytical formulas have been proposed, analysed and compared with the results from the exact model. These approximate formulas show good coincidence in the frequency range spanning from geomagnetic storms (less than mHz) to pulsations (mHz to Hz) to atmospherics (kHz) and above, and can be recommended for use in space weather applications.

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