scholarly journals Electric Vehicles: A Data Science Perspective Review

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Pevec ◽  
Jurica Babic ◽  
Vedran Podobnik
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
Transportation Industry ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Green Transportation

Current trends are showing that the popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) has significantly increased over the last few years, causing changes not only in the transportation industry but generally in business and society. This paper covers one possible angle to the (r)evolution instigated by EVs, i.e., it provides the data science perspective review of the interdisciplinary area at the intersection of green transportation, energy informatics, and economics. Namely, the review summarizes data-driven research in EVs by identifying two main research streams: (i) socio–economic, and (ii) socio–technical. The socio–economic stream includes research in: (i) acceptance of green transportation in countries and among different populations, (ii) current trends in the EV market, and (iii) forecasting future sales for the green transportation. The socio–technical stream includes research in: (i) electric vehicle battery price and capacity and (ii) charging station management. This kind of study is especially important now when the question is no longer whether the transition from internal-combustion engine vehicles to clean-fuel vehicles is going to happen but how fast it will happen and what are going to be implications for society, governmental policies, and industry. Based on the presented literature review, the paper also outlines the most significant open questions and challenges that are yet to be solved: (i) scarcity of trustworthy (open) data, and (ii) designing a generalized methodology for charging station deployment.

scholarly journals Intersection of Data Science and Smart Destinations: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Aguirre Montero ◽  
José Antonio López-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Tourism Marketing ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Smart Card Data ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Smart Data

This systematic review adopts a formal and structured approach to review the intersection of data science and smart tourism destinations in terms of components found in previous research. The study period corresponds to 1995–2021 focusing the analysis mainly on the last years (2015–2021), identifying and characterizing the current trends on this research topic. The review comprises documentary research based on bibliometric and conceptual analysis, using the VOSviewer and SciMAT software to analyze articles from the Web of Science database. There is growing interest in this research topic, with more than 300 articles published annually. Data science technologies on which current smart destinations research is based include big data, smart data, data analytics, social media, cloud computing, the internet of things (IoT), smart card data, geographic information system (GIS) technologies, open data, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. Critical research areas for data science techniques and technologies in smart destinations are public tourism marketing, mobility-accessibility, and sustainability. Data analysis techniques and technologies face unprecedented challenges and opportunities post-coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) to build on the huge amount of data and a new tourism model that is more sustainable, smarter, and safer than those previously implemented.

scholarly journals Construction Features of Devices for Charging Electric Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksii Serhiiovych Yama ◽  
Yurii Serhiiovych Olishevskii
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Serial Connection ◽  
Charging Stations

The electric vehicle (EV) market is actively developing by leading car manufacturers around the world. The main efforts of developers are aimed at creating an efficient energy storage device - a rechargeable battery, because its parameters largely characterize the EV: power reserve and acceleration, engine power and others. But for the comfortable existence of EV in urban conditions requires a certain infrastructure, which includes charging stations, containing all the necessary equipment to charge the battery. In the results use many different terms and definitions that often describe the same phenomenon. This paper substantiates the need for systematization and analysis of equipment for charging electric vehicles. The methods of charging electric cars are considered in the work, the information on the ways of charging EV is arranged, parallels between different standards are made. Chargers for electric vehicles can be classified as follows: AC charging and DC charging. Both methods of EV charging are regulated by different standards in different countries. The US and Japan use the SAE J1772 standard, it covers both types of charging methods mentioned above. Its European adaptation is IEC 61851. The standard describes the power level of charging stations and types of EV sockets. The charging mode describes the safety communication protocol between the electric vehicle and the charging station. To establish a serial connection between the electric vehicle and the EVSE, there is a function "PILOT", which refers to the protocol IEC 61851, provides the necessary functions related to the communication of EV and EVSE. The connection detection sequence is performed automatically when the EVSE power control cable is physically connected to the EV. Of the many variants of controlled AC chargers, according to the authors, the most promising is the option based on an open project. The advantages are open data on the applied circuit solutions and code, as well as low cost compared to industrial designs, the availability of a user-friendly interface, the ability to create your own mobile application and connect a payment system. The disadvantage of the IEC 61851 protocol is the limited exchange of EVSE data with EV. Because only data on initialization, process and charge stop is transmitted via the exchange channel. The charging station cannot estimate the type of electric car, its characteristics, capacity and battery condition, maximum charging speed, etc. Implementing the above could be useful for creating things like load balancing and the potential for a possible return of electricity to the grid.

scholarly journals Goods Delivery with Electric Vehicles: Electric Vehicle Routing Optimization with Time Windows and Partial or Full Recharge

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Tomislav Erdelić ◽  
Tonči Carić
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Routing ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Neighborhood Search ◽  
Routing Problem ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Routing Optimization ◽  
Mode Of Transport

With the rise of the electric vehicle market share, many logistic companies have started to use electric vehicles for goods delivery. Compared to the vehicles with an internal combustion engine, electric vehicles are considered as a cleaner mode of transport that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions. As electric vehicles have a shorter driving range and have to visit charging stations to replenish their energy, the efficient routing plan is harder to achieve. In this paper, the Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (EVRPTW), which deals with the routing of electric vehicles for the purpose of goods delivery, is observed. Two recharge policies are considered: full recharge and partial recharge. To solve the problem, an Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) metaheuristic based on the ruin-recreate strategy is coupled with a new initial solution heuristic, local search, route removal, and exact procedure for optimal charging station placement. The procedure for the O(1) evaluation in EVRPTW with partial and full recharge strategies is presented. The ALNS was able to find 38 new best solutions on benchmark EVRPTW instances. The results also indicate the benefits and drawbacks of using a partial recharge strategy compared to the full recharge strategy.

Novel Cruise Speed Highway Charging of Electric Vehicles in India

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharat Raj Singh ◽  
Manoj Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Range Anxiety ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Battery Technology ◽  
Commercial Station ◽  
Charging Stations

The utility of all-electric automobiles is limited by various factors. The most important one is the 'range anxiety'; this is a severe limitation on the adoption rates of battery electric vehicles (BEV). There is a periodic need to stop and re-charge or replace the batteries after traveling a relatively short distance. The long time needed to recharge the depleted battery usually necessitates exchanging the battery for a different one at each charging stop, similar to changing horses on a 19th century Stage Coach. Today three levels of recharging are available. Level 1 is using a home electrical system, taking roughly 8 hours to recharge the batteries after depletion at maximum range. Level 2 is charging from a commercial station, taking about 2 hours. Level 3 is high-current charging, which can complete the charging process in 30 minutes. Even Level 3 compares quite unfavorably to the 5 to 10 minutes needed to refill an automobile gasoline tank. Moreover, charging stations are not widely available outside major urban areas. for a few hours at highway speeds, are quite prohibitive. Obviously, these are major obstacles in increasing the market viability of electric automobiles. The issue addressed in this paper is an approach using emerging technologies to overcome the limitations of a BEV. With the current battery technology, the mass and volume needed to carry enough charge to travel. We address these issues by looking at the feasibility of charging automobiles while they are traveling at highway speeds. If this system is implemented, a BEV's effective range could be increased to match the range of an internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle. This would imply that BEVs would be suitable for intercity highway travel, with the assurance of power being available on the go. We developed a model to optimize the number of wireless charging stations required depending on various factors. This model is discussed in detail later in the paper. As seen below, the requirement boils down to delivering roughly 1 kWh per charging station, while the automobile is moving at highway cruise speeds.

scholarly journals Did Attitudes Interpret and Predict “Better” Choice Behaviour towards Innovative and Greener Automotive Technologies? A Hybrid Choice Modelling Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Stefano de Luca ◽  
Roberta Di Pace
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variables ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Choice Modelling ◽  
Choice Behaviour ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Automotive Technology

It is common opinion that traditional approaches used to interpret and model users’ choice behaviour in innovative contexts may lead to neglecting numerous nonquantitative factors that may affect users’ perceptions and behaviours. Indeed, psychological factors, such as attitudes, concerns, and perceptions may play a significant role which should be explicitly modelled. By contrast, collecting psychological factors could be a time and cost consuming activity, and furthermore, real-world applications must rely on theoretical paradigms which are able to easily predict choice/market fractions. The present paper aims to investigate the above-mentioned issues with respect to an innovative automotive technology based on the after-market hybridization of internal combustion engine vehicles. In particular, three main research questions are addressed: (i) whether and how users’ characteristics and attitudes may affect users’ behaviour with respect to new technological (automotive) scenarios (e.g., after-market hybridization kit); (ii) how to better “grasp” users’ attitudes/concerns/perceptions and, in particular, which is the most effective surveying approach to observe users’ attitudes; (iii) to what extent the probability of choosing a new automotive technology is sensitive to attitudes/concerns changes. The choice to install/not install the innovative technology was modelled through a hybrid choice model with latent variables (HCMs), starting from a stated preferences survey in which attitudes were investigated using different types of questioning approaches: direct questioning, indirect questioning, or both approaches. Finally, a comparison with a traditional binomial logit model and a sensitivity analysis was carried out with respect to the instrumental attributes and the attitudes. Obtained results indicate that attitudes are significant in interpreting and predicting users’ behaviour towards the investigated technology and the HCM makes it possible to easily embed psychological factors into a random utility model/framework. Moreover, the explicit simulation of the attitudes allows for a better prediction of users’ choice with respect to the Logit formulation and points out that users’ behaviour may be significantly affected by acting on users’ attitudes.

A review on powertrain subsystems and charging technology in battery electric vehicles: Current and future trends

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110259
Author(s):  
Kunal Wagh ◽  
Pankaj Dhatrak
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Local Pollution ◽  
Battery Electric Vehicles ◽  
Global Emission ◽  
Battery Technology

The transport industry is a major contributor to both local pollution and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). The key challenge today is to mitigate the adverse impacts on the environment caused by road transportation. The volatile market prices and diminishing supplies of fuel have led to an unprecedented interest in battery electric vehicles (BEVs). In addition, improvements in motor efficiencies and significant advances in battery technology have made it easier for BEVs to compete with internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. This paper describes and assesses the latest technologies in different elements of the BEV: powertrain architectures, propulsion and regeneration systems, energy storage systems and charging techniques. The current and future trends of these technologies have been reviewed in detail. Finally, the key issue of electric vehicle component recycling (battery, motor and power electronics) has been discussed. Global emission regulations are pushing the industry towards zero or ultra-low emission vehicles. Thus, by 2025, most cars must have a considerable level of powertrain electrification. As the market share of electric vehicles increases, clear trends have emerged in the development of powertrain systems. However, some significant barriers must be overcome before appreciable market penetration can be achieved. The objective of the current study is to review and provide a complete picture of the current BEV technology and a framework to assist future research in the sector.

scholarly journals The Architecture Design of Electrical Vehicle Infrastructure Using Viable System Model Approach

Systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Mahdi Boucetta ◽  
Niamat Ullah Ibne Hossain ◽  
Raed Jaradat ◽  
Charles Keating ◽  
Siham Tazzit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
System Model ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Viable System Model ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Viable System ◽  
Station Location ◽  
Ev Charging

Exponential technological-based growth in industrialization and urbanization, and the ease of mobility that modern motorization offers have significantly transformed social structures and living standards. As a result, electric vehicles (EVs) have gained widespread popularity as a mode of sustainable transport. The increasing demand for of electric vehicles (EVs) has reduced the some of the environmental issues and urban space requirements for parking and road usage. The current body of EV literature is replete with different optimization and empirical approaches pertaining to the design and analysis of the EV ecosystem; however, probing the EV ecosystem from a management perspective has not been analyzed. To address this gap, this paper develops a systems-based framework to offer rigorous design and analysis of the EV ecosystem, with a focus on charging station location problems. The study framework includes: (1) examination of the EV charging station location problem through the lens of a systems perspective; (2) a systems view of EV ecosystem structure; and (3) development of a reference model for EV charging stations by adopting the viable system model. The paper concludes with the methodological implications and utility of the reference model to offer managerial insights for practitioners and stakeholders.

scholarly journals The Development of Strategies to Reduce Exhaust Emissions from Passenger Cars in Rzeszow City—Poland. A Preliminary Assessment of the Results Produced by the Increase of E-Fleet

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1046
Author(s):  
Maksymilian Mądziel ◽  
Tiziana Campisi ◽  
Artur Jaworski ◽  
Giovanni Tesoriere
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Particulate Concentration ◽  
The Impact

Urban agglomerations close to road infrastructure are particularly exposed to harmful exhaust emissions from motor vehicles and this problem is exacerbated at road intersections. Roundabouts are one of the most popular intersection designs in recent years, making traffic flow smoother and safer, but especially at peak times they are subject to numerous stop-and-go operations by vehicles, which increase the dispersion of emissions with high particulate matter rates. The study focused on a specific area of the city of Rzeszow in Poland. This country is characterized by the current composition of vehicle fleets connected to combustion engine vehicles. The measurement of the concentration of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) by means of a preliminary survey campaign in the vicinity of the intersection made it possible to assess the impact of vehicle traffic on the dispersion of pollutants in the air. The present report presents some strategies to be implemented in the examined area considering a comparison of current and project scenarios characterized both by a modification of the road geometry (through the introduction of a turbo roundabout) and the composition of the vehicular flow with the forthcoming diffusion of electric vehicles. The study presents an exemplified methodology for comparing scenarios aimed at optimizing strategic choices for the local administration and also shows the benefits of an increased electric fleet. By processing the data with specific tools and comparing the scenarios, it was found that a conversion of 25% of the motor vehicles to electric vehicles in the current fleet has reduced the concentration of PM10 by about 30% along the ring road, has led to a significant reduction in the length of particulate concentration of the motorway, and it has also led to a significant reduction in the length of the particulate concentration for the access roads to the intersection.

scholarly journals Energy Management System Optimization of Drug Store Electric Vehicles Charging Station Operation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6163
Author(s):  
Yongyi Huang ◽  
Atsushi Yona ◽  
Hiroshi Takahashi ◽  
Ashraf Mohamed Hemeida ◽  
Paras Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Photovoltaic Power ◽  
Vehicle Charging ◽  
Charging Stations

Electric vehicle charging station have become an urgent need in many communities around the world, due to the increase of using electric vehicles over conventional vehicles. In addition, establishment of charging stations, and the grid impact of household photovoltaic power generation would reduce the feed-in tariff. These two factors are considered to propose setting up charging stations at convenience stores, which would enable the electric energy to be shared between locations. Charging stations could collect excess photovoltaic energy from homes and market it to electric vehicles. This article examines vehicle travel time, basic household energy demand, and the electricity consumption status of Okinawa city as a whole to model the operation of an electric vehicle charging station for a year. The entire program is optimized using MATLAB mixed integer linear programming (MILP) toolbox. The findings demonstrate that a profit could be achieved under the principle of ensuring the charging station’s stable service. Household photovoltaic power generation and electric vehicles are highly dependent on energy sharing between regions. The convenience store charging station service strategy suggested gives a solution to the future issues.

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