scholarly journals Different Antenna Designs for Non-Contact Vital Signs Measurement: A Review

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Gouveia ◽  
Caroline Loss ◽  
Pedro Pinho ◽  
José Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Antenna Design ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
System Requirements

Cardiopulmonary activity measured through contactless means is a hot topic within the research community. The Doppler radar is an approach often used to acquire vital signs in real time and to further estimate their rates, in a remote way and without requiring direct contact with subjects. Many solutions have been proposed in the literature, using different transceivers and operation modes. Nonetheless, all different strategies have a common goal: enhance the system efficiency, reduce the manufacturing cost, and minimize the overall size of the system. Antennas are a key component for these systems since they can influence the radar robustness directly. Therefore, antennas must be designed with care, facing several trade-offs to meet all the system requirements. In this sense, it is necessary to define the proper guidelines that need to be followed in the antenna design. In this manuscript, an extensive review on different antenna designs for non-contact vital signals measurements is presented. It is intended to point out and quantify which parameters are crucial for the optimal radar operation, for non-contact vital signs’ acquisition.

scholarly journals Correction: Park, J.-H. et al. 915-MHz Continuous-Wave Doppler Radar Sensor for Detection of Vital Signs. Electronics 2019, 8, 561

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Park ◽  
Jeong ◽  
Lee ◽  
Oh ◽  
Yang
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Radar Sensor ◽  
Continuous Wave Doppler ◽  
Published Paper

The authors wish to make the following corrections to the published paper [...]

scholarly journals Cubesat Antenna Analysis and Design: Are you using the right computational electromagnetic tool?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
I. Latachi ◽  
T. Rachidi ◽  
M. Karim
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Antenna System ◽  
Antenna Design ◽  
Design Processes ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
Communication Links ◽  
The Right

Antenna systems play a critical role in establishing wireless communication links and sustaining remote sensing requirements for Cubesat applications. In addition to the usual antenna design requirements, Cubesat-based spacecrafts impose additional stringent constraints related to the on-board available space, power consumption and development costs. To develop optimal antenna prototypes while considering all these constraints and decrease trial and error related costs, computational electromagnetics (CEM) simulation tools are used. The accuracy of simulation results depends to a great extent on the choice of the appropriate CEM tool for the particular antenna problem to be analyzed; ergo, identifying and answering key questions about design objectives and requirements is necessary for informed decision-making throughout the selection and design processes. However, this could be quite challenging because of existing gaps both in the practitioners’ knowledge about different CEM tools capabilities, limitations, and design know-how. This is especially true for non-specialists such as students and academics involved in student driven Cubesat projects. Therefore, the rationale of this manuscript is to bridge those gaps and clarify some common misconception commonly encountered during the selection and design processes. In that regard, first, an overview of existing antenna configurations commonly used in Cubesat communications is provided. Next, antenna design general workflow is presented. Then, capabilities and limitations of different CEM solving methods are presented. After that, CEM software selection process trade-offs and possible sources of errors are discussed from a practical viewpoint. Finally, a case study of Masat-1 antenna system design is presented as practical example.

scholarly journals Radar-Based Non-Contact Continuous Identity Authentication

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shekh Md Mahmudul Islam ◽  
Olga Borić-Lubecke ◽  
Yao Zheng ◽  
Victor M. Lubecke
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Identity Authentication ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Vital Signs Monitoring ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Physiological Sensing

Non-contact vital signs monitoring using microwave Doppler radar has shown great promise in healthcare applications. Recently, this unobtrusive form of physiological sensing has also been gaining attention for its potential for continuous identity authentication, which can reduce the vulnerability of traditional one-pass validation authentication systems. Physiological Doppler radar is an attractive approach for continuous identity authentication as it requires neither contact nor line-of-sight and does not give rise to privacy concerns associated with video imaging. This paper presents a review of recent advances in radar-based identity authentication systems. It includes an evaluation of the applicability of different research efforts in authentication using respiratory patterns and heart-based dynamics. It also identifies aspects of future research required to address remaining challenges in applying unobtrusive respiration-based or heart-based identity authentication to practical systems. With the advancement of machine learning and artificial intelligence, radar-based continuous authentication can grow to serve a wide range of valuable functions in society.

scholarly journals Software-Defined Doppler Radar Sensor for Human Breathing Detection

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 3085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Costanzo
Keyword(s):  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Phase Correlation ◽  
Wireless Sensing ◽  
Radar Sensor ◽  
Human Respiration ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Radio Transceiver

Non-contact wireless sensing approaches have emerged in recent years, in order to enable novel enhanced developments in the framework of healthcare and biomedical scenarios. One of these technologically advanced solutions is given by software-defined radar platforms, a low-cost radar implementation, where all operations are implemented and easily changed via software. In the present paper, a software-defined radar implementation with Doppler elaboration features is presented, to be applied for the non-contact monitoring of human respiration signals. A quadrature receiver I/Q (In-phase/Quadrature) architecture is adopted in order to overcome the critical issues related to the occurrences of null detection points, while the phase-locked loop components included in the software defined radio transceiver are successfully exploited to guarantee the phase correlation between I/Q signal components. The proposed approach leads to a compact, low-cost, and flexible radar solution, whose application abilities may be simply changed via software, with no need for hardware modifications. Experimental results on a human target are discussed so as to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach for vital signs detection.

scholarly journals A Novel Vital-Sign Sensing Algorithm for Multiple Subjects Based on 24-GHz FMCW Doppler Radar

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunjae Lee ◽  
Byung-Hyun Kim ◽  
Jin-Kwan Park ◽  
Jong-Gwan Yook
Keyword(s):  
Vital Sign ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Spectral Estimation ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Phase Information ◽  
Multiple Targets ◽  
Wave Radar ◽  
24 Ghz

A novel non-contact vital-sign sensing algorithm for use in cases of multiple subjects is proposed. The approach uses a 24 GHz frequency-modulated continuous-wave Doppler radar with the parametric spectral estimation method. Doppler processing and spectral estimation are concurrently implemented to detect vital signs from more than one subject, revealing excellent results. The parametric spectral estimation method is utilized to clearly identify multiple targets, making it possible to distinguish multiple targets located less than 40 cm apart, which is beyond the limit of the theoretical range resolution. Fourier transformation is used to extract phase information, and the result is combined with the spectral estimation result. To eliminate mutual interference, the range integration is performed when combining the range and phase information. By considering breathing and heartbeat periodicity, the proposed algorithm can accurately extract vital signs in real time by applying an auto-regressive algorithm. The capability of a contactless and unobtrusive vital sign measurement with a millimeter wave radar system has innumerable applications, such as remote patient monitoring, emergency surveillance, and personal health care.

scholarly journals Review-Microwave Radar Sensing Systems for Search and Rescue Purposes

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 2879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Phuoc Van ◽  
Liqiong Tang ◽  
Veysel Demir ◽  
Syed Faraz Hasan ◽  
Nguyen Duc Minh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
System Architectures ◽  
Radar Sensors ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Microwave Radar ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Location Detection ◽  
Radar Sensing

This paper presents a survey of recent developments using Doppler radar sensor in searching and locating an alive person under debris or behind a wall. Locating a human and detecting the vital signs such as breathing rate and heartbeat using a microwave sensor is a non-invasive technique. Recently, many hardware structures, signal processing approaches, and integrated systems have been introduced by researchers in this field. The purpose is to enhance the accuracy of vital signs’ detection and location detection and reduce energy consumption. This work concentrates on the representative research on sensing systems that can find alive people under rubble when an earthquake or other disasters occur. In this paper, various operating principles and system architectures for finding survivors using the microwave radar sensors are reviewed. A comparison between these systems is also discussed.

Optimum Design of Control System Compensators

1978 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-151
Author(s):  
K. A. Afimiwala ◽  
R. W. Mayne
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Design Criterion ◽  
Speed Of Response ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Sensitivity Curves ◽  
Contour Plots ◽  
System Requirements ◽  
Reference Input

Compensators are designed for a plant to optimize its transient response during load disturbances and changes in reference input, and subject to constraints on plant input, peak displacements during the transients, and speed of response. Optimum controller parameters are determined here by making a sequence of 2D minimizations, approximating the design criterion and constraints with polynomials, and using contour plots for estimating the 2D minimums. Contour plots generated help identify the feasible design region and show the influence of the design variables and constraints on the system performance. Finally, sensitivity curves are generated at the optimum to aid the designer in making trade-offs between competing objectives and to select a new design when system requirements are modified.

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