A Review of Urban Wind Energy Research: Aerodynamics and Other Challenges

Urban wind energy research is crucial for the success or failure of wind turbines installed in the built environment. Research in this field is fragmented into various research groups working on different topics in isolation with seemingly few efforts of integrating the various fields. This review aims at highlighting the synergies between the various advances, particularly in aerodynamics, but also in other areas. Past and current work has been focused on establishing reliable wind statistics at the site of interest. Advances in building aerodynamics have provided new insight on the local flow occurring at the rotor location. An outlook toward future research and the need to treat the different flow scales in a holistic manner is emphasized given also the recent advances in rotor aerodynamics related to the effect of flow skewness and turbulence. This will shed light on the critical issues that need to be addressed by scientists in order to make urban wind energy viable for decentralized generation. Various other present challenges are discussed briefly including structural aspects, noise emissions, economics and visual impact. Research in this field should be the guidepost for more targeted certification standards, in an effort to regularize the small wind energy market.

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Wind energy research: State-of-the-art and future research directions

Renewable Energy ◽

10.1016/j.renene.2018.02.049 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 125 ◽

pp. 133-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

D.J. Willis ◽

C. Niezrecki ◽

D. Kuchma ◽

E. Hines ◽

S.R. Arwade ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wind Energy ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Future Research ◽

Energy Research ◽

Research Directions ◽

Future Research Directions

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A Scientometric Assessment of Wind Energy Research Productivity: A Scientometric Study

International Journal of Scientific Research ◽

10.15373/22778179/may2013/113 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 333-336

Author(s):

P. Kanagavel P. Kanagavel ◽

◽

Dr. S. Gomathinayagam Dr. S. Gomathinayagam ◽

Dr. S.Srinivasaragavan Dr. S.Srinivasaragavan ◽

Dr. R.U. Ramasamy Dr. R.U. Ramasamy

Keyword(s):

Wind Energy ◽

Research Productivity ◽

Energy Research ◽

Scientometric Study ◽

Scientometric Assessment

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The Importance of the Posterolateral Area of the Diaphragm Muscle for Palpation and for the Treatment of Manual Osteopathic Medicine

Complementary Medicine Research ◽

10.1159/000517507 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Bruno Bordoni ◽

Stevan Walkowski ◽

Allan Escher ◽

Bruno Ducoux

Keyword(s):

Functional Anatomy ◽

Diaphragm Muscle ◽

Physiological Data ◽

Future Research ◽

Physical Aspect ◽

Osteopathic Medicine ◽

Self Healing ◽

Hands On ◽

Critical Issues ◽

Solid Foundation

The eupneic act in healthy subjects involves a coordinated combination of functional anatomy and neurological activation. Neurologically, a central pattern generator, the components of which are distributed between the brainstem and the spinal cord, are hypothesized to drive the process and are modeled mathematically. A functionally anatomical approach is easier to understand although just as complex. Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is part of osteopathic medicine, which has many manual techniques to approach the human body, trying to improve the patient’s homeostatic response. The principle on which OMT is based is the stimulation of self-healing processes, researching the intrinsic physiological mechanisms of the person, taking into consideration not only the physical aspect, but also the emotional one and the context in which the patient lives. This article reviews how the diaphragm muscle moves, with a brief discussion on anatomy and the respiratory neural network. The goal is to highlight the critical issues of OMT on the correct positioning of the hands on the posterolateral area of the diaphragm around the diaphragm, trying to respect the existing scientific anatomical-physiological data, and laying a solid foundation for improving the data obtainable from future research. The correctness of the position of the operator’s hands in this area allows a more effective palpatory perception and, consequently, a probably more incisive result on the respiratory function.

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Sustainable Waste Management Innovations in Africa: New Perspectives and Research Agenda for Improving Global Health

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13126646 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 6646

Author(s):

Frederick Ahen ◽

Joseph Amankwah-Amoah

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Future Research ◽

Limited Attention ◽

Business Practices ◽

Sustainable Waste Management ◽

Production And Consumption ◽

Incorrect Diagnosis ◽

Critical Issues ◽

Green Business ◽

Research Questions

The need for green business practices and green innovations underscores a growing recognition that climate change is now an existential threat not just to population health but also to the survival of businesses that are unable to embrace green practices with a sense of urgency. This paper contributes to the literature on market violence as an inhibitor of green innovations for sustainable waste management to curb the unneeded health effects of wastes in Africa. Our purpose is to problematize received wisdom, unquestioned assumptions, and incorrect diagnosis of the sources and health consequences of various forms of wastes in Africa. Much of the discourse on this issue remains ahistorical, and that risks leaving aside a vital question of exploitative extraction. By including this ‘out-of-the-box’ explanation through major case references, we are able to shed light on the critical issues that have hitherto received limited attention, thus enabling us to propose useful research questions for future enquiries. We propose a framework that delineates the structural composition of costs imposed by market violence that ranges from extraction to e-waste disposal. We advocate for the engineering of policies that create conditions for doing more with less resources, eliminating waste, and recycling as crucial steps in creating sustainable waste management innovations. Additionally, we highlight a set of fundamental issues regarding enablers and inhibitors of sustainable innovations and policies for waste management worth considering for future research. These include programmed obsolescence, irresponsible extraction, production, and consumption, all seen through the theoretical lens of market violence.

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Prepare for Impact? Reflecting on Knowledge Exchange Work to Improve Services for Older LGBT People in Times of Austerity

Social Policy and Society ◽

10.1017/s1474746413000523 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 15-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Andrew King

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Knowledge Exchange ◽

Future Research ◽

Local Government Authority ◽

Critical Issues ◽

Economic Austerity ◽

Lgbt People ◽

Government Authority

This article reflects on the experience of undertaking a knowledge exchange project with a local government authority to improve services for older lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans (LGBT) adults. It frames this project in terms of local government equality work, existing research and initiatives concerning older LGBT people and the coming of austerity. The project methodology is detailed, including discussion of the generation and measurement of impact. Some critical issues that arose during the project are considered, including suggestions that these may have been related to economic austerity. The article concludes that although knowledge exchange work with older LGBT people faces challenges in such times, future research and initiatives are warranted.

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High-frequency oscillations and the neurobiology of schizophrenia

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience ◽

10.31887/dcns.2013.15.3/puhlhaas ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 301-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

Large Scale ◽

Oscillatory Activity ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Neural Oscillations ◽

Future Research ◽

Normal Brain ◽

Brain Functions ◽

Critical Issues ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Neural oscillations at low- and high-frequency ranges are a fundamental feature of large-scale networks. Recent evidence has indicated that schizophrenia is associated with abnormal amplitude and synchrony of oscillatory activity, in particular, at high (beta/gamma) frequencies. These abnormalities are observed during task-related and spontaneous neuronal activity which may be important for understanding the pathophysiology of the syndrome. In this paper, we shall review the current evidence for impaired beta/gamma-band oscillations and their involvement in cognitive functions and certain symptoms of the disorder. In the first part, we will provide an update on neural oscillations during normal brain functions and discuss underlying mechanisms. This will be followed by a review of studies that have examined high-frequency oscillatory activity in schizophrenia and discuss evidence that relates abnormalities of oscillatory activity to disturbed excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance. Finally, we shall identify critical issues for future research in this area.

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Teaching and Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study on Elementary School Teachers in Indonesia

The Qualitative Report ◽

10.46743/2160-3715/2021.5079 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kartika Yulianti ◽

Amirul Mukminin

Keyword(s):

Elementary School Teachers ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Teaching And Learning ◽

School Closure ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Future Research ◽

Demographic Profiles ◽

Critical Issues ◽

Barriers To Teaching ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

In this study, we explored how teachers in elementary schools in urban and rural areas in Indonesia experienced teaching and learning during school closure or learning from home (LFH) period and examined the barriers that hindered the teaching and learning process in both contexts. We collected data through demographic profiles and semi-structured in-depth interviews with 18 teachers. We organized our analysis around their perspectives on teaching and learning during COVID-19 pandemic that they encountered emerged. Overall, an analysis of the text revealed that major themes related to the critical issues of (1) teaching and learning activities during school closure, (2) how teachers assess students’ learning progress, (3) how teachers maintained students’ motivation during learning from home period, (4) the most challenging subject to teach during the learning from home period, (5) support from school or the principals, parents’ ability to assist children learn during the pandemic, and (6) barriers to teaching and learning during the learning from home period. Future research and policy implications are also discussed.

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Wind Energy and Adverse Visual-Impact Litigation: A Balance of Global and Local Interests?

Climate Law ◽

10.1163/18786561-00603008 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (3-4) ◽

pp. 336-352

Author(s):

Natalie Jones

Keyword(s):

Wind Energy ◽

Wind Farm ◽

Energy Development ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Comparative Approach ◽

Visual Amenity ◽

Visual Impact ◽

Wind Energy Development ◽

Slow Wind ◽

Global And Local

Wind energy is one of the world’s fastest growing forms of energy. It has many advantages over traditional forms of energy. However, visual impact is a disadvantage. Although planning applications for wind-farm developments are on the rise worldwide, the visual impact of potential developments repeatedly provokes opposition to new wind-farm projects. Litigation aimed at enjoining the construction of wind-energy facilities can slow wind-energy development and increase its cost. This article takes a comparative approach to such visual-impact litigation, looking at cases from Australia, New Zealand, and England in order to understand why planning cases are much more likely to succeed in some jurisdictions than others. I argue that in some jurisdictions decision-makers and courts are impliedly prioritizing the global, national, and local interests in favour of wind-farm development over the national and local interests in favour of landscape and visual-amenity protection.

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