scholarly journals Crop Characteristics of Aquatic Macrophytes for Use as a Substrate in Anaerobic Digestion Plants—A Study from Germany

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Moeller ◽  
Aline Bauer ◽  
Harald Wedwitschka ◽  
Walter Stinner ◽  
Andreas Zehnsdorf
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Aquatic Biomass ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Boat Traffic ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio

Several thousand metric tonnes of aquatic biomass are removed from water bodies every year, so that these waters can continue to be used for ship and boat traffic and for leisure activities. The mowed material is generally disposed off without any further use. Therefore, the crop properties of samples from 39 weed control measures all over Germany were examined to assess the suitability of aquatic plant biomass as a substrate for anaerobic digestion systems. Analysis of the crop samples consisted of the identification of plant species and the evaluation of sediment contents and concentrations of macroelements. The methane yield was determined for selected aquatic plants. Analysis revealed a carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N) of between 10 and 20 in 74% of samples. The concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorous in the samples were comparable to grass silages. With regard to heavy metal concentrations, the threshold values for biowaste for nickel, zinc, and cadmium were exceeded in three samples. There were no significant seasonal differences in substrate characteristics and qualities. The specific methane yields of individual aquatic plants were between 142 and 372 LCH4/kg volatile solids (VS). The results of this study showed that aquatic macrophytes can be used as substrates in anaerobic digestion plants without any restrictions.

scholarly journals Accumulation of trace metals by aquatic macrophytes and their possible use in phytoremediation techniques

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Michaela Hillermannová ◽  
Radovan Kopp ◽  
Ivo Sukop ◽  
Tomáš Vítek
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Ecological Group ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
The Individual

The aim of the performed research was to obtain knowledge on the ability of aquatic plants naturally growing at a site to absorb trace metals contained in bottom sediments and surface water. Furthermore, we compared differences in the accumulation of trace metals by the individual groups of aquatic plants (submerged and emergent) and assessed a possible use of the individual plant species in phytoremediation techniques. Representative samples of water, sediments and aquatic macrophytes were taken from three anthropogenically loaded streams in six monitoring cycles in several collection profiles differing in the distance from a source of contamination. The samples were analysed for the total content of selected trace metals (As, Cd, Pb, Al, Hg, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni and Cu). For comparison, one profile at an unloaded site was sampled as well. The obtained results were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis of data. Increased contents of Fe, Al, Mn, Cr and Zn were detected in sediments and plant biomass at loaded sites, namely 2–3× higher than at the comparing site. The contents of metals in surface water samples were altogether below the detection limit of the analytical method. When evaluating the individual plant species, we can state that the lowest contents of metals were detected in shore species (reed canary grass Phalaroides arundinacea, wood club-rush Scirpus silvaticus and red dock Rumex aquaticus); plant species growing in the very water current (water star-wort Callitriche sp. and flote-grass Glyceria fluitans) exhibited mean contents of metals. In species forming mats (Fontinalis antipyretica and Cladophora sp.), these contents were several times higher as compared to the previous species. The results of the performed research show that one of important factors, which influence the accumulation of trace metals in plants, is their ecological group (emergent – submerged) affiliation and the species classification within this group. Based on the evaluated data, we can recommend species of moss and algae that form mats eventually species growing in the very water flow for the future use in phytoremediation techniques.

scholarly journals Biochemical Composition of Some Selected Aquatic Macrophytes Under Ex-Situ Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Harich And Hazra ◽  
Md Al Mujaddade Alfasane ◽  
Sharmin Kauser ◽  
Umme Fatema Shahjadee ◽  
Moniruzzaman Khondker
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Ipomoea Aquatica ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

Ex-situ culture studies of five selected aquatic macrophytes, namely Nymphaea nouchali Burm. f., Enhydra fluctuans Lour., Ipomoea aquatica Forsk., Hygroryza aristata (Retz.) Nees ex Wight & Arn. and Limnocharis flava (L.) Buch. were carried out. Comparing the biochemical composition of the above mentioned five aquatic macrophytes, on an average, Enhydra fluctuans was found to contain highest amounts of proteins (18.20%) and Ipomoea aquatica contains highest amounts of carbohydrate (58.60%). Lowest amounts of proteins (14.35%) were recorded in Hygroryza aristata and Limnocharis flava. On the other hand lowest amounts of carbohydrates were obtained in Nymphaea nouchali. Ipomoea aquatica contained highest amounts of energy (321.23 kcal) and lowest amount was observed in Limnocharis flava. The five aquatic plants were low in fiber, fat and also in ash. Among all the five aquatic macrophytes, highest values of calcium and phosphorus were found to be present in Limnocharis flava and iron was highest in Nymphaea nouchali. Lowest values of calcium and phosphorus were present in Ipomoea aquatica and lowest amount of iron was present in Limnochris flava. The present study demonstrated that, these five aquatic macrophytes are the important sources of carbohydrate, protein and minerals, which are suitable for incorporation in human diet and feed also. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 44(1): 53-60, June 2018

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal from Simulated Wastewater with Aquatic Macrophytes

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2597-2603
Author(s):  
Na He ◽  
Zhan Xiang Sun ◽  
Yu Long Zhang ◽  
Ming Da Liu
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Emergent Plants ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Simulated Wastewater ◽  
Floating Plants

This study focused on the comparisons between nitrogen and phosphorus removal rates from the simulated wastewater using various kinds of aquatic plants (4 emergent and 3 floating plants). Results showed that aquatic plants has a significant effect on the removal of NO3--N and TP, but has a less effect on NH4+-N. Among the four emergent plants, the order of NO3--N removal capacities was: S. sagittifolia > S. tabernaemontani > T. latifolia > A. calamus. But for TP, the order was: T. latifolia > A. calamus > S. tabernaemontani > S. sagittifolia. To the floating plants, the order of NO3--N and TP removal capacities were: E. crassipes > P. stratiotes. The ANOVA analyses showed that there was a significant difference between planted treatments and unplanted treatment for the removal of NO3--N and TP. The study suggests that the treatment of simulated wastewater using the aquatic macrophytes was effective in the removal of nutrients.

Modeling anaerobic digestion of aquatic plants by rumen cultures: Cattail as an example

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 2047-2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bai-Hang Zhao ◽  
Zheng-Bo Yue ◽  
Bing-Jie Ni ◽  
Yang Mu ◽  
Han-Qing Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Aquatic Plants

scholarly journals Arsenic, Zinc, and Aluminium Removal from Gold Mine Wastewater Effluents and Accumulation by Submerged Aquatic Plants (Cabomba piauhyensis,Egeria densa, andHydrilla verticillata)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Farid Abu Bakar ◽  
Ismail Yusoff ◽  
Ng Tham Fatt ◽  
Faridah Othman ◽  
Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Hydrilla Verticillata ◽  
The Other ◽  
Egeria Densa ◽  
Submerged Aquatic Plant

The potential of three submerged aquatic plant species (Cabomba piauhyensis, Egeria densa, andHydrilla verticillata) to be used for As, Al, and Zn phytoremediation was tested. The plants were exposed for 14 days under hydroponic conditions to mine waste water effluents in order to assess the suitability of the aquatic plants to remediate elevated multi-metals concentrations in mine waste water. The results show that theE. densaandH. verticillataare able to accumulate high amount of arsenic (95.2%) and zinc (93.7%) and resulted in a decrease of arsenic and zinc in the ambient water. On the other hand,C. piauhyensisshows remarkable aluminium accumulation in plant biomass (83.8%) compared to the other tested plants. The ability of these plants to accumulate the studied metals and survive throughout the experiment demonstrates the potential of these plants to remediate metal enriched water especially for mine drainage effluent. Among the three tested aquatic plants,H. verticillatawas found to be the most applicable (84.5%) and suitable plant species to phytoremediate elevated metals and metalloid in mine related waste water.

Use of aquatic plants to create fluctuating hypoxia in an experimental environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Flint ◽  
Richard G. Pearson ◽  
Michael R. Crossland
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Freshwater Systems ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Experimental Environment ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Minimal Effort ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration ◽  
Behavioural Adaptations

In freshwater systems, dissolved oxygen (DO) saturation frequently fluctuates, falling at night and rising during the day in response to respiration and photosynthesis, respectively, of aquatic biota. Low DO (hypoxia) is a common cause of fish kills in freshwater systems around the world. Laboratory studies on responses of fish to fluctuating DO are currently limited, and require techniques that produce a realistic cycle of DO depletion and replacement. Artificial DO-depletion mechanisms frequently used for hypoxia studies may underestimate the field effects of hypoxia on fish because of the lack of the naturally occurring synergistic effect of lower pH, and seldom allow fish to employ behavioural adaptations to hypoxia, such as aquatic surface respiration. We demonstrate proof-of-principle for an alternative method of creating fluctuating hypoxia in an experimental environment, using the natural rhythms of photosynthesis and respiration of aquatic plants to create realistic conditions. A range of volumes of aquatic macrophytes were used alone and in combination with fish to lower DO saturation in sealed freshwater aquaria, and achieved DO saturations as low as 1.3%. This cost-effective method can be deployed over long periods with minimal effort in comparison to traditional methods of DO reduction.

An evaluation of the interactions between freshwater pulmonate snail hosts of human schistosomes and macrophytes

1987 ◽  
Vol 315 (1170) ◽  
pp. 75-125 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Pulmonate Snail ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Freshwater Pulmonate Snail

An account is given of a laboratory investigation designed to evaluate the extent to which the freshwater pulmonate snail Biomphalaria glabrata (Say) can utilize various species of aquatic plants, mainly macrophytes, when presented in the following forms over different time scales: (i) normal plants; (ii) dried plant material; (iii) homogenized plant material in calcium alginate matrices; (iv) water-soluble filtrates of plant homogenates in the medium. The following propositions, derived from the theory of phased coevolution of components of the module consisting of the epiphytic bacteria, algae, snails and macrophytes, are evaluated on the basis of the present results and others including those obtained in this laboratory, (i) That as the snails had become specialized to exploit surface communities of epiphytic algae, decaying plant material and dissolved organic matter (DOM) early in their evolutionary history they would continue to exploit these resources when they later become associated with aquatic macrophytes, (ii) That pulmonate snails would tend to be feeding generalists capable of adapting to food of varying chemical composition, given sufficient time, provided it was sufficiently small or flaccid, (iii) That although macrophytes and snails show a strong positive relationship, the living macrophyte tissue would be little used by the snails, (iv) That the hard outer envelope, inherited from their terrestrial ancestors, would remain as the major defence mechanism of aquatic macrophytes against attack by snails and other aquatic invertebrates, (v) That aquatic macrophytes would invest little in the nutrient deficiency strategy to reduce attack by invertebrates such as snails, (vi) That truly aquatic submerged macrophytes would not possess secondary plant compounds (SPC) that would be molluscicidal. (vii) Emergent parts of sub- aquatic or aquatic plants might be expected to be better sources of SPC with molluscicidal factors than submerged aquatic plants, (viii) Species of epiphytic or planktonic algae might be better sources of SPC with molluscicidal effects than aquatic macrophytes, (ix) That the strategies developed by pulmonate snails for obtaining their energy supplies would not be conducive to rapid speciation. The analysis of the present and other related results supports these propositions. Predictions based on the theory of mutualism involving the snails, macrophytes and other components of the module also receive some support from an analysis of the present results. The additional empirical work that could be undertaken to test this theory is briefly discussed. Possible reasons are given for the differences between the nature of the interactions involving herbivores and plants in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems.

scholarly journals COVID-19 outbreaks in a transmission control scenario: challenges posed by social and leisure activities, and for workers in vulnerable conditions, Spain, early summer 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (35) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Transmission Control ◽  
Sporadic Cases

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 community-wide transmission declined in Spain by early May 2020, being replaced by outbreaks and sporadic cases. From mid-June to 2 August, excluding single household outbreaks, 673 outbreaks were notified nationally, 551 active (>6,200 cases) at the time. More than half of these outbreaks and cases coincided with: (i) social (family/friends’ gatherings or leisure venues) and (ii) occupational (mainly involving workers in vulnerable conditions) settings. Control measures were accordingly applied.

Classification and ordination of aquatic macrophytes in the Pongolo River Pans, Natal

Bothalia ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 11 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Musil ◽  
J. O. Grunow ◽  
C. H. Bornman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
North East ◽  
River Flood ◽  
Components Analysis

The physiography, soils and climate are briefly described for the Pongolo River flood plain pans situated in north-east Zululand (27 S, 32 E), Natal, South Africa. Quantitative vegetation data ob­tained from 60 stands distributed over 9 pans were summarized using a Braun-Blanquet procedure and a Principal Components Analysis (PCA). Both approaches indicated that the aquatic vegetation could be subdivided into two main groups of growth forms: the submerged and the floating and/or rooted-floating aquatic plants, each showing a distribution influenced primarily by physical factors such as exposure and depth of water. In the PCA, each of the above groups was defined by two stand noda, each nodum representing a plant community that could be observed in the field. The Braun- Blanquet analysis further subdivided the floating and/or rooted-floating aquatic plants into groups of species on the basis of chemical and substrate factors.

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