scholarly journals Improved CRM Model for Inter-Well Connectivity Estimation and Production Optimization: Case Study for Karst Reservoirs

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daigang Wang ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Chenji Wei ◽  
Yuwei Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Carbonate Reservoirs ◽  
Karst Reservoir ◽  
Control Step ◽  
Multi Phase Flow

Due to the coexistence of multiple types of reservoir bodies and widely distributed aquifer support in karst carbonate reservoirs, it remains a great challenge to understand the reservoir flow dynamics based on traditional capacitance–resistance (CRM) models and Darcy’s percolation theory. To solve this issue, an improved injector–producer-pair-based CRM model coupling the effect of active aquifer support was first developed and combined with the newly-developed Stochastic Simplex Approximate Gradient (StoSAG) optimization algorithm for accurate inter-well connectivity estimation in a waterflood operation. The improved CRM–StoSAG workflow was further applied for real-time production optimization to find the optimal water injection rate at each control step by maximizing the net present value of production. The case study conducted for a typical karst reservoir indicated that the proposed workflow can provide good insight into complex multi-phase flow behaviors in karst carbonate reservoirs. Low connectivity coefficient and time delay constant most likely refer to active aquifer support through a high-permeable flow channel. Moreover, the injector–producer pair may be interconnected by complex fissure zones when both the connectivity coefficient and time delay constant are relatively large.

scholarly journals Developing a new technique for the simultaneous optimization of both segmented time and injection rate for water flooding reservoirs: An analysis of Shengli Oilfield XIN-42 reservoir block

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 2356-2369
Author(s):  
Yinfei Ma ◽  
Anfeng Shi ◽  
Xiaohong Wang ◽  
Baoguo Tan ◽  
Hongxia Sun
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Adjustment Costs ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Simultaneous Optimization ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Oil Production Optimization

The adjustment and control of the water injection rate is a commonly used method for increasing the cumulative oil production of waterflooded reservoirs. This article studies the production optimization problem under the condition of a fixed total water injection rate. The production process is divided into several segments. Considering the correlation between the segment’s time intervals and the well’s injection rate distribution, a simultaneous optimization of both segmented time and injection rate is proposed for enhancing net present value. Both empirical simulations and field application demonstrate that the suggested methods produce the highest increase in net present value – of approximately 13% and 10%, respectively – and significantly improve water flooding efficiency compared to other conventional schemes, such as segmented oil production optimization, cumulative oil production optimization and Bang-Bang control. The proposed methods under a 2-segment division increase oil production efficiency and greatly reduce adjustment costs.

scholarly journals Injection-production optimization of carbonate reservoir based on an inter-well connectivity model

2021 ◽  
pp. 014459872199465
Author(s):  
Yuhui Zhou ◽  
Sheng Lei ◽  
Xuebiao Du ◽  
Shichang Ju ◽  
Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
History Matching ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Carbonate Reservoir ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Carbonate Reservoirs ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Connectivity Model

Carbonate reservoirs are highly heterogeneous. During waterflooding stage, the channeling phenomenon of displacing fluid in high-permeability layers easily leads to early water breakthrough and high water-cut with low recovery rate. To quantitatively characterize the inter-well connectivity parameters (including conductivity and connected volume), we developed an inter-well connectivity model based on the principle of inter-well connectivity and the geological data and development performance of carbonate reservoirs. Thus, the planar water injection allocation factors and water injection utilization rate of different layers can be obtained. In addition, when the proposed model is integrated with automatic history matching method and production optimization algorithm, the real-time oil and water production can be optimized and predicted. Field application demonstrates that adjusting injection parameters based on the model outputs results in a 1.5% increase in annual oil production, which offers significant guidance for the efficient development of similar oil reservoirs. In this study, the connectivity method was applied to multi-layer real reservoirs for the first time, and the injection and production volume of injection-production wells were repeatedly updated based on multiple iterations of water injection efficiency. The correctness of the method was verified by conceptual calculations and then applied to real reservoirs. So that the oil field can increase production in a short time, and has good application value.

Reinforcement Learning From Pixels: Waterflooding Optimization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruslan Miftakhov ◽  
Igor Efremov ◽  
Abdulaziz S. Al-Qasim
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Vertical Section ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Simulation Engine ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods in the petroleum industry gain traction in recent years. In this paper, Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) is used to maximize the Net Present Value (NPV) of waterflooding by changing the water injection rate. This research is the first step towards showing that the use of pixel information for reinforcement learning provides many advantages, such as a fundamental understanding of reservoir physics by controlling changes in pressure and saturation without directly accounting for the reservoir petrophysical properties and wells. The optimization routine based on RL by pixel data is tested on the 2D model, which is a vertical section of the SPE 10 model. It has been shown that RL can optimize waterflooding in a 2D compressible reservoir with the 2-phase flow (oil-water). The proposed optimization method is an iterative process. In the first few thousands of updates, NPV remains in the baseline since it takes more time to converge from raw pixel data than to use classical well production/injection rate information. RL optimization resulted in improving the NPV by 15 percent, where the optimum scenario shows less watercut values and more stable production in contrast to baseline optimization. Additionally, we evaluated the impact of selecting the different action set for optimization and examined two cases where water injection well can change injection pressure with a step of 200 psi and 600 psi. The results show that in the second case, RL optimization is exploiting the limitation of the reservoir simulation engine and tries to imitate a cycled injection regime, which results in a 7% higher NPV than the first case.

Achieving Injectivity Optimization and Zonal Rates Allocation through Multi-Zone Intelligent Completion Technology – A Field B Case Study from Offshore Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuziana Tusimin ◽  
Latief Riyanto ◽  
Nurul Aula A'akif Fadzil ◽  
Nur Syazana Sadan ◽  
Asba Mazidah Abu Bakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Pressure Support ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Fluid Distribution ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Reservoir Pressure ◽  
Well Completion ◽  
Ic Technology

Abstract Properly distributing injected fluid to provide injection conformance and reservoir pressure support into the respective zones of interest in mature fields can be challenging. This challenge, with injection fluid distribution, is typically encountered in fields with high contrast in permeability, reservoir pressure, and injectivity indexes among individual zones. Deployment of intelligent completion (IC) technology to address this challenge has rapidly increased, especially in multi-zone water injector wells, due to its capabilities for real-time reservoir monitoring and control of the fluid injected into multiple zones without requiring well interventions. This paper presents a case study of successful installation of IC technology in two water injector wells in Field B offshore Sarawak. The main objective of the IC implementation is to provide an efficient water-injection method for pressure support to the nearby oil producers and counteract the gas expansion through water injection at the flank area. Water injection implementation using the IC approach can further develop the oil rims and improve oil recovery in the particular reservoir to extend the field's production life. The custom tailored inflow control valve (ICV) design is robust enough to provide control of desired zonal injection rates. Each well was installed with two sets of ICVs to control the injection rate for each dedicated zone as well as a real-time permanent downhole gauge (PDG) to monitor the pressure drop across the ICV for zonal rates allocation / analysis. Apart from conceptual and detailed engineering study of the applied IC technology, proper downhole equipment selection and integration with surface facilities are also crucial to ensure successful implementation of the IC system as a holistic solution to achieve the injection objective. Post well completion installation, a water injectivity test was performed in both the selective and commingle injection modes. During selective injection testing, different positions of the ICV were manipulated and the water injection rate was monitored. This testing approach was performed for each ICV in the well. Post selective injection testing, commingle testing was conducted at the base 9,000 bwpd and maximum injection target of 18,000 bwpd, in which the testing was successfully executed to achieve the maximum well target injection rate. This paper shall discuss the reservoir management strategy through deployment of the water injectors, conceptual well completion design, and multi-zone injectivity requirements. Details such as ICV design using pre-drill and post-drill information, final well completion strategy, pre-installation preparation, installation optimization, execution of the IC deployment, injectivity test procedure, and results are discussed as well.

Long-lead seasonal rainfall forecasting using time-delay recurrent neural networks: a case study

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Karamouz ◽  
Saman Razavi ◽  
Shahab Araghinejad
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Recurrent Neural Networks ◽  
Seasonal Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Forecasting

scholarly journals Experimental investigation on water-injected twin-screw compressor for fuel cell humidification

2012 ◽  
Vol 226 (12) ◽  
pp. 2925-2932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talal Ous ◽  
Elvedin Mujic ◽  
Nikola Stosic
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack ◽  
Balance Of Plant ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Mass Flow Rates

Water injection in twin-screw compressors was examined in order to develop effective humidification and cooling schemes for fuel cell stacks as well as cooling for compressors. The temperature and the relative humidity of the air at suction and exhaust of the compressor were monitored under constant pressure and water injection rate and at variable compressor operating speeds. The experimental results showed that the relative humidity of the outlet air was increased by the water injection. The injection tends to have more effect on humidity at low operating speeds/mass flow rates. Further humidification can be achieved at higher speeds as a higher evaporation rate becomes available. It was also found that the rate of power produced by the fuel cell stack was higher than the rate used to run the compressor for the same amount of air supplied. The efficiency of the balance of plant was, therefore, higher when more air is delivered to the stack. However, this increase in the air supply needs additional subsystems for further humidification/cooling of the balance-of-plant system.

Production Optimization using Multiphase Well Testing: A Case Study from East Kalimantan, Indonesia

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albertus Retnanto ◽  
Ben Weimer ◽  
I Nyoman Hari Kontha ◽  
Heru Triongko ◽  
Azriz Azim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Optimization ◽  
Well Testing ◽  
East Kalimantan
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