scholarly journals Multi-Footprint Constrained Energy Sector Planning

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jui-Yuan Lee ◽  
Han-Fu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Trade Offs

Fossil fuels have been heavily exploited since the Industrial Revolution. The resulting carbon emissions are widely regarded as being the main cause of global warming and climate change. Key mitigation technologies for reducing carbon emissions include carbon capture and storage (CCS) and renewables. According to recent analysis of the International Energy Agency, renewables and CCS will contribute more than 50% of the cumulative emissions reductions by 2050. This paper presents a new mathematical programming model for multi-footprint energy sector planning with CCS and renewables deployment. The model is generic and considers a variety of carbon capture (CC) options for the retrofit of individual thermal power generation units. For comprehensive planning, the Integrated Environmental Control Model is employed in this work to assess the performance and costs of different types of power generation units before and after CC retrofits. A case study of Taiwan’s energy sector is presented to demonstrate the use of the proposed model for complex decision-making and cost trade-offs in the deployment of CC technologies and additional low-carbon energy sources. Different scenarios are analysed, and the results are compared to identify the optimal strategy for the energy mix to satisfy the electricity demand and the various planning constraints.

Environment-Thermal Power Generation Nexus: The Indian Scenario

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhes C. Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
The Status ◽  
Thermal Power Generation ◽  
Indian Scenario

Coal based thermal power has emerged as the major source of electric power in India over the years and this trend is expected to continue even in the future. The environmental effects of thermal power generation are becoming a major concern. Here we present a review of the status of environmental control at present in terms of regulation and their application in the power industry and study the environmental issues of and options for the thermal power generation.

A Plan for Biomass Power Generation With Negative Carbon Emissions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc A. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Carbon Capture And Sequestration ◽  
Wood Harvesting ◽  
Zero Carbon

Abstract Worldwide energy consumption is accelerating at an unprecedented rate while humanity comes to understand the effects of climate change. Renewable resources such as wind and solar supply more energy every year, but the overwhelming majority of energy consumed is still from fossil fuels. The transition to zero carbon emission sources is important, but carbon negative energy could also become necessary in ensuring a sustainable global environment and economy. The most technically and commercially viable carbon negative solution is biomass-fueled power generation with carbon capture and sequestration. A conceptual design based on a biomass-fired circulating fluidized-bed boiler and developed using the Thermoflex software package (Thermoflow, Inc.) is presented that can be evaluated and pursued by the research, engineering, and business communities. Recommendations are proposed for siting and fuel supply in the Southeastern U.S., with an evaluation of some of the impacts from wood harvesting, processing, and transportation to the lifecycle carbon emissions. An economic analysis of this carbon negative concept indicates that certain policy proposals in the U.S. could make biomass power generation with carbon capture and sequestration an economically feasible resource. Results show that an owner and/or the public could realize a net benefit of up to $332/MWh above and beyond marginal energy or capacity values under aggressive carbon pricing.

scholarly journals Managing the Energy Trilemma in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef T. Yap ◽  
Aaron Joseph P. Gabriola ◽  
Chrysogonus F. Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
World Energy ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Expanded Concept

Abstract Background The transition to an energy mix with lower carbon emissions is hampered by the existence of the so-called energy trilemma. The primary consequence is a trade-off between various objectives of energy policy, e.g., equity and sustainability. This paper proposes a framework and methodology to manage the trilemma by applying methods related to multi-criteria decision making in order to assign weights to the various components of the trilemma.Results Following the International Energy Agency (IEA), an expanded concept of energy security is adopted and translates to a version of the trilemma different from that of the World Energy Council. This study takes into account autarky, price, supply, and carbon emissions. The values of these variables are generated by a software called PLEXOS and are incorporated in a welfare function. Trade-offs and complementarities among the four variables are taken into account by the equations in the PLEXOS model. Meanwhile, weights for each of the components of the trilemma are obtained using the Analytical Hierarchy Process. The experts interviewed for this exercise are considered hypothetical heads of the Philippine Department of Energy (DOE).Conclusion Two scenarios were compared: a market-based simulation and one where a carbon-tax was imposed. The ranking clearly depended on the preferences of the hypothetical heads of the DOE. Policy options can, therefore, be ranked using the values generated by the welfare function. In this manner, trade-offs are measured and the trilemma can be managed even if it is not resolved.

scholarly journals Energy Cost Performance of Thermal Power Industry in China Considering Regional Heterogeneity: A Meta-Frontier Cost Malmquist Productivity Decomposition Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6823
Author(s):  
Zhigang Zhu ◽  
Xuping Zhang ◽  
Yujia Wang ◽  
Xiang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Regional Heterogeneity ◽  
Decomposition Approach ◽  
Thermal Power Generation

Since thermal power generation is still one of the main sources of carbon emissions in China, the economic benefits and productivity of the thermal power generation industry have been seriously affected in recent years with the increasingly strict environmental regulations and restrictions on carbon emissions, as well as by the sharp fluctuations of coal prices. Therefore, it has been an important issue to improve the productivity performance of the thermal power industry. Due to the regional heterogeneity among different regions of China, we introduced a meta-frontier framework into the energy cost productivity model to develop a meta-energy cost productivity model. The energy cost gap between the group-specific and meta-frontiers was also utilized to assess the convergence rate of the group-specific frontier to the meta-frontier. The estimated results present that the energy cost efficiency of the eastern region outperformed that of the other two regions, and the cost Malmquist (CM) productivity of these three regions all showed positive growth, in which the progress of allocative efficiency and price effect were the main driving factors. Additionally, the central and western regions displayed the convergence of group-specific CM productivity towards the meta-frontier.

scholarly journals The Conundrums of Sustainability: Carbon Emissions and Electricity Consumption in the Electronics and Petrochemical Industries in Taiwan

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chou ◽  
Walther ◽  
Liou
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Electronics Industry ◽  
Major Transitions ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Sustainability Strategy ◽  
Science Technology And Innovation

The electronics industry plays an essential role in the future of a Taiwan economy based on science, technology, and innovation. At the same time, it is also the most energy-intensive industry. Taiwan is currently driven by high-carbon power generation, and adopts a passive carbon reduction pathway, but unless Taiwan urgently undergoes energy transition, the development of Taiwan’s electronics industry will be impeded. Our analysis found that the petrochemical and electronics industries are the main sources of carbon emissions (27.1%) and electricity consumption (31.6%) in Taiwan, and the existence of the petrochemical industry has constrained the growth of the electronics industry, which has therefore resulted in conundrums to Taiwan’s sustainability strategy. To accommodate the growth of the electronics industry, Taiwan needs to undertake three major transitions: energy transition, industrial transition, and restrain the growth of energy (energy conservation). Under the policy of the nuclear-free homeland, the reduction of coal-fired and thermal power generation, while at the same time increasing the share of renewable energy in power generation, are urgent and important government projects in Taiwan; however, the implementation has been sluggish.

scholarly journals Managing the energy trilemma in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef T. Yap ◽  
Aaron Joseph P. Gabriola ◽  
Chrysogonus F. Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background The transition to an energy mix with lower carbon emissions is hampered by the existence of the so-called Energy Trilemma. The primary consequence is a trade-off between various objectives of energy policy, e.g., equity and sustainability. This conflict can lead to policy gridlock if policymakers are unable to prioritize the goals. This paper proposes a framework and methodology to manage the trilemma by applying methods related to multi-criteria decision-making in order to assign weights to the various components of the trilemma. Results Following the International Energy Agency (IEA), an expanded concept of energy security is adopted and translates to a version of the trilemma different from that of the World Energy Council. This study takes into account autarky, price, supply, and carbon emissions. The values of these variables are generated by a software called PLEXOS and are incorporated in a welfare function. Trade-offs and complementarities among the four variables are taken into account by the equations in the PLEXOS model. Meanwhile, weights for each of the components of the trilemma are obtained using the Analytical Hierarchy Process. The experts interviewed for this exercise are considered hypothetical heads of the Philippine Department of Energy (DOE). Conclusion Two scenarios were compared: a market-based simulation and one where a carbon-tax was imposed. As expected, the carbon-tax leads to a fall in the level of carbon emissions but a rise in the cost of electricity. Because the demand for electricity has a higher price elasticity among lower income classes, the carbon-tax will worsen equity. Attempting to resolve the conflict among the goals of energy policy is difficult leading to a possible gridlock. Policy options can, however, be ranked using the values generated by the welfare function. The ranking clearly depends on the preference or priorities of the hypothetical head of the DOE but at least a decision could be reached. In this manner, trade-offs are measured and the trilemma can be managed even if it is not resolved.

Matrix-Based Model of the Carbon Footprint Analysis for Thermal Power Generation in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 685 ◽  
pp. 230-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Xue Sun ◽  
Xian Zheng Gong ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Wen Juan Chen ◽  
Zhi Hong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Major Work ◽  
Footprint Analysis ◽  
Thermal Power Generation

With the increasing seriousness of climate change problem, carbon footprint has become a very useful method to measure carbon emissions and has been widely accepted. In modern industry, electricity is almost consumed in all industry processes, and electricity is the first "footprint" of most products. As carbon emissions is always measured by theoretical estimation from input inventory but not experimental data, the input inventory of electricity generation becomes very important in carbon footprint analysis. Electricity generation is a very complex process, where all input items inter-dependant on each other and the whole system is an infinite cycle net. But in the traditional calculation model of input inventory, the interaction effect of production system is usually neglected. The major work of this study is to make clear the carbon emissions of provision 1kWh thermal power generation to consumers in China in 2006, since thermal power generation takes the most proportion of Chinese electricity. This study used a matrix-based model which includes interaction effect of the system to calculate the input inventory of electricity generation, and then the carbon emissions of thermal electricity generation in China in 2006 can be calculated. The final result of this paper can be used in carbon footprint, Life Cycle Assessment or some other related fields.

Low-carbon economic dispatch of integrated electricity and natural gas energy system considering carbon capture device

2021 ◽  
pp. 014233122110605
Author(s):  
Xinghua Liu ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Jiaqiang Tian ◽  
Hui Cao
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Economic Dispatch ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Gas System ◽  
Integrated Energy System

The carbon capture device can catch CO2 produced by conventional units and coupled with power-to-gas (P2G) operation provides an effective way to reduce the carbon emissions of the integrated energy system (IES). In this paper, a low-carbon economic dispatch is proposed for an integrated electricity-gas system (IEGS) considering carbon capture devices, and the carbon trading mechanism is introduced. Based on the traditional thermal power units, carbon capture devices are installed to form carbon capture power plants (CCPP). Carbon emissions are reduced from the energy supply side via capturing CO2 generated by conventional units. Detailed modeling of IEGS, CCPP, and P2G are performed, respectively. The electricity and natural gas networks security constraints are incorporated into the low-carbon economic dispatch model to minimize carbon transaction costs and system operation costs. Finally, a 4-bus power system/4-node natural gas system is used, for example, analysis. The arithmetic simulation is performed by the YALMIP toolbox of MATLAB. The total costs and CO2 emissions of the three scenarios are compared. The feasibility and validity of the proposed model are verified by the simulated results.

scholarly journals Multi-Objective Optimisation for Power System Planning Integrating Sustainability Indicators

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2199
Author(s):  
Taimur Al Shidhani ◽  
Anastasia Ioannou ◽  
Gioia Falcone
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power System ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Impact

The increase in global electricity demand, along with its impact on climate change, call for integrating sustainability aspects in the power system expansion planning. Sustainable power generation planning needs to fulfill different, often contradictory, objectives. This paper proposes a multi-objective optimisation model integrating four objective functions, including minimisation of total discounted costs, carbon emissions, land use, and social opposition. Other factors addressed in the model include renewable energy share, jobs created, mortality rates, and energy diversity, among others. Single-objective linear optimisations are initially performed to investigate the impact of each objective function on the resulting power generation mix. Minimising land use and discounted total costs favoured fossil fuels technologies, as opposed to minimising carbon emissions, which resulted in increased renewable energy shares. Minimising social opposition also favoured renewable energy shares, except for hydropower and onshore wind technologies. Accordingly, to investigate the trade-offs among the objective functions, Pareto front candidates for each pair of objective functions were generated, indicating a strong correlation between the minimisation of carbon emissions and the social opposition. Limited trade-offs were also observed between the minimisation of costs and land use. Integrating the objective functions in the multi-objective model resulted in various non-dominated solutions. This tool aims to enable decision-makers identify the trade-offs when optimising the power system under different objectives and determine the most suitable electricity generation mix.

scholarly journals A Critical Review of CO2 Capture Technologies and Prospects for Clean Power Generation

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 4143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmus S. Sifat ◽  
Yousef Haseli
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Current State ◽  
Separation Of Co2

With rapid growth in global demand for energy, the emission of CO2 is increasing due to the use of fossil fuels in power plants. Effective strategies are required to decrease the industrial emissions to meet the climate change target set at 21st Conference of the Parties (COP 21). Carbon capture and storage have been recognized as the most useful methods to reduce the CO2 emissions while using fossil fuels in power generation. This work reviews different methods and updates of the current technologies to capture and separate CO2 generated in a thermal power plant. Carbon capture is classified in two broad categories depending on the requirement of separation of CO2 from the gases. The novel methods of oxy combustion and chemical looping combustion carbon capture have been compared with the traditional post combustion and precombustion carbon capture methods. The current state of technology and limitation of each of the processes including commonly used separation techniques for CO2 from the gas mixture are discussed in this review. Further research and investigations are suggested based on the technological maturity, economic viability, and lack of proper knowledge of the combustion system for further improvement of the capture system.

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