scholarly journals Managing the Energy Trilemma in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef T. Yap ◽  
Aaron Joseph P. Gabriola ◽  
Chrysogonus F. Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
World Energy ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Expanded Concept

Abstract Background The transition to an energy mix with lower carbon emissions is hampered by the existence of the so-called energy trilemma. The primary consequence is a trade-off between various objectives of energy policy, e.g., equity and sustainability. This paper proposes a framework and methodology to manage the trilemma by applying methods related to multi-criteria decision making in order to assign weights to the various components of the trilemma.Results Following the International Energy Agency (IEA), an expanded concept of energy security is adopted and translates to a version of the trilemma different from that of the World Energy Council. This study takes into account autarky, price, supply, and carbon emissions. The values of these variables are generated by a software called PLEXOS and are incorporated in a welfare function. Trade-offs and complementarities among the four variables are taken into account by the equations in the PLEXOS model. Meanwhile, weights for each of the components of the trilemma are obtained using the Analytical Hierarchy Process. The experts interviewed for this exercise are considered hypothetical heads of the Philippine Department of Energy (DOE).Conclusion Two scenarios were compared: a market-based simulation and one where a carbon-tax was imposed. The ranking clearly depended on the preferences of the hypothetical heads of the DOE. Policy options can, therefore, be ranked using the values generated by the welfare function. In this manner, trade-offs are measured and the trilemma can be managed even if it is not resolved.

scholarly journals Managing the energy trilemma in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef T. Yap ◽  
Aaron Joseph P. Gabriola ◽  
Chrysogonus F. Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background The transition to an energy mix with lower carbon emissions is hampered by the existence of the so-called Energy Trilemma. The primary consequence is a trade-off between various objectives of energy policy, e.g., equity and sustainability. This conflict can lead to policy gridlock if policymakers are unable to prioritize the goals. This paper proposes a framework and methodology to manage the trilemma by applying methods related to multi-criteria decision-making in order to assign weights to the various components of the trilemma. Results Following the International Energy Agency (IEA), an expanded concept of energy security is adopted and translates to a version of the trilemma different from that of the World Energy Council. This study takes into account autarky, price, supply, and carbon emissions. The values of these variables are generated by a software called PLEXOS and are incorporated in a welfare function. Trade-offs and complementarities among the four variables are taken into account by the equations in the PLEXOS model. Meanwhile, weights for each of the components of the trilemma are obtained using the Analytical Hierarchy Process. The experts interviewed for this exercise are considered hypothetical heads of the Philippine Department of Energy (DOE). Conclusion Two scenarios were compared: a market-based simulation and one where a carbon-tax was imposed. As expected, the carbon-tax leads to a fall in the level of carbon emissions but a rise in the cost of electricity. Because the demand for electricity has a higher price elasticity among lower income classes, the carbon-tax will worsen equity. Attempting to resolve the conflict among the goals of energy policy is difficult leading to a possible gridlock. Policy options can, however, be ranked using the values generated by the welfare function. The ranking clearly depends on the preference or priorities of the hypothetical head of the DOE but at least a decision could be reached. In this manner, trade-offs are measured and the trilemma can be managed even if it is not resolved.

Has the 'Golden Age of Gas' bypassed Australia?

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Joshua Stabler
Keyword(s):  
Golden Age ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
World Energy Outlook ◽  
Australian Experience ◽  
Domestic Electricity

In June 2011, the International Energy Agency released the 2011 World Energy Outlook (WEO) series that posed the thought-provoking question: ‘Are we entering a golden age of gas?’ In response to this bold question, this paper first investigates the world’s electricity supply by each fuel type and how the WEO expectations have changed over time. This helps define the progress of the world targets for the ‘Golden Age of Gas’. To provide context to Australian gas conditions, this paper delves deeply into two of the most important international markets in the world: USA and China. Each of these countries are placed in the five fastest growing gas production countries in the world but have had substantially different engagements with gas and their domestic electricity profiles. Each country’s response to the electricity generation-source dilemma has resulted in diametrically opposed carbon emission outcomes. Finally, this paper turns to the Australian experience with gas. As the fifth fastest growing gas producing nation, and now the largest liquefied natural gas exporter in the world, Australia has rapidly shifted from energy price isolation to having strong links to international energy prices. These international price linkages have been applied across both gas and coal markets and have occurred simultaneously with the combination of a wave of renewable energy construction, traditional energy generation exit and paralysed government policy. This leaves a revised question: has the Golden Age of Gas passed Australia?

scholarly journals La stabilité de l’OPEP

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-526
Author(s):  
The-Hiep Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Energy Field ◽  
World Energy ◽  
Petroleum Sector ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Near Future

In the energy field and more specifically in the petroleum sector, several models have been developed with a view to determining long-term price strategies and supply and demand flows without considering the sector in question from an oligopolistic perspective : institutions have been excluded from these models. This study explicitly recognizes the importance of variables often characterized as extra-economic and proposes to examine the degree of OPEC's stability. Among the factors that could negatively influence this stability are bilateral oil agreements, the coalition of consumer countries within the International Energy Agency and rivalry among the members of OPEC. The respective weight of each of these factors has been carefully examined. On the other hand, an oil price indexing formula accepted and respected by all parties concerned would ensure the stability of this organization. However, stability via indexing is unlikely as it is difficult to find a formula acceptable to all parties. It is therefore to be anticipated that the world energy and petroleum situation in the near future will be a function of the policies of the two poles : the United States, the largest consumer, and Saudi Arabia, the largest producer. The functions-objectives of these two countries have also been examined in order to derive a number of specific hypotheses relative to the eventual evolution of the energy and petroleum sector.

scholarly journals Eco-turbina. Turbo ventilador eléctrico 220 (VAC) – 50 (Hz), de bajo consumo: eficiente energéticamente

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Ibar Federico Anderson
Keyword(s):  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The Future ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
World Energy Outlook ◽  
On Line ◽  
Energy Efficiency Policies ◽  
Global Exchange ◽  
Pas 2050

Según el WorldEnergy Outlook 2017[1]  publicado por la Agencia Internacional de la Energía (AIE)[2] se evidencian algunas tendencias en el sistema energético mundial, en donde los motores eléctricos representarán un tercio del aumento de la demanda de energía eléctrica. Este aumento significa que millones de hogares agregarán electrodomésticos y sistemas de refrigeración. Recientemente la Agencia publicó un muy completo estudio[3] sobre la situación del uso de aires acondicionados[4] en el mundo. En la República Argentina, informes anuales de CAMMESA[5]: 2007 y 2016 indican que en ese período hubo un aumento del 45% en el consumo eléctrico en todos los sectores, lo que significa un problema en la generación y transmisión de energía. Se tornó una necesidad todas las medidas que se puedan tomar en sentido de la Eficiencia Energética (EE); lo que por otro lado significa una oportunidad en el diseño y desarrollo de productos industriales más eficientes en el consumo de la energía eléctrica. En clara orientación con esta línea ética de reducción de la huella de carbono[6] y sustentada científicamente en el impacto ambiental, se desarrolló una turbina eléctrica de 220 (voltios), 50 (Hz) de corriente alterna (AC), para ser aplicado a motores de ventiladores[7]. Reduce un 59% el consumo de energía eléctrica, medida en kWh (kilo-Watts-hora), que es el modo en que se factura el consumo de energía. Según la Norma IRAM 62480:2017 se obtuvo una EE Tipo: A. Con un consumo de energía inferior a 55% del valor nominal; lo que representa 15 kWh/mes, valor que se calcula durante una (1) hora por día a máxima potencia (25 vatios para el prototipo). Cabe destacar queexisten normasIE[8] de eficiencia energética para motores eléctricos, que no se pudieron constatar, dado que exceden a los recursos disponibles para este trabajo. El objetivo ha consistido en aproximarnos de un modo más simple (tecnología) y económico (costos) a los variadores de frecuencia (VDF)[9] o drivers, que son una tecnología que reduce la energía eléctrica, manteniendo constante la relación tensión/frecuencia (volts/hertz) con una electrónica compleja y costosa (como los transistores bipolares de puerta aislada: IGBTs). Aquí se ha resuelto el problema manteniendo no-constante la relación (V/Hz) con un Triac BT 137 para uso en motores de inducción monofásicos de 220 (V), 50 (Hz) de corriente alterna (AC). Para construir esta tecnología menos costosa (económicamente) y menos compleja (electrónicamente), se analizó la existencia -probada en el mercado-de otras aplicaciones tecnológicas similares, que puedan ser adaptadas y ensambladas a otras tecnologías también existentes; y que este ensamble pueda ser realizado de modo barato y funcional. Este control de potencia para motores a-sincrónicos fue utilizado en un motor sincrónico de tipo PMSM. Las actividades llevadas a cabo para la construcción del prototipo son: adoptar un motor sincrónico de tipo PMSM (con rotor de imanes parmanentes de ferrite) obtenido a partir del estator de una electrobomba de lavavajillas de 65 (watts) de potencia, acoplado a las paletas de un rotor de un motor a-sincrónico de espiras de sombra[10] de microondas; que se controla mecatrónicamente con un control de potencia de disparo por Triac BT137 atenuador de onda de tensión (Voltios) e intensidad de la corriente (Amperios).     [1] International Energy Agency. World Energy Outlook 2017 [On line]. Available:  https://www.iea.org/weo2017/ [Accessed: 25-jan-2019] [2] International Energy Agency. Energy Efficieny. The global exchange for energy efficiency policies, data and analysis [On line]. Available:  https://www.iea.org/topics/energyefficiency [Accessed: 25-jan-2019] [3] International Energy Agency. The Future of Cooling. Opportunities for energy-efficient air conditioning [On line]. Available: https://webstore.iea.org/the-future-of-cooling [Accessed: 25-jan-2019] [4]El uso de aires acondicionados y ventiladores eléctricos para mantenerse fresco representa casi el 20% del total de la electricidad utilizada en los edificios de todo el mundo en la actualidad. [5] CAMMESA, Compañía Administradora del Mercado Mayorista eléctrico [<en línea]. Disponible en: http://portalweb.cammesa.com/default.aspx [Accedido: 25-ene-2019] [6]La huella de carbono se conoce como gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) emitidos por efecto directo o indirecto de un individuo, organización, evento o producto. Tal impacto ambiental es medido llevando a cabo un inventario de emisiones de GEI o un análisis de ciclo de vida (ACV), siguiendo normativas internacionales reconocidas, tales como ISO 14064, PAS 2050 o GHG Protocol entre otras.  [7] Los motores consumen el 46% del total mundial de electricidad (Fuente IEA: Efficiency Series, 2011). [8] La norma IEC 60034-30-1 es la que establece el Código IE de eficiencia en motores eléctricos. [9] La IEC 61800-9-2 se focaliza en la interacción de motores con los variadores de frecuencia (VFD). El 40% y el 60% de todos los sistemas de motores se beneficiarían del uso adecuado de los drivers. [10] Espira de defrager o espira de arranque (espira en cortocircuito).

scholarly journals The Indian Republic in the global energy markets

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-509
Author(s):  
Nikolay P. Gusakov ◽  
Yulia A. Konovalova ◽  
Sayar Akhmad Reshad
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Energy Markets ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic

Energy is an integral part of the economic security of any state, and it is more complex, the lower the degree of provision with its mineral resources and the higher the number of the population living in the country. Being the undisputed world leaders in terms of population (1.4 billion people and 1.3 billion people), China and India are concerned about ensuring the energy security of their national economies. According to the latest forecasts formed by the International Energy Agency, by 2040, these two countries will become world leaders in terms of imports of mineral products (in this case: crude oil and natural gas). China is the world leader in exporting goods; India is implementing an economic and industrial policy to turn the country into a world manufacturing hub. In this regard, providing countries with energy resources is one of the most critical tasks. At the same time, a significant problem is a dependence on regular supplies of raw materials and world prices for energy carriers. Respectively, countries should pursue a policy of diversification of suppliers of mineral products. The subject of this study is the Republic of India and its position in the world energy markets; issues of energy security and energy policy are also highlighted.

Repositioning gas in the power generation mix

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 647
Author(s):  
Martin Wilkes
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Since the turn of the century, gas has been highlighted as the transition fuel to a lower emissions world, and, in 2011, the International Energy Agency published a special report entitled ‘Are we entering the golden age of gas’, which indicated that gas use could rise by over 50% to provide more than 25% of world energy demand by 2035. Even though gas use has risen in tandem with the increase in renewable energy, over the past decade, coal has been the fastest growing fuel because developing countries choose cheap power to provide their growing energy needs. Gas has been, and continues to be, subject to a green, cheap squeeze; squeezed by cleaner renewables on the one hand, and cheaper coal on the other. This paper will look at the impact that increasing amounts of renewable energy has on existing power generation and supply systems, and provide insights into the potential range of outcomes in emission levels, and the need to not only discuss renewable energy target, but to also understand the total energy mix, and the need to reposition gas from a transition fuel to the natural long-term companion of renewables.

World Oil Industry: Forecasts of Development up to 2035

2013 ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
N. Baykov
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Probable State

The fresh forecasts on the probable state of world oil and gas industry up to 2035 have appeared in late 2011. The article deals with the main points and conclusions of the available forecasts of the International Energy Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy, especially concerning supposed indicators of output and consumption of primary energy resources, primarily crude oil, in the whole world and with breakdown by regions.

scholarly journals Energy consumption reduction at all stages of residential buildings life cycle by means of queuing systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 05043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeriy Mishchenko ◽  
Sergei Kolodyazhniy ◽  
Elena Gorbaneva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Energy Consumption Reduction ◽  
Consumption Reduction ◽  
Global Carbon

Buildings are the largest source of carbon emissions and energy consumption around the world. Currently, the construction sector focuses on energy efficient and carbon emission reduction technologies to reduce the effect of a green house and improve the environment. The energy aspects of buildings depend on the early design process. The energy consumed by the building can be reduced to 80% by optimizing the orientation, the shape of the building, the insulation and ventilation during the design and management of the facilities after the completion of the construction. The reductions of energy consumption are fundamental to the International Energy Agency (IEA) goal, which is to reduce global carbon emissions by 77% against the projected data for 2050 to achieve the stabilized CO2 level provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In this issue, research and development of energy-efficient technologies are important, which play a crucial role in reducing initial costs and increasing energy conservation. To do this, it is recommended to use simulation modeling of the queue management system, which has practical application for both large systems and for private systems.

scholarly journals Multi-Footprint Constrained Energy Sector Planning

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jui-Yuan Lee ◽  
Han-Fu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Trade Offs

Fossil fuels have been heavily exploited since the Industrial Revolution. The resulting carbon emissions are widely regarded as being the main cause of global warming and climate change. Key mitigation technologies for reducing carbon emissions include carbon capture and storage (CCS) and renewables. According to recent analysis of the International Energy Agency, renewables and CCS will contribute more than 50% of the cumulative emissions reductions by 2050. This paper presents a new mathematical programming model for multi-footprint energy sector planning with CCS and renewables deployment. The model is generic and considers a variety of carbon capture (CC) options for the retrofit of individual thermal power generation units. For comprehensive planning, the Integrated Environmental Control Model is employed in this work to assess the performance and costs of different types of power generation units before and after CC retrofits. A case study of Taiwan’s energy sector is presented to demonstrate the use of the proposed model for complex decision-making and cost trade-offs in the deployment of CC technologies and additional low-carbon energy sources. Different scenarios are analysed, and the results are compared to identify the optimal strategy for the energy mix to satisfy the electricity demand and the various planning constraints.

scholarly journals Carbon Emissions and Life Expectancy in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romanus Osabohien ◽  
Timothy Aderemi ◽  
Dolapo Bose Akindele ◽  
Johson Ifenayi Okoh
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Distributed Lag

Abstract Background: This study examines how carbon emissions affect life expectancy in NigeriaMethod: The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was applied in the study to examine how energy consumption impact on life expectancy in Nigeria. Data was sourced from the United States (U.S) Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Centre, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical bulletin, International Energy Agency (IEA) and the World Development Indicators (WDI) for the period 1980-2017.Results: Findings showed that inter alia; carbon emissions are significant and negatively affect life expectancy. This finding implied that, on the average, carbon emissions is capable of reducing life expectancy by 0.35%.Conclusion: Based finding, the study concluded by recommending that the Nigerian government should embark on the alternative use of energy that emits lesser carbon. Thus, this will help attain the sustainable development goals of good health and well-being alongside with affordable, reliable and sustainable use of energy for all.

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