scholarly journals Influence of Pyrolysis Temperature on Product Distribution and Characteristics of Anaerobic Sludge

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Hanif ◽  
Mohammed Zwawi ◽  
Sergio C. Capareda ◽  
Hamid Iqbal ◽  
Mohammed Algarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Combustible Gases

Pyrolysis of anaerobically digested sludge can serve as an efficient biomass for biofuel production. Pyrolysis produces products like char, bio-oil, and combustible gases by thermochemical conversion process. It can be used for sludge treatment that decreases sludge disposal problems. Sludge produced from anaerobic co-digestion (microalgae, cow dung, and paper) waste has high carbon and hydrogen content. We investigated the candidacy of the anaerobic sludge having high heating value (HHV) of 20.53 MJ/kg as a reliable biomass for biofuels production. The process of pyrolysis was optimized with different temperatures (400, 500, and 600 °C) to produce high quantity and improved quality of the products, mainly bio-oil, char, and gas. The results revealed that with the increase in pyrolysis temperature the quantity of char decreased (81% to 55%), bio-oil increased (3% to 7%), and gas increased (2% to 5%). The HHV of char (19.2 MJ/kg), bio-oil (28.1 MJ/kg), and gas (18.1 MJ/kg) were predominantly affected by the amount of fixed carbon, hydrocarbons, and volatile substance, respectively. The study confirmed that the anaerobic sludge is a promising biomass for biofuel production and pyrolysis is an efficient method for its safe disposal.

scholarly journals Pyrolysis-GC/MS Analysis of Fast Growing Wood Macaranga Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-158
Author(s):  
R.R. Dirgarini J.N. Subagyono ◽  
Ying Qi ◽  
Alan L. Chaffee ◽  
Rudianto Amirta ◽  
Marc Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Flash Pyrolysis ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
High Yields

Py-GC/MS analysis of six different species of fast growing Macaranga wood has been studied. Flash pyrolysis was conducted at different temperatures (250-850 oC) under a flow of helium followed by GC/MS analysis of the products. The total pyrolysis yields of the six different species of Macaranga were mostly between 40 and 90% within the range of pyrolysis temperature applied.  Pyrolysis of the woody biomass produced compounds which are mostly derived from thermal degradation or volatilization of lignin and cellulose/hemicellulose, the original major constituents of the biomass. The Py-GC/MS technique indicated that M. gigantea was the most potential species for biofuel production and the optimum pyrolysis temperature to produce high yields of bio-oil was 450 oC.

scholarly journals Product Distribution and Characteristics of Pyrolyzing Microalgae (Nannochloropsis oculata), Cotton Gin Trash, and Cattle Manure as a Cobiomass

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Muhammad U. Hanif ◽  
Mohammed Zwawi ◽  
Sergio C. Capareda ◽  
Hamid Iqbal ◽  
Mohammed Algarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Product Distribution ◽  
Nannochloropsis Oculata ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Product Yields ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Mixed Feedstock ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Cotton Gin

Microalgae has proven potential for producing products that are accepted as an alternate energy source. An attempt is made to further improve the efficiency of pyrolysis in terms of product yields and characteristics by adding cotton gin trash and cattle manure as a mixed feedstock (cobiomass). A statistically significant number of treatments were made by mixing different amounts of cotton gin trash and cattle manure with microalgae (Nannochloropsis oculata). These treatments were pyrolyzed at different temperatures (400 to 600 °C ) and product yields and characteristics were analyzed. The pyrolysis of cobiomass resulted in higher yield for bio-oil and char as compared to microalgae alone. An operating temperature of 500 °C was found to be the best suitable for high bio-oil yield. The high heating values (hhv) of bio-oil were observed to be maximum at 500 °C and for syngas and char, the heating value slightly increased with further increase in temperature. Comparatively, the bio-oil (30 MJ/kg) had higher heating values than char (17 MJ/kg) and syngas (13 MJ/kg). The combustible material decreased whereas fixed carbon and ash content increased in char with an increase in temperature. The bio-oil produced from cobiomass had abundant aliphatics and aromatics with low nitrogen content making it a better alternative fuel than bio-oil produced by microalgae alone. The mixing of different biomass helped improving not just the quantity but also the quality of products.

Waste Management Practice in Malaysia and Future Challenges

2020 ◽  
pp. 531-549
Author(s):  
Huang Shen Chua ◽  
Mohammed J. K. Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Combustible Gases

Malaysia current waste management systems are not able to solve the disposal rates. The reduction of waste through 3Rs programme (reduce, reuse, and recycle) is in precontemplation stage. The municipal solid waste (MSW) condition is mixed and wet. The landfill and Thermal Treatment Plant (incineration) are the current practices for the MSW disposal. Landfill created leachate while incineration released unhealthy gases. Incineration failed due to the improper management and high cost of the operation. Torrefaction is needed before it goes to the incineration to improve the high heating value (HHV). The MSW pyrolysis and gasification are able to convert into valuable products (bio-oil, biochar, combustible gases). Combustible gases can be used to feedback into the incinerator. The heat of the incinerator can be performed waste to energy (WTE), which is able to convert into electricity as a Feed-in-Tariff (FiT).

Influence of the Pyrolysis Temperature on Sewage Sludge Product Distribution, Bio-Oil, and Char Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1419-1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trung Ngoc Trinh ◽  
Peter Arendt Jensen ◽  
Kim Dam-Johansen ◽  
Niels Ole Knudsen ◽  
Hanne Risbjerg Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Bio Oil

Fractionation of biomass and plastic wastes to value-added products via stepwise pyrolysis: a state-of-art review

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafei Shen
Keyword(s):  
Influence Factors ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
The One

Abstract Pyrolysis has been considered as a promising thermochemical process that can convert biomass in nonoxidizing atmospheres to value-added liquid bio-oil, solid biochar, and noncondensable gas products. Fast pyrolysis has a better economic return because of the valuable biofuel production (e.g. bio-oil, syngas). Because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the feedstocks, the one-step pyrolysis often leads to the mixed, acidic, and highly oxygenated liquid products. Moreover, the downstream processes (e.g. deoxygenation) for the desired fuels require high costs on energy and catalysts consumption. Stepwise pyrolysis is defined as a temperature-programmed pyrolysis that can separately obtain the products from each temperature step. It is a feasible approach to accomplish the fractionation by optimizing the pyrolysis process based on the decomposition temperature ranges and products among the biomass constituents. In recent years, the stepwise pyrolysis technology has gained attentions in thermochemical conversion of complex organic solid wastes. Through the stepwise pyrolysis of a real waste, oxygenated and acidic products were concentrated in the first-step liquid product, whereas the second-step product normally contained a high portion of hydrocarbon with low acidity. The stepwise pyrolysis of biomass, plastics, and their mixtures is comprehensively reviewed with the objective of fully understanding the related mechanisms, influence factors, and challenges.

Production of Phenolic-Rich Bio-Oil from Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass Over Tailored Fe-Based Catalysts

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangxia Yang ◽  
Xiaodong Zhang ◽  
Feixia Yang ◽  
Baofeng Zhao ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Aldehydes And Ketones ◽  
Biomass Ratio ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

The objective of this study is to catalytically upgrade fast pyrolysis vapors of sawdust using various Fe-based catalysts for producing phenolic-rich bio-oil by analytical pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) technique. A variety of parameters, including support characteristic, calcination temperature, pyrolysis temperature, as well as the catalyst-to-biomass ratio during the pyrolysis process were evaluated for their effects on product distribution of bio-oil. GC-MS analysis showed that compared to Fe–Mg and Fe–Al catalysts, the developed Fe–Ca catalyst significantly promoted the formation of phenols and its derivatives. The phenolic concentration declined with increasing calcination temperature and pyrolysis temperature, while increased monotonically along with increasing catalyst-to-biomass ratio. The phenolics concentration was high upto 81% (peak area) under optimum conditions of calcination temperature of 500 °C, pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C and catalyst-to-biomass ratio of 10. At higher catalyst-to-biomass ratio of 20, phenolics (88.03% in peak area) and hydrocarbons (including 7.86% of aromatics and 4.1% aliphatics) were the only two components that can be detected, with all the acids, aldehydes and ketones completely eliminated. This indicated the excellent capability of developed Fe–Ca catalyst in promoting the decomposition of lignin in biomass to generate phenolic compounds and meanwhile inhibiting the devolatilization of holocellulose.

scholarly journals Bio-Oil Characterizations of Spirulina Platensis Residue (SPR) Pyrolysis Products for Renewable Energy Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Siti Jamilatun ◽  
Aster Rahayu ◽  
Yano Surya Pradana ◽  
Budhijanto ◽  
Rochmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Bio Oil

Nowadays, energy consumption has increased as a population increases with socio-economic developments and improved living standards. Therefore, it is necessary to find a replacement for fossil energy with renewable energy sources, and the potential to develop is biofuels. Bio-oil, water phase, gas, and char products will be produced by utilizing Spirulina platensis (SPR) microalgae extraction residue as pyrolysis raw material. The purpose of this study is to characterize pyrolysis products and bio-oil analysis with GC-MS. Quality fuel is good if O/C is low, H/C is high, HHV is high, and oxygenate compounds are low, but aliphatic and aromatic are high. Pyrolysis was carried out at a temperature of 300-600°C with a feed of 50 grams in atmospheric conditions with a heating rate of 5-35°C/min, the equipment used was a fixed-bed reactor. The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the higher the bio-oil yield will be to an optimum temperature, then lower. The optimum temperature of pyrolysis is 550°C with a bio-oil yield of 23.99 wt%. The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the higher the H/C, the lower O/C. The optimum condition was reached at a temperature of 500°C with the values of H/C, and O/C is 1.17 and 0.47. With an increase in temperature of 300-600°C, HHV increased from 11.64 MJ/kg to 20.63 MJ/kg, the oxygenate compound decreased from 85.26 to 37.55 wt%. Aliphatics and aromatics increased, respectively, from 5.76 to 36.72 wt% and 1.67 to 6.67 wt%.

scholarly journals Biochar and Energy Production: Valorizing Swine Manure through Coupling Co-Digestion and Pyrolysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén González ◽  
Judith González ◽  
José G. Rosas ◽  
Richard Smith ◽  
Xiomar Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Bio Oil

Anaerobic digestion is an established technological option for the treatment of agricultural residues and livestock wastes beneficially producing renewable energy and digestate as biofertilizer. This technology also has significant potential for becoming an essential component of biorefineries for valorizing lignocellulosic biomass due to its great versatility in assimilating a wide spectrum of carbonaceous materials. The integration of anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis of its digestates for enhanced waste treatment was studied. A theoretical analysis was performed for three scenarios based on the thermal needs of the process: The treatment of swine manure (scenario 1), co-digestion with crop wastes (scenario 2), and addition of residual glycerine (scenario 3). The selected plant design basis was to produce biochar and electricity via combined heat and power units. For electricity production, the best performing scenario was scenario 3 (producing three times more electricity than scenario 1), with scenario 2 resulting in the highest production of biochar (double the biochar production and 1.7 times more electricity than scenario 1), but being highly penalized by the great thermal demand associated with digestate dewatering. Sensitivity analysis was performed using a central composite design, predominantly to evaluate the bio-oil yield and its high heating value, as well as digestate dewatering. Results demonstrated the effect of these parameters on electricity production and on the global thermal demand of the plant. The main significant factor was the solid content attained in the dewatering process, which excessively penalized the global process for values lower than 25% TS.

scholarly journals Study on the hydrothermal liquefaction of antibiotic residues with molecular sieve catalysts in the ethanol–water system: focus on product distribution and characterization

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (43) ◽  
pp. 26763-26772
Author(s):  
Jian Yang ◽  
Chen Hong ◽  
Yi Xing ◽  
Zixuan Zheng ◽  
Zaixing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Sieve ◽  
Water System ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Antibiotic Residue ◽  
System Focus

In this study, the antibiotic residue was used as a raw material to catalyze hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) in an ethanol–water system to prepare bio-oil.

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