Biochar and Energy Production: Valorizing Swine Manure through Coupling Co-Digestion and Pyrolysis

Anaerobic digestion is an established technological option for the treatment of agricultural residues and livestock wastes beneficially producing renewable energy and digestate as biofertilizer. This technology also has significant potential for becoming an essential component of biorefineries for valorizing lignocellulosic biomass due to its great versatility in assimilating a wide spectrum of carbonaceous materials. The integration of anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis of its digestates for enhanced waste treatment was studied. A theoretical analysis was performed for three scenarios based on the thermal needs of the process: The treatment of swine manure (scenario 1), co-digestion with crop wastes (scenario 2), and addition of residual glycerine (scenario 3). The selected plant design basis was to produce biochar and electricity via combined heat and power units. For electricity production, the best performing scenario was scenario 3 (producing three times more electricity than scenario 1), with scenario 2 resulting in the highest production of biochar (double the biochar production and 1.7 times more electricity than scenario 1), but being highly penalized by the great thermal demand associated with digestate dewatering. Sensitivity analysis was performed using a central composite design, predominantly to evaluate the bio-oil yield and its high heating value, as well as digestate dewatering. Results demonstrated the effect of these parameters on electricity production and on the global thermal demand of the plant. The main significant factor was the solid content attained in the dewatering process, which excessively penalized the global process for values lower than 25% TS.

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Preparation of High Heating Value Gas, High Quality Bio-Oil and Added Value Carbon Materials from Caragana Pyrolyzed via Super-High Temperature Steam

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.2152 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 512-515 ◽

pp. 2152-2161

Author(s):

Jun Li Liu ◽

Jian Chun Jiang ◽

Wei Hong Yang

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Liquid Fraction ◽

Biomass Energy ◽

Added Value ◽

Gas Composition ◽

Heating Value ◽

High Heating Value ◽

Bio Oil ◽

High Temperature Steam

Caragana is an abundant plant as the feedstock of biomass energy in China. In this study, pyrolysis of Caragana in the presence of high temperature medium and characterization of products has been carried out. Evaluation of experimental results showed that faster devolatilization and char with increased surface area obtained in the presence of high temperature steam comparing to N2. Analysis of the obtained liquid revealed that the H/C and O/C ratios in the liquid are 1.5 and 0.16 respectively. Further more gas composition during high temperature steam pyrolysis differs from gas composition derived from N2pyrolysis which indicates interaction of steam with vapors and solid species even at low treatment temperatures. The derived products’ yields and characteristics indicate possible exploitation of derived char as activate carbon precursor. Liquid fraction composition makes it suitable for exploitation as liquid fuel and/or chemical feedstock.

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Waste Management Practice in Malaysia and Future Challenges

Handbook of Research on Resource Management for Pollution and Waste Treatment - Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-0369-0.ch022 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 531-549

Author(s):

Huang Shen Chua ◽

Mohammed J. K. Bashir

Keyword(s):

Thermal Treatment ◽

Waste Management ◽

Management Practice ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Waste To Energy ◽

Heating Value ◽

High Heating Value ◽

Bio Oil ◽

Future Challenges ◽

Combustible Gases

Malaysia current waste management systems are not able to solve the disposal rates. The reduction of waste through 3Rs programme (reduce, reuse, and recycle) is in precontemplation stage. The municipal solid waste (MSW) condition is mixed and wet. The landfill and Thermal Treatment Plant (incineration) are the current practices for the MSW disposal. Landfill created leachate while incineration released unhealthy gases. Incineration failed due to the improper management and high cost of the operation. Torrefaction is needed before it goes to the incineration to improve the high heating value (HHV). The MSW pyrolysis and gasification are able to convert into valuable products (bio-oil, biochar, combustible gases). Combustible gases can be used to feedback into the incinerator. The heat of the incinerator can be performed waste to energy (WTE), which is able to convert into electricity as a Feed-in-Tariff (FiT).

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Energetic Valorization of Solid Wastes from the Alcoholic Beverage Production Industry: Distilled Gin Spent Botanicals and Brewers’ Spent Grains

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app112110158 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (21) ◽

pp. 10158

Author(s):

Jesús A. Montes ◽

Carlos Rico

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Alcoholic Beverage ◽

Power Source ◽

Solid Wastes ◽

Heating Value ◽

Digestion Process ◽

High Heating Value ◽

Spent Grains ◽

High Heating ◽

Production Industry

In this paper, the authors assess the possibilities of energetic valorization for two solid wastes from alcoholic beverage production. Distilled gin spent botanicals (DGSB) and brewers’ spent grains (BSG) are tested, both by themselves and as co-substrates, for their possibilities as substrates for anaerobic digestion in a system of box-type digesters, suited for the process. While BSGs show a good performance for anaerobic digestion, DGSBs, despite showing an acceptable biomethanogenic potential result as not suitable for the process. Experiments using DGSBs as substrate in the reactors result in failure. And, as a co-substrate, the biomethanogenic digestion process appears to be hampered and lagged. Possible explanations for this behavior are explored, as well as other possibilities for the use of the material as a power source given its high heating value.

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METHANE FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY COMBINE WITH GENERATOR. SOLUTION FOR DOMESTIC WASTE TREATMENT IN LARGE URBANS, CONTRIBUTE TO CLIMATE CHANGE INHIBIT

Science and Technology Development Journal ◽

10.32508/stdj.v13i3.2141 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 29-39

Author(s):

Phuoc Van Nguyen ◽

Diem Thi Thuy Nguyen ◽

Thanh Hoang Lan Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Electricity Production ◽

Methane Generation ◽

Potential Development ◽

Domestic Solid Waste ◽

Short Time ◽

Fermentation Technology

Based on the existing condition of the treatment of domestic solid waste in Vietnam and the researches of the potential development of CDM in the national and international areas, the study finds out that if anaerobic digestion technology is applied, 3.6 million kWh per day is produced from 21.500 tons/ day domestic solid waste, which is composed of 70 – 85% organic material. Thereby, this study brings out a profit of 160.000 USD per day. Moreover, concerning emission reduction, research results from Omid tayyeba in SWECO show that, anaerobic digestion technology reduces 1,6 times more than composting technology and 1,5 times more than landfills technology which have electricity production system from gas. Based on that, the study suggests that anaerobic digestion technology should be applied into two periods and combined with electricity production in order to maximin methane generation in the short time and prevent the use of unrenewable fuel. This helps to reduce GHGs emission and actively adapt to climate change in the general trend of the world.

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Characteristics of coconut frond as a potential feedstock for biochar via slow pyrolysis

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences ◽

10.11113/mjfas.v14n4.1014 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 408-413

Author(s):

Nur Syairah Mohamad Aziz ◽

Adilah Shariff ◽

Nurhayati Abdullah ◽

Nurhidayah Mohamed Noor

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Ash Content ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Fixed Carbon ◽

Heating Value ◽

Slow Pyrolysis ◽

High Heating Value ◽

Bio Oil ◽

High Heating

The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of coconut frond as a feedstock for biochar production via slow pyrolysis process. Proximate, elemental and thermogravimetric analysis were performed to evaluate the chemical and thermal properties of the coconut frond. The percentage of its lignocellulosic component and high heating value were determined. Surface morphology of coconut frond was examined using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Coconut frond (CF) contains 78.03±3.91 d.b. wt% of volatile matter, 4.96±0.07 d.b. wt% of ash content and 17.01±3.86 d.b. wt% of fixed carbon. Elemental analysis revealed a sulfur content of 0.94±0.12 %, while the percentage of nitrogen is 0.46±0.33%. The composition of carbon and hydrogen are 34.0±6.22 % and 7.71±0.34 % respectively. The high heating value of CF is 17.77±0.40 MJ/kg. CF consists of 43.91±1.80 % cellulose, 31.58±1.20 % hemicellulose, and 18.15±0.60 % lignin. From thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, it is apparent that the weight loss of CF occurred prominently in the temperature range 200°C - 400°C. The peaks of the DTG curve at 281.75±0.35 °C and 334.08±0.35°C indicate the weight loss of coconut frond sample due to the degradation of hemicellulose and cellulose, respectively. The FESEM images of CF show its fibrous strands are compact with a few large pores with diameters around 42.5 - 48.1 μm large pores in the center of the CF sample. The results of the analysis show that CF has a potential as a feedstock for biochar production via slow pyrolysis. CF also can be used in other application such as syngas and bio-oil production due to the low lignin percentage and high volatile percentage.

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Improving the Anaerobic Digestion of Swine Manure through an Optimized Ammonia Treatment: Process Performance, Digestate and Techno-Economic Aspects

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14030787 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 787

Author(s):

Anna Lymperatou ◽

Niels B. Rasmussen ◽

Hariklia N. Gavala ◽

Ioannis V. Skiadas

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Large Scale ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Aqueous Ammonia ◽

Swine Manure ◽

Batch Experiments ◽

Ammonia Treatment ◽

Aqueous Ammonia Soaking ◽

High Ammonia ◽

Reduction Efficiency

Swine manure mono-digestion results in relatively low methane productivity due to the low degradation rate of its solid fraction (manure fibers), and due to the high ammonia and water content. The aqueous ammonia soaking (AAS) pretreatment of manure fibers has been proposed for overcoming these limitations. In this study, continuous anaerobic digestion (AD) of manure mixed with optimally AAS-treated manure fibers was compared to the AD of manure mixed with untreated manure fibers. Due to lab-scale pumping restrictions, the ratio of AAS-optimally treated manure fibers to manure was only 1/3 on a total solids (TS) basis. However, the biogas productivity and methane yield were improved by 17% and 38%, respectively, also confirming the predictions from a simplified 1st order hydrolysis model based on batch experiments. Furthermore, an improved reduction efficiency of major organic components was observed for the digester processing AAS-treated manure fibers compared to the non-treated one (e.g., 42% increased reduction for cellulose fraction). A preliminary techno-economic analysis of the proposed process showed that mixing raw manure with AAS manure fibers in large-scale digesters could result in a 72% increase of revenue compared to the AD of manure mixed with untreated fibers and 135% increase compared to that of solely manure.

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Potential of Biochar Derived from Agricultural Residues for Sustainable Management

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13158147 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 8147

Author(s):

Sasiwimol Khawkomol ◽

Rattikan Neamchan ◽

Thunchanok Thongsamer ◽

Soydoa Vinitnantharat ◽

Boonma Panpradit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Agricultural Residues ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Heating Value ◽

Coconut Husk ◽

High Heating Value ◽

Horizontal Drum ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

A horizontal drum kiln is a traditional method widely used in Southeast Asian countries for producing biochar. An understanding of temperature conditions in the kiln and its influence on biochar properties is crucial for identifying suitable biochar applications. In this study, four agricultural residues (corncob, coconut husk, coconut shell, and rice straw) were used for drum kiln biochar production. The agricultural residues were turned into biochar within 100–200 min, depending on their structures. The suitability of biochar for briquette fuels was analyzed using proximate, ultimate, and elemental analysis. The biochar’s physical and chemical properties were characterized via bulk density, iodine number, pHpzc, SEM, and FTIR measurements. All biochars had low O/C and H/C ratios and negative charge from both carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. Coconut husk and shell biochar had desirable properties such as high heating value and a high amount of surface functional groups which can interact with nutrients in soil. These biochars are thus suitable for use for a variety of purposes including as biofuels, adsorbents, and as soil amendments.

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