scholarly journals Pyrolysis-GC/MS Analysis of Fast Growing Wood Macaranga Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-158
Author(s):  
R.R. Dirgarini J.N. Subagyono ◽  
Ying Qi ◽  
Alan L. Chaffee ◽  
Rudianto Amirta ◽  
Marc Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Flash Pyrolysis ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
High Yields

Py-GC/MS analysis of six different species of fast growing Macaranga wood has been studied. Flash pyrolysis was conducted at different temperatures (250-850 oC) under a flow of helium followed by GC/MS analysis of the products. The total pyrolysis yields of the six different species of Macaranga were mostly between 40 and 90% within the range of pyrolysis temperature applied.  Pyrolysis of the woody biomass produced compounds which are mostly derived from thermal degradation or volatilization of lignin and cellulose/hemicellulose, the original major constituents of the biomass. The Py-GC/MS technique indicated that M. gigantea was the most potential species for biofuel production and the optimum pyrolysis temperature to produce high yields of bio-oil was 450 oC.

scholarly journals Influence of Pyrolysis Temperature on Product Distribution and Characteristics of Anaerobic Sludge

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Hanif ◽  
Mohammed Zwawi ◽  
Sergio C. Capareda ◽  
Hamid Iqbal ◽  
Mohammed Algarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Combustible Gases

Pyrolysis of anaerobically digested sludge can serve as an efficient biomass for biofuel production. Pyrolysis produces products like char, bio-oil, and combustible gases by thermochemical conversion process. It can be used for sludge treatment that decreases sludge disposal problems. Sludge produced from anaerobic co-digestion (microalgae, cow dung, and paper) waste has high carbon and hydrogen content. We investigated the candidacy of the anaerobic sludge having high heating value (HHV) of 20.53 MJ/kg as a reliable biomass for biofuels production. The process of pyrolysis was optimized with different temperatures (400, 500, and 600 °C) to produce high quantity and improved quality of the products, mainly bio-oil, char, and gas. The results revealed that with the increase in pyrolysis temperature the quantity of char decreased (81% to 55%), bio-oil increased (3% to 7%), and gas increased (2% to 5%). The HHV of char (19.2 MJ/kg), bio-oil (28.1 MJ/kg), and gas (18.1 MJ/kg) were predominantly affected by the amount of fixed carbon, hydrocarbons, and volatile substance, respectively. The study confirmed that the anaerobic sludge is a promising biomass for biofuel production and pyrolysis is an efficient method for its safe disposal.

scholarly journals Bio-Oil Characterizations of Spirulina Platensis Residue (SPR) Pyrolysis Products for Renewable Energy Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Siti Jamilatun ◽  
Aster Rahayu ◽  
Yano Surya Pradana ◽  
Budhijanto ◽  
Rochmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Bio Oil

Nowadays, energy consumption has increased as a population increases with socio-economic developments and improved living standards. Therefore, it is necessary to find a replacement for fossil energy with renewable energy sources, and the potential to develop is biofuels. Bio-oil, water phase, gas, and char products will be produced by utilizing Spirulina platensis (SPR) microalgae extraction residue as pyrolysis raw material. The purpose of this study is to characterize pyrolysis products and bio-oil analysis with GC-MS. Quality fuel is good if O/C is low, H/C is high, HHV is high, and oxygenate compounds are low, but aliphatic and aromatic are high. Pyrolysis was carried out at a temperature of 300-600°C with a feed of 50 grams in atmospheric conditions with a heating rate of 5-35°C/min, the equipment used was a fixed-bed reactor. The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the higher the bio-oil yield will be to an optimum temperature, then lower. The optimum temperature of pyrolysis is 550°C with a bio-oil yield of 23.99 wt%. The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the higher the H/C, the lower O/C. The optimum condition was reached at a temperature of 500°C with the values of H/C, and O/C is 1.17 and 0.47. With an increase in temperature of 300-600°C, HHV increased from 11.64 MJ/kg to 20.63 MJ/kg, the oxygenate compound decreased from 85.26 to 37.55 wt%. Aliphatics and aromatics increased, respectively, from 5.76 to 36.72 wt% and 1.67 to 6.67 wt%.

scholarly journals Magnetic Field Application to Increase Yield of Microalgal Biomass in Biofuel Production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucielen Oliveira Santos ◽  
Pedro Garcia Pereira Silva ◽  
Sharlene Silva Costa ◽  
Taiele Blumberg Machado
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Microalgal Cultivation ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Magnetic Field Application

Use of fuels from non-renewable sources has currently been considered unsustainable due to the exhaustion of supplies and environmental impacts caused by them. Climate change has concerned and triggered environmental policies that favor research on clean and renewable energy sources. Thus, production of third generation biofuels is a promising path in the biofuel industry. To yield this type of biofuels, microalgae should be highlighted because this raw material contains important biomolecules, such as carbohydrates and lipids. Technological approaches have been developed to improve microalgal cultivation under ecological conditions, such as light intensity, temperature, pH and concentrations of micro and macronutrients. Thus, magnetic field application to microalgal cultivation has become a viable alternative to obtain high yields of biomass concentration and accumulation of carbohydrates and lipids.

Flash pyrolysis of myristic acid adsorbed on supported nickel catalysts for biofuel production

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 1875-1885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilia R. Santos ◽  
Renan F. Sales ◽  
Antônio O. S. Silva ◽  
Camila M. Teixeira ◽  
Jose G. A. Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Nickel Catalysts ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Flash Pyrolysis ◽  
Supported Nickel Catalysts

Utilisation of poultry industry wastes for liquid biofuel production via thermal and catalytic fast pyrolysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Cem Kantarli ◽  
Stylianos D Stefanidis ◽  
Konstantinos G Kalogiannis ◽  
Angelos A Lappas
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Bio Oil

The objective of this study was to examine the potential of poultry wastes to be used as feedstock in non-catalytic and catalytic fast pyrolysis processes, which is a continuation of our previous research on their conversion into biofuel via slow pyrolysis and hydrothermal conversion. Both poultry meal and poultry litter were examined, initially in a fixed bed bench-scale reactor using ZSM-5 and MgO as catalysts. Pyrolysis of poultry meal yielded high amounts of bio-oil, while pyrolysis of poultry litter yielded high amounts of solid residue owing to its high ash content. MgO was found to be more effective for the deoxygenation of bio-oil and reduction of undesirable compounds, by converting mainly the acids in the pyrolysis vapours of poultry meal into aliphatic hydrocarbons. ZSM-5 favoured the formation of both aromatic compounds and undesirable nitrogenous compounds. Overall, all bio-oil samples from the pyrolysis of poultry wastes contained relatively high amounts of nitrogen compared with bio-oils from lignocellulosic biomass, ca. 9 wt.% in the case of poultry meal and ca. 5–8 wt.% in the case of poultry litter. This was attributed to the high nitrogen content of the poultry wastes, unlike that of lignocellulosic biomass. Poultry meal yielded the highest amount of bio-oil and was selected as optimum feedstock to be scaled-up in a semi-pilot scale fluidised bed biomass pyrolysis unit with the ZSM-5 catalyst. Pyrolysis in the fluidised bed reactor was more efficient for deoxygenation of the bio-oil vapours, as evidenced from the lower oxygen content of the bio-oil.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Current Status of Woody Biomass Gasification Power Generation in Japan

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4903
Author(s):  
Yasutsugu Baba ◽  
Andante Hadi Pandyaswargo ◽  
Hiroshi Onoda
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Bio Oil

Forests cover two-thirds of Japan’s land area, and woody biomass is attracting attention as one of the most promising renewable energy sources in the country. The Feed-in Tariff (FIT) Act came into effect in 2012, and since then, woody biomass power generation has spread rapidly. Gasification power generation, which can generate electricity on a relatively small scale, has attracted a lot of attention. However, the technical issues of this technology remain poorly defined. This paper aims to clarify the problems of woody biomass gasification power generation in Japan, specifically on the challenges of improving energy utilization rate, the problem of controlling the moisture content, and the different performance of power generation facilities that uses different tree species. We also describe the technological development of a 2 MW updraft reactor for gasification and bio-oil coproduction to improve the energy utilization rate. The lower heating value of bio-oil, which was obtained in the experiment, was found to be about 70% of A-fuel oil. Among the results, the importance of controlling the moisture content of wood chips is identified from the measurement evaluation of a 0.36 MW-scale downdraft gasifier’s actual operation. We discuss the effects of tree species variation and ash on gasification power generation based on the results of pyrolysis analysis, industry analysis for each tree species. These results indicate the necessity of building a system specifically suited to Japan’s climate and forestry industry to allow woody biomass gasification power generation to become widespread in Japan.

Temperature sensitivity of simulated soils with biochars produced at different temperatures

Soil Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojie Wang ◽  
Guanhong Chen ◽  
Renduo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
C Pools ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
Microbial Enzyme ◽  
Different Temperatures

The temperature sensitivity of multiple carbon (C) pools in the soil plays an important role in the C cycle and potential feedback to climate change. The aim of this study was to investigate the temperature sensitivity of different biochars in soil to better understand the temperature sensitivity of different soil C pools. Biochars were prepared using sugarcane residue at temperatures of 300, 500 and 800°C (representing different C pools) and C skeletons (representing the refractory C pool in biochar) were obtained from each biochar. The sugarcane residue, biochars and C skeletons were used as amendments in a simulated soil with microbes but without organic matter. The temperature sensitivity of the amended soils was characterised by their mineralisation rate changes in response to ambient temperatures. The temperature sensitivity of treatments with relatively refractory biochars was higher than that with labile biochars. The temperature sensitivity of treatments with biochars was lower than for their corresponding C skeletons. The different temperature sensitivity of treatments was attributable to the different internal C structures (i.e. the functional groups of C=C and aromatic structure) of amendments, determining the biodegradability of substrates. Dissolved organic matter and microbial enzyme activity of biochars were lower than those of corresponding C skeletons, and decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. The temperature sensitivities of treatments with biochars, C skeletons and sugarcane residue were negatively correlated with the properties of dissolved organic matter and microbial enzyme activities (especially dehydrogenase) in soil.

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