scholarly journals Optimization of Cold Pressing Process Parameters of Chopped Corn Straws for Fuel

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 652
Author(s):  
Tianyou Chen ◽  
Honglei Jia ◽  
Shengwei Zhang ◽  
Xumin Sun ◽  
Yuqiu Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Compression Stress ◽  
Stabilization Time ◽  
Stability Coefficient ◽  
Maintenance Time ◽  
Maximum Compression Stress

Pressed condensation is a key process before the reclamation of loose corn straws. In this study, the effects of stabilization time on the relaxation density and dimensional stability of corn straws were studied firstly, and then the stabilization time was determined to be 60 s by comprehensively considering the compression effect, energy consumption, efficiency and significance. On this basis, the effects of the water content (12%, 15%, 18%), ratio of pressure maintenance time to stabilization time (0, 0.5, 1), maximum compression stress (60.4, 120.8, 181.2 kPa) and feeding mass (2.5, 3, 3.5 kg) on the relaxation density, dimensional stability coefficient, and specific energy consumption of post-compression straw blocks were investigated by the Box–Behnken design. It was found that the water content, ratio of pressure maintenance time to stabilization time, maximum compression stress, and feeding mass all very significantly affected the relaxation density, dimensional stability coefficient and specific energy consumption. The interaction between water content and maximum compression stress significantly affected both relaxation density and specific energy consumption. The interaction between the ratio of pressure maintenance time to stabilization time and feeding mass significantly affected the dimensional stability coefficient. The factors and the indices were regressed by quadratic equations, with the coefficients of determination larger than 0.97 in all equations. The optimized process parameters were water content of 13.63%, pressure maintenance time of 22.8 s, strain maintenance time of 37.2 s, maximum compression stress of 109.58 kPa, and raw material feeding mass of 3.5 kg. Under these conditions, the relaxation density of cold-pressed straw blocks was 145.63 kg/m3, the dimensional stability coefficient was 86.89%, and specific energy consumption was 245.78 J/kg. The errors between test results and predicted results were less than 2%. The low calorific value of cold-pressed chopped corn straw blocks was 12.8 MJ/kg. Through the situational analysis method based on the internal and external competition environments and competition conditions (SWOT analysis method), the cold-pressed chopped corn straw blocks consumed the lowest forming energy consumption than other forming methods and, thus, are feasible for heating by farmers. Our findings may provide a reference for corn straw bundling, cold-press forming processes and straw bale re-compressing.

Optimization of process variables for briquetting of biochar from corn stover

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 6811-6825
Author(s):  
Wenqiao Jiao ◽  
Lope Galindo Tabil ◽  
Mingjin Xin ◽  
Yuqiu Song ◽  
Bowen Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Experimental Values

Instead of compressing biomass into briquettes, this study considers the compression of biochar. Densification is necessary for biochar to increase bulk density for convenience of handling, transportation, and storage. Response surface methodology was employed, and briquetting of biochar from corn stover was carried out in this study to investigate the effects of moisture content (at levels of 16, 17.6, 20, 22.4, and 24%), pressure (at levels of 21.5, 25, 30, 35, and 38.5 MPa), and residence time (at levels of 4, 6.4, 10, 13.6, and 16 s), on crushing resistance, dimensional stability of briquettes, and specific energy consumption of briquetting. The results showed that the effects of the variables on each evaluation index were significant (P < 0.01), the influence order was obtained, and the regression models are set up. The optimum condition for the briquetting process was moisture content of 18.5%, pressure of 38.5 MPa, and residence time of 4 s, giving mean values of the briquette crushing resistance of 49.9 N, dimensional stability of 93.8%, and specific energy consumption of briquetting of 4.41 MJ/t, respectively. The errors between the predicted values and the experimental values are all less than 5%.

Determination of grinding parameters of fenugreek seed

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Balasubramanian ◽  
Rajkumar Rajkumar ◽  
K K Singh
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds ◽  
Fenugreek Seed

Experiment to identify ambient grinding conditions and energy consumed was conducted for fenugreek. Fenugreek seeds at three moisture content (5.1%, 11.5% and 17.3%, d.b.) were ground using a micro pulverizer hammer mill with different grinding screen openings (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm) and feed rate (8, 16 and 24 kg h-1) at 3000 rpm. Physical properties of fenugreek seeds were also determined. Specific energy consumptions were found to decrease from 204.67 to 23.09 kJ kg-1 for increasing levels of feed rate and grinder screen openings. On the other hand specific energy consumption increased with increasing moisture content. The highest specific energy consumption was recorded for 17.3% moisture content and 8 kg h-1 feed rate with 0.5 mm screen opening. Average particle size decreased from 1.06 to 0.39 mm with increase of moisture content and grinder screen opening. It has been observed that the average particle size was minimum at 0.5 mm screen opening and 8 kg h-1 feed rate at lower moisture content. Bond’s work index and Kick’s constant were found to increase from 8.97 to 950.92 kWh kg-1 and 0.932 to 78.851 kWh kg-1 with the increase of moisture content, feed rate and grinder screen opening, respectively. Size reduction ratio and grinding effectiveness of fenugreek seed were found to decrease from 4.11 to 1.61 and 0.0118 to 0.0018 with the increase of moisture content, feed rate and grinder screen opening, respectively. The loose and compact bulk densities varied from 219.2 to 719.4 kg m-3 and 137.3 to 736.2 kg m-3, respectively.  

scholarly journals Bibliometric Analysis of Specific Energy Consumption (SEC) in Machining Operations: A Sustainable Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5617
Author(s):  
Raman Kumar ◽  
Sehijpal Singh ◽  
Ardamanbir Singh Sidhu ◽  
Catalin I. Pruncu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Data Content ◽  
Author Keywords ◽  
Link Strength ◽  
Inclusive Analysis ◽  
Machining Operations

This paper’s persistence is to make an inclusive analysis of 268 documents about specific energy consumption (SEC) in machining operations from 2001 to 2020 in the Scopus database. A systematic approach collects information on SEC documents’ primary data; their types, publications, citations, and predictions are presented. The VOSviewer 1.1.16 and Biblioshiny 2.0 software are used for visualization analysis to show the progress standing of SEC publications. The selection criteria of documents are set for citation analysis. The ranks are assigned to the most prolific and dominant authors, sources, articles, countries, and organizations based on the total citations, number of documents, average total citation, and total link strength. The author-keywords, index-keywords, and text data content analysis has been conducted to find the hotspots and progress trend in SEC in machining operations. The most prolific and dominant article, source, author, organization, and country are Anderson et al. “Laser-assisted machining of Inconel 718 with an economic analysis”, the Int J Mach Tools Manuf, Shin Y.C., form Purdue University Singapore, and United States, respectively, based on total citations as per defined criteria. The author keywords “specific cutting energy” and “surface roughness” dominate the machining operations SEC. SEC’s implication in machining operations review and bibliometric analysis is to deliver an inclusive perception for the scholars working in this field. It is the primary paper that utilizes bibliometric research to analyze the SEC in machining operations publications expansively. It is valuable for scholars to grasp the hotspots in this field in time and help the researchers in the SEC exploration arena rapidly comprehend the expansion status and trend.

scholarly journals Batch Reverse Osmosis Desalination Modeling under a Time-Dependent Pressure Profile

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Abdeljalil Chougradi ◽  
François Zaviska ◽  
Ahmed Abed ◽  
Jérôme Harmand ◽  
Jamal-Eddine Jellal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Pressure Profile ◽  
Recovery Ratio ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Energetic Performance ◽  
Feed Volume

As world demand for clean water increases, reverse osmosis (RO) desalination has emerged as an attractive solution. Continuous RO is the most used desalination technology today. However, a new generation of configurations, working in unsteady-state feed concentration and pressure, have gained more attention recently, including the batch RO process. Our work presents a mathematical modeling for batch RO that offers the possibility of monitoring all variables of the process, including specific energy consumption, as a function of time and the recovery ratio. Validation is achieved by comparison with data from the experimental set-up and an existing model in the literature. Energetic comparison with continuous RO processes confirms that batch RO can be more energy efficient than can continuous RO, especially at a higher recovery ratio. It used, at recovery, 31% less energy for seawater and 19% less energy for brackish water. Modeling also proves that the batch RO process does not have to function under constant flux to deliver good energetic performance. In fact, under a linear pressure profile, batch RO can still deliver better energetic performance than can a continuous configuration. The parameters analysis shows that salinity, pump and energy recovery devices efficiencies are directly linked to the energy demand. While increasing feed volume has a limited effect after a certain volume due to dilution, it also shows, interestingly, a recovery ratio interval in which feed volume does not affect specific energy consumption.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Microcystin-LR Removal in a Real Lake Water by UV/H2O2 Treatment and Analysis of Specific Energy Consumption

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 810
Author(s):  
Sabrina Sorlini ◽  
Carlo Collivignarelli ◽  
Marco Carnevale Miino ◽  
Francesca Maria Caccamo ◽  
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
World Health ◽  
Oh Radicals ◽  
H2o2 Treatment ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Kinetics Of

The hepatotoxin microcystin-LR (MC-LR) represents one of the most toxic cyanotoxins for human health. Considering its harmful effect, the World Health Organization recommended a limit in drinking water (DW) of 1 µg L−1. Due to the ineffectiveness of conventional treatments present in DW treatment plants against MC-LR, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are gaining interest due to the high redox potential of the OH• radicals. In this work UV/H2O2 was applied to a real lake water to remove MC-LR. The kinetics of the UV/H2O2 were compared with those of UV and H2O2 showing the following result: UV/H2O2 > UV > H2O2. Within the range of H2O2 tested (0–0.9 mM), the results showed that H2O2 concentration and the removal kinetics followed an increasing quadratic relation. By increasing the initial concentration of H2O2, the consumption of oxidant also increased but, in terms of MC-LR degraded for H2O2 dosed, the removal efficiency decreased. As the initial MC-LR initial concentration increased, the removal kinetics increased up to a limit concentration (80 µg L−1) in which the presence of high amounts of the toxin slowed down the process. Operating with UV fluence lower than 950 mJ cm−2, UV alone minimized the specific energy consumption required. UV/H2O2 (0.3 mM) and UV/H2O2 (0.9 mM) were the most advantageous combination when operating with UV fluence of 950–1400 mJ cm−2 and higher than 1400 mJ cm−2, respectively.

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