scholarly journals An Insight into Practical Solutions for Electric Vehicle Charging in Smart Grid

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Deilami ◽  
S. M. Muyeen
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power System ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Smart Power ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Ev Charging

The electrification of transportation has been developed to support energy efficiency and CO2 reduction. As a result, electric vehicles (EVs) have become more popular in the current transport system to create more efficient energy. In recent years, this increase in EVs as well as renewable energy resources (RERs) has led to a major issue for power system networks. This paper studies electrical vehicles (EVs) and their applications in the smart grid and provides practical solutions for EV charging strategies in a smart power system to overcome the issues associated with large-scale EV penetrations. The research first reviews the EV battery infrastructure and charging strategies and introduces the main impacts of uncontrolled charging on the power grid. Then, it provides a practical overview of the existing and future solutions to manage the large-scale integration of EVs into the network. The simulation results for two controlled strategies of maximum sensitivity selection (MSS) and genetic algorithm (GA) optimization are presented and reviewed. A comparative analysis was performed to prove the application and validity of the solution approaches. This also helps researchers with the application of the optimization approaches on EV charging strategies. These two algorithms were implemented on a modified IEEE 23 kV medium voltage distribution system with switched shunt capacitors (SSCs) and a low voltage residential network, including EVs and nonlinear EV battery chargers.

scholarly journals Feasibility Study and Design of In-Road Electric Vehicle Charging Technologies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodora Konstantinou ◽  
Diala Haddad ◽  
Akhil Prasad ◽  
Ethan Wright ◽  
Konstantina Gkritza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Wireless Charging ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Early Adopters ◽  
Pavement Preservation ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Ev Charging

Electric Roadways (ERs) or Dynamic Wireless Charging (DWC) lanes offer an alternative dynamic and wireless charging method that has the potential of giving electric vehicles (EV) limitless range while they are moving. Heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) are expected to be early adopters of the DWC technology due to the higher benefits offered to these vehicles that are traveling on fixed routes. The goal of this project was to assess the feasibility of ERs in Indiana and design a test bed for in-road EV charging technologies. The most suitable locations for implementing DWC lanes were identified on interstates that are characterized by high truck traffic. Using I-65 S as a case study, it was found that DWC can be economically feasible for the developer and competitive for the EV owner at high and medium future projections of EV market penetration levels. However, the existing substations are unlikely to serve future DWC needs for HDVs. Thus, consideration should be given to substation expansion to support EVs as market penetration expands. Implementing the DWC technology on interstates and jointly with major pavement preservation activities is recommended. Large scale deployment can significantly reduce the high initial investment. Renewable energy resources (solar and wind) deployed in the vicinity of ERs can reduce the electricity costs and associated greenhouse gas emissions.

scholarly journals Sparse Measurement-Based Coordination of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations to Manage Congestions in Low Voltage Grids

Smart Cities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-40
Author(s):  
Daniel-Leon Schultis
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Congestion Management ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
System State ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Vehicle Charging ◽  
Charging Stations

The increasing use of distributed generation and electric vehicle charging stations provokes violations of the operational limits in low voltage grids. The mitigation of voltage limit violations is addressed by Volt/var control strategies, while thermal overload is avoided by using congestion management. Congestions in low voltage grids can be managed by coordinating the active power contributions of the connected elements. As a prerequisite, the system state must be carefully observed. This study presents and investigates a method for the sparse measurement-based detection of feeder congestions that bypasses the major hurdles of distribution system state estimation. Furthermore, the developed method is used to enable congestion management by the centralized coordination of the distributed electric vehicle charging stations. Different algorithms are presented and tested by conducting load flow simulations on a real urban low voltage grid for several scenarios. Results show that the proposed method reliably detects all congestions, but in some cases, overloads are detected when none are present. A minimal detection accuracy of 73.07% is found across all simulations. The coordination algorithms react to detected congestions by reducing the power consumption of the corresponding charging stations. When properly designed, this strategy avoids congestions reliably but conservatively. Unnecessary reduction of the charging power may occur. In total, the presented solution offers an acceptable performance while requiring low implementation effort; no complex adaptations are required after grid reinforcement and expansion.

scholarly journals Potential of individual heat pumps for renewable energy storage in Smart Grid

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00057
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Niemierka ◽  
Piotr Jadwiszczak
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Green Power

Ever-increasing power market and environmental policy enforce growth of renewable power sources. Renewables inflexibility and dependency on weather condition causes periodically imbalance in power system due to the green power overproduction. With the increase of renewable sources, the balancing problems in power system will be increasingly significance issue. It is proposed to use individual heat pumps as a next tool for energy system adjustment support. Power system adjustment will be carried out by active demand side management by intended domestic hot water tanks overheating. The smart grid individual heat pumps setpoints will be switched at community or even country scale. The strategy allows shaving the overproduction peaks through short-term increase of electricity consumption in remote controlled heat pumps and to lowering power demand during green power deficits using the thermal energy stored in overheated domestic hot water. The dynamic mathematical simulations were made to define the operation and limitation of active control strategy of heat pumps integrated into smart grid. The results allow testing and assessing the potential of individual heat pumps as a next tool for balancing the power system with large scale of renewable power.

scholarly journals Optimal Distribution Grid Operation Using DLMP-Based Pricing for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in a Smart City

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Canizes ◽  
João Soares ◽  
Zita Vale ◽  
Juan Corchado
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Pricing ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Smart City ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Energy Pricing ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ev Charging

The use of electric vehicles (EVs) is growing in popularity each year, and as a result, considerable demand increase is expected in the distribution network (DN). Additionally, the uncertainty of EV user behavior is high, making it urgent to understand its impact on the network. Thus, this paper proposes an EV user behavior simulator, which operates in conjunction with an innovative smart distribution locational marginal pricing based on operation/reconfiguration, for the purpose of understanding the impact of the dynamic energy pricing on both sides: the grid and the user. The main goal, besides the distribution system operator (DSO) expenditure minimization, is to understand how and to what extent dynamic pricing of energy for EV charging can positively affect the operation of the smart grid and the EV charging cost. A smart city with a 13-bus DN and a high penetration of distributed energy resources is used to demonstrate the application of the proposed models. The results demonstrate that dynamic energy pricing for EV charging is an efficient approach that increases monetary savings considerably for both the DSO and EV users.

Planning of Distribution System with High Penetration Level for Distributed Generation in Smart Grid

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Tajik
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Power Distribution System ◽  
High Penetration

Nowadays, the utilization of renewable energy resources in distribution systems (DSs) has been rapidly increased. Since distribution generation (DG) use renewable resources (i.e., biomass, wind and solar) are emerging as proper solutions for electricity generation. Regarding the tremendous deployment of DG, common distribution networks are undergoing a transition to DSs, and the common planning methods have become traditional in the high penetration level. Indeed, in conformity with the voltage violation challenge of these resources, this problem must be dealt with too. So, due to the high penetration of DG resources and nonlinear nature of most industrial loads, the planning of DG installation has become an important issue in power systems. The goal of this paper is to determine the planning of DG in distribution systems through smart grid to minimize losses and control grid factors. In this regard, the present work intending to propose a suitable method for the planning of DSs, the key properties of DS planning problem are evaluated from the various aspects, such as the allocation of DGs, and planning, and high-level uncertainties. Also depending on these analyses, this universal literature review addressed the updated study associated with DS planning. In this work, an operational design has been prepared for a higher performance of the power distribution system in the presence of DG. Artificial neural network (ANN) has been used as a method for voltage monitoring and generation output optimization. The findings of the study show that the proposed method can be utilized as a technique to improve the process of the distribution system under various penetration levels and in the presence of DG. Also, the findings revealed that the optimal use of ANN method leads to more controllable and apparent DS.

Design of Low-Voltage Power Distribution System

2013 ◽  
Vol 791-793 ◽  
pp. 1889-1891
Author(s):  
Yan Li Fan ◽  
Qing En Li
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Voltage Distribution ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Power Distribution System ◽  
High Rise

The low-voltage distribution system is the key component of the electrical power system. Some analysis and research of the low-voltage distribution system is carried out in this paper, which provides some scientific basis to design the low-voltage distribution system. Firstly, the summarize of low-voltage distribution system is taken. The influence to productions and livings of low-voltage distribution system is introduced. Secondly, the mode of connection and design philosophy of low-voltage distribution system is studied in detail, especially the high-rise buildings low-voltage distribution system is concluded and summarized.

A Survey on Smart Grid Distributed Power Flow: IEC61850, IEC 61499 and Intelligent Controls

2014 ◽  
Vol 573 ◽  
pp. 346-351
Author(s):  
G.S. Satheesh Kumar ◽  
Chinnadurai Nagarajan ◽  
M. Lizzy Nesa Bagyam
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Reconfigurable Software ◽  
Iec 61499

A Recent concept of distribution infrastructure plays a vital role in the efficient utilization of energy. To avoid global warming and greenhouse gas emission, carbon based power plant should be replaced with distributed renewable energy (DRE) such as wind, solar etc. Renewable energy resources can be integrated to grid by intelligent electronic devices (IED). This paper deals with the novel automation architecture that supports power distribution systems to avoid power blackout and also it briefs the major requirement of the smart grid distribution system needed for a competitive world. International standard IEC 61850 and IEC 61499 provides a solution for substation automation through intelligent logical nodes (ILNs) which enhances interoperability and configurability.Later an open source platform is used for enhancing the communication that automatically generates the data model and communication nodes for intelligent electronic devices.However for future requirements in smart grid, the addition of new functions as well as the adaptation of function for IEDs is necessary. A concept of reconfigurable software architecture is introduced for integrating distributed and renewable energy resources. Such interfaces and services provide adaptation of the functional structure and contribute efficient Smart Grid system. This survey summarizes the communication infrastructure of smart energy system.

Study on Loss Reduction of Large Scale Wind Power Concentrated Integration on Power System

2013 ◽  
Vol 380-384 ◽  
pp. 3051-3056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Dan Wu ◽  
Wen Ying Liu
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Main Step ◽  
Loss Reduction ◽  
Wind Generators

In this paper, starting from the active network loss formulas and wind characteristics, it is pointed out the reactive power loss and reactive flow is the major impact of wind power integration on power system loss. The reactive power loss formulas of box-type transformer, main step-up transformer, wind farm collector line and connecting grid line are analyzed. Next the reactive power loss of transformer and transmission line is described in detail. Then put forward the loss reduction measures that installing SVC on the low voltage side of the main step-up transformer and making the doubly-fed wind generators send out some reactive power at an allowed power factor. Use the case of Gansu Qiaodong wind farm to verify the effectiveness of the proposed measures.

scholarly journals Investigation of THD Analysis in Residential Distribution Systems with Different Penetration Levels of Electric Vehicles

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Jayababu Badugu ◽  
Y.P. Obulesu ◽  
Ch. Sai Babu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Voltage Distortion ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Residential Distribution ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
Ev Charging

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are becoming a viable transportation option because they are environmentally friendly and provide solutions to high oil prices. This paper investigates the impacts of electric vehicles on harmonic distortions in urban radial residential distribution systems. The accomplishment of EV innovation relies on the accessibility of EV charging stations. To meet the power demand of growing EVs, utilities are introducing EV charging stations in private and public areas; this led to a change in the residential distribution system infrastructure. In this paper, an urban radial residential distribution system with the integration of an electric vehicle charging facility is considered for investigation. An impact of different EV penetration levels on voltage distortion is analysed. Different penetration levels of EVs into the residential distribution system are considered. Simulation results are presented to validate the work carried out in this paper. An attempt has been made to establish the relationship between the level of penetration of the EVs and voltage distortion in terms of THD (Total Harmonic Distortion)

Review of Available Transfer Capability Determination with Grid Connected Hybrid Wind System using Probabilistic Collocation Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhar Khairuddin ◽  
Alhammi A. I.
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Collocation Method ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Transient Stability ◽  
Available Transfer Capability ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Probabilistic Collocation Method ◽  
Transfer Capability ◽  
Probabilistic Collocation

Any distribution system with large integration of renewable energy based dispersed generations exposed to   several difficulties clearly appeared while evaluating complex large-scale system Available Transfer Capability (ATC), where it is considered as one of the indices reflecting levels of reliability and security for power systems. This paper presents a review of ATC determination of the hybrid wind connected system using Probabilistic Collocation Method (PCM) under transient stability, voltage constraints. Applications of PCM technique in several electrical fields of power system transient-state evaluation are also debated, compared with Monte Carlo method. The first results shows the vast time saving obtained using PCM, with satisfied accuracy. The main goal of the review is to exploring different available usages of PCM technique and their corresponding suitable so that a reasonably precise and effective PCM algorithm can be determined for the concerned system, the relevant theory is outlined here, and unpretentious examples are applied to illustrate the applicability computation of ATC value implementing PCM method, as well as an example with a more credible power system, are obtainable. The feasibility of the suggested method would be validating through in the IEEE-24 RTS bus system.

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