scholarly journals Towards the Integration of Modern Power Systems into a Cyber–Physical Framework

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2169
Author(s):  
George C. Konstantopoulos ◽  
Antonio T. Alexandridis ◽  
Panos C. Papageorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Market Management ◽  
Social Environmental

The cyber–physical system (CPS) architecture provides a novel framework for analyzing and expanding research and innovation results that are essential in managing, controlling and operating complex, large scale, industrial systems under a holistic insight. Power systems constitute such characteristically large industrial structures. The main challenge in deploying a power system as a CPS lies on how to combine and incorporate multi-disciplinary, core, and advanced technologies into the specific for this case, social, environmental, economic and engineering aspects. In order to substantially contribute towards this target, in this paper, a specific CPS scheme that clearly describes how a dedicated cyber layer is deployed to manage and interact with comprehensive multiple physical layers, like those found in a large-scale modern power system architecture, is proposed. In particular, the measurement, communication, computation, control mechanisms, and tools installed at different hierarchical frames that are required to consider and modulate the social/environmental necessities, as well as the electricity market management, the regulation of the electric grid, and the power injection/absorption of the controlled main devices and distributed energy resources, are all incorporated in a common CPS framework. Furthermore, a methodology for investigating and analyzing the dynamics of different levels of the CPS architecture (including physical devices, electricity and communication networks to market, and environmental and social mechanisms) is provided together with the necessary modelling tools and assumptions made in order to close the loop between the physical and the cyber layers. An example of a real-world industrial micro-grid that describes the main aspects of the proposed CPS-based design for modern electricity grids is also presented at the end of the paper to further explain and visualize the proposed framework.

scholarly journals Voltage Coordination via Communication in Large-Scale Multi-Area Power Systems. Part I: Principal

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 7175-7182
Author(s):  
Mohammad Moradzadeh ◽  
René Boel
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electric Power Systems ◽  
Coordination Control ◽  
Coordination Problem ◽  
Control Actions ◽  
System Operator

This two-part paper deals with the coordination of the control actions in a network of many interacting components, where each component is controlled by independent control agents. As a case study we consider voltage control in large electric power systems, where ever-increasing pressures from the liberalization and globalization of the electricity market has led to partitioning the power system into multiple areas each operated by an independent Transmission System Operator (TSO). Coordination of local control actions taken by those TSOs is a very challenging problem as poorly coordinated operation of TSOs may endanger the power system security by increasing the risk of blackouts. This coordination problem involves many other issues such as communication, abstraction and last but not least optimization. This first part of the paper is devoted to the principals of the coordination control, addressing some of those issues using as a case study the problem of coordination control for avoiding voltage collapse in large-scale multi-area power systems.

scholarly journals Voltage Coordination via Communication in Large-Scale Multi-Area Power Systems. Part II: Simulation Results

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 7183-7189
Author(s):  
Mohammad Moradzadeh ◽  
René Boel
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Test System ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
Distributed Model Predictive Control ◽  
Control Actions ◽  
Simulation Results

This two-part paper deals with the coordination of the control actions in a network of many interacting components, where each component is controlled by independent control agents. As a case study we consider voltage control in large electric power systems where ever-increasing pressures from the liberalization and globalization of the electricity market has led to partitioning the power system into multiple areas each operated by an independent Transmission System Operator (TSO). Coordination of local control actions taken by those TSOs is a very challenging problem as poorly coordinated operation of TSOs may endanger the power system security by increasing the risk of blackouts. This second part of the paper presents simulation results on a 12-bus 3-area test system, using the distributed model predictive control paradigm in order to design a coordinating model-based feedback controller. Coordination requires that each agent has some information on what the future evolution of its power flows to and from its neighbors will be. It will be shown that how the communication between agents can avoid voltage collapse in circumstances where classical uncoordinated controllers fail.

scholarly journals A Novel Methodology for Adaptive Coordination of Multiple Controllers in Electrical Grids

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 1474
Author(s):  
Ruben Tapia-Olvera ◽  
Francisco Beltran-Carbajal ◽  
Antonio Valderrabano-Gonzalez ◽  
Omar Aguilar-Mejia
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Positive Interaction

This proposal is aimed to overcome the problem that arises when diverse regulation devices and controlling strategies are involved in electric power systems regulation design. When new devices are included in electric power system after the topology and regulation goals were defined, a new design stage is generally needed to obtain the desired outputs. Moreover, if the initial design is based on a linearized model around an equilibrium point, the new conditions might degrade the whole performance of the system. Our proposal demonstrates that the power system performance can be guaranteed with one design stage when an adequate adaptive scheme is updating some critic controllers’ gains. For large-scale power systems, this feature is illustrated with the use of time domain simulations, showing the dynamic behavior of the significant variables. The transient response is enhanced in terms of maximum overshoot and settling time. This is demonstrated using the deviation between the behavior of some important variables with StatCom, but without or with PSS. A B-Spline neural networks algorithm is used to define the best controllers’ gains to efficiently attenuate low frequency oscillations when a short circuit event is presented. This strategy avoids the parameters and power system model dependency; only a dataset of typical variable measurements is required to achieve the expected behavior. The inclusion of PSS and StatCom with positive interaction, enhances the dynamic performance of the system while illustrating the ability of the strategy in adding different controllers in only one design stage.

scholarly journals The Flexible Operation of Coal Power and Its Renewable Integration Potential in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunning Na ◽  
Huan Pan ◽  
Yuhong Zhu ◽  
Jiahai Yuan ◽  
Lixia Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Integration ◽  
Flexible Resources ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
Coal Power ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Flexible Operation

At present time, China’s power systems face significant challenges in integrating large-scale renewable energy and reducing the curtailed renewable energy. In order to avoid the curtailment of renewable energy, the power systems need significant flexibility requirements in China. In regions where coal is still heavily relied upon for generating electricity, the flexible operations of coal power units will be the most feasible option to face these challenges. The study first focused on the reasons why the flexible operation of existing coal power units would potentially promote the integration of renewable energy in China and then reviewed the impacts on the performance levels of the units. A simple flexibility operation model was constructed to estimate the integration potential with the existing coal power units under several different scenarios. This study’s simulation results revealed that the existing retrofitted coal power units could provide flexibility in the promotion of the integration of renewable energy in a certain extent. However, the integration potential increment of 20% of the rated power for the coal power units was found to be lower than that of 30% of the rated power. Therefore, by considering the performance impacts of the coal power units with low performances in load operations, it was considered to not be economical for those units to operate at lower than 30% of the rated power. It was believed that once the capacity share of the renewable energy had achieved a continuously growing trend, the existing coal power units would fail to meet the flexibility requirements. Therefore, it was recommended in this study that other flexible resources should be deployed in the power systems for the purpose of reducing the curtailment of renewable energy. Furthermore, based on this study’s obtained evidence, in order to realize a power system with high proportions of renewable energy, China should strive to establish a power system with adequate flexible resources in the future.

Decentralized H ∞ control for damping power system oscillations

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Jie Li ◽  
Tek Lie
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Digital Simulation ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Disturbance Attenuation ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Stability Robustness ◽  
Norm Bound

AbstractInter-area oscillations are serious problems to large-scale power systems. A decentralized H ∞ generator excitation controller of a power system is proposed to damp the inter-area oscillations and to enhance power system stability. The design procedure for a linear composite system is presented in terms of positive semi-definite solutions to modified algebraic inequalities. The resulting controller guarantees closed-loop stability, robustness and an H ∞-norm bound on disturbance attenuation even under uncertainties such as high frequency noise. The control is decentralized in the sense that the control of each generator depends on local information only. The effectiveness of the H ∞ controller is demonstrated through digital simulation studies on a two-machine power system.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Potential Contribution of District Heating to the Flexibility of the Future Italian Power System

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Chiara Magni ◽  
Sylvain Quoilin ◽  
Alessia Arteconi
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
The Future ◽  
Promising Solution

Flexibility is crucial to enable the penetration of high shares of renewables in the power system while ensuring the security and affordability of the electricity dispatch. In this regard, heat–electricity sector coupling technologies are considered a promising solution for the integration of flexible devices such as thermal storage units and heat pumps. The deployment of these devices would also enable the decarbonization of the heating sector, responsible for around half of the energy consumption in the EU, of which 75% is currently supplied by fossil fuels. This paper investigates in which measure the diffusion of district heating (DH) coupled with thermal energy storage (TES) units can contribute to the overall system flexibility and to the provision of operating reserves for energy systems with high renewable penetration. The deployment of two different DH supply technologies, namely combined heat and power units (CHP) and large-scale heat pumps (P2HT), is modeled and compared in terms of performance. The case study analyzed is the future Italian energy system, which is simulated through the unit commitment and optimal dispatch model Dispa-SET. Results show that DH coupled with heat pumps and CHP units could enable both costs and emissions related to the heat–electricity sector to be reduced by up to 50%. DH systems also proved to be a promising solution to grant the flexibility and resilience of power systems with high shares of renewables by significantly reducing the curtailment of renewables and cost-optimally providing up to 15% of the total upward reserve requirements.

scholarly journals Adaptive Integral Second-Order Sliding Mode Control Design for Load Frequency Control of Large-Scale Power System with Communication Delays

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Anh-Tuan Tran ◽  
Bui Le Ngoc Minh ◽  
Phong Thanh Tran ◽  
Van Van Huynh ◽  
Van-Duc Phan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Mode Control ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Communication Delays ◽  
Second Order Sliding Mode

Nowadays, the power systems are getting more and more complicated because of the delays introduced by the communication networks. The existence of the delays usually leads to the degradation and/or instability of power system performance. On account of this point, the traditional load frequency control (LFC) approach for power system sketches a destabilizing impact and an unacceptable system performance. Therefore, this paper proposes a new LFC based on adaptive integral second-order sliding mode control (AISOSMC) approach for the large-scale power system with communication delays (LSPSwCD). First, a new linear matrix inequality is derived to ensure the stability of whole power systems using Lyapunov stability theory. Second, an AISOSMC law is designed to ensure the finite time reachability of the system states. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time the AISOSMC is designed for LFC of the LSPSwCD. In addition, the report of testing results presents that the suggested LFC based on AISOSMC can not only decrease effectively the frequency variation but also make successfully less in mount of power oscillation/fluctuation in tie-line exchange.

scholarly journals Effect of Hybrid Power Station Installation in the Operation of Insular Power Systems

Inventions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bouzounierakis ◽  
Katsigiannis ◽  
Fiorentzis ◽  
Karapidakis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Load Demand ◽  
Test Operation ◽  
Hourly Data

Greece has a large number of islands that are isolated from the main interconnected Greek power system; however, a majority of them are to be interconnected in the mainland grid over the next decade. A large number of these islands present a significant amount of wind and solar potential. The nature of load demand and renewable production is stochastic; thus, the operation of such isolated power systems can be improved significantly by the installation of a large-scale energy storage system. The role of storage is to compensate for the long and short-term imbalances between power generation and load demand. Pumped hydro storage (PHS) systems represent one of the most mature technologies for large-scale energy storage. However, their advantages have not been proven in practice for cases of medium and small-sized isolated insular systems. Regarding Greece, which contains a large number of isolated insular systems, a PHS system in the island of Ikaria started its test operation in 2019, whereas in Europe only one PHS system operates in El Hierro (Canary Islands). This paper studies the effect of installing a wind-PHS hybrid power station in the operation of the insular power system of Samos, Greece, according to the latest regulatory framework. The implemented analysis uses real hourly data for a whole year, and examines the effects of such an installation considering investors’ and power system operators’ viewpoints. More specifically, the economic viability of this project under different billing scenarios is compared, and its impact on the insular power system operation for various PHS sizes is examined.

scholarly journals Operational Planning and Bidding for District Heating Systems with Uncertain Renewable Energy Production

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Blanco ◽  
Daniela Guericke ◽  
Anders Andersen ◽  
Henrik Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Operational Planning ◽  
Solution Approach ◽  
The Impact

In countries with an extended use of district heating (DH), the integrated operation of DH and power systems can increase the flexibility of the power system, achieving a higher integration of renewable energy sources (RES). DH operators can not only provide flexibility to the power system by acting on the electricity market, but also profit from the situation to lower the overall system cost. However, the operational planning and bidding includes several uncertain components at the time of planning: electricity prices as well as heat and power production from RES. In this publication, we propose a planning method based on stochastic programming that supports DH operators by scheduling the production and creating bids for the day-ahead and balancing electricity markets. We apply our solution approach to a real case study in Denmark and perform an extensive analysis of the production and trading behavior of the DH system. The analysis provides insights on system costs, how DH system can provide regulating power, and the impact of RES on the planning.

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