scholarly journals Thermal Storage Using Metallic Phase Change Materials for Bus Heating—State of the Art of Electric Buses and Requirements for the Storage System

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Kraft ◽  
Veronika Stahl ◽  
Peter Vetter
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Metallic Phase ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Electric Bus

Battery-powered electric buses currently face the challenges of high cost and limited range, especially in winter conditions, where interior heating is required. To face both challenges, the use of thermal energy storage based on metallic phase change materials for interior heating, also called thermal high-performance storage, is considered. By replacing the battery capacity through such an energy storage system, which is potentially lighter, smaller, and cheaper than the batteries used in buses, an overall reduction in cost and an increase of range in winter conditions could be reached. Since the use of thermal high-performance storage as a heating system in a battery-powered electric bus is a new approach, the requirements for such a system first need to be known to be able to proceed with further steps. To find these requirements, a review of the relevant state of the art of battery-powered electric buses, with a focus on heating systems, was done. Other relevant aspects were vehicle types, electric architecture, battery systems, and charging strategies. With the help of this review, requirements for thermal high-performance storage as a heating system for a battery-powered electric bus were produced. Categories for these requirements were the thermal capacity and performance, long-term stability, mass and volume, cost, electric connection, thermal connection, efficiency, maintenance, safety, adjustment, and ecology.

scholarly journals Performance Improvement of a Household Refrigerator using Phase Change Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 032-041
Author(s):  
Pradeep N ◽  
Somesh Subramanian S
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Latent Heat Storage ◽  
Peak Loads ◽  
Change Material

Thermal energy storage through phase change material has been used for wide applications in the field of air conditioning and refrigeration. The specific use of this thermal storage has been for energy storage during low demand and release of this energy during peak loads with potential to provide energy savings due to this. The principle of latent heat storage using phase change materials (PCMs) can be incorporated into a thermal storage system suitable for using deep freezers. The evaporator is covered with another box which has storage capacity or passage through phase change material. The results revealed that the performance is increased from 3.2 to 3.5 by using PCM.

scholarly journals Experimental Evaluation of Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Materials in a Finned Storage Unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5814-5818
Author(s):  
M. A. Aichouni ◽  
N. F. Alshammari ◽  
N. Ben Khedher ◽  
M. Aichouni
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Al2o3 Nanoparticles ◽  
Storage Unit ◽  
Experimental Apparatus

The intermittent nature of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind necessitates integration with energy-storage units to enable realistic applications. In this study, thermal performance enhancement of the finned Cylindrical Thermal Energy Storage (C-TES) with nano-enhanced Phase Change Material (PCM) integrated with the water heating system under Storage, Charging and Discharging (SCD) conditions were investigated experimentally. The effects of the addition of copper oxide (CuO) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles in PCM on thermal conductivity, specific heat, and on charging and discharging performance rates were theoretically and experimentally investigated and studied in detail. The experimental apparatus utilized paraffin wax as PCM, which was filled in Finned C-TES to conduct the experiments. The experimental results showed a positive improvement compared with the non-nano additive PCM. The significance and originality of this project lies within the evaluation and identification of preferable metal-oxides with higher potential for improving thermal performance.

Analysis of the Applicability of Effective Thermophysical Properties to Composite Phase Change Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
pp. 813-818
Author(s):  
Zi Wei Li ◽  
Elisabetta Gariboldi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Effective Properties ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Metallic Phase ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
Bottom Surface ◽  
Temperature Model

Coarse form-stable phase change materials (FS-PCMs) can tailor the properties of pure PCMs. This is often attained by the presence of high-melting, high-thermal conductivity metallic phase which enhances the thermal energy storage/release. The evaluation of the thermal response of these composite materials in unsteady conditions, is not an easy task, and simplifications introduced to deal with them must be carefully considered. A set of FS-PCMs of prismatic geometry with polymeric wax as PCM and an Al foam with various pore sizes, modelled as BCC lattice has been considered in this paper. The thermal response under a set of boundary conditions with constant heat flux at the bottom surface, all other being adiabatic, was investigated both by direct simulations approach modelling the two phases and the ‘1-temperature model’, which considers the material as homogeneous and characterized by a proper set of effective properties. The ‘1-temperature model’ is able to closely reproduce the whole the local thermal history only within certain validity ranges, even if it can well reproduce the ‘average’ energy storage due to the transformation of the PCM phase.

Dual-Functional Phase Change Nanocapsules Based on n-Octadecane Core and Polypyrrole Shell

2016 ◽  
Vol 697 ◽  
pp. 781-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Yang Yang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Guo Lin Song ◽  
Guo Yi Tang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Infrared Thermal Imaging ◽  
Storage Technology ◽  
Dual Functional ◽  
Energy Storage Technology ◽  
Infrared Spectrophotometer

Phase change method is one of the efficient approach in resolving energy problem for solar energy storage. However, phase change materials seriously affect the heat storage system with low heat releasing and absorbing rate for poor thermal conductivity performance, which result in an inefficient thermal energy storage technology and uncertain economic perspective. In this paper, we prepared dual-functional phase change nanocapsules based on n-octadecane core and polypyrrole shell. Polypyrrole was employed to enhance the electric conductivity and thermal conductivity. The nanocapsules was characterized using Fourier transformed infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and infrared thermal imaging. The results shows a good thermal behavior and high latent heat of 81.99J/g. The dual-fuctional phase change nanocapsules can be expected with a prospect of future profits in energy storage technology.

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