scholarly journals Utilization of Agricultural and Livestock Waste in Anaerobic Digestion (A.D): Applying the Biorefinery Concept in a Circular Economy

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grigorios Rekleitis ◽  
Katherine-Joanne Haralambous ◽  
Maria Loizidou ◽  
Konstantinos Aravossis
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Central Process ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Specific Biomass ◽  
Soil Enhancement

There has been intense debate over the depletion of fossil fuel reserves in recent decades as well as the greenhouse gas emissions that are causing climate change. At the same time, new legislation in Greece, national policies, European policies, and realistic needs, need effective waste management and the protection of national resources. As a result, it seems a necessity to exploit waste treatments, while expanding the use of renewable energy sources. In this study, an attempt is made to focus our interest and research on a specific biomass waste stream, namely the waste biomass from the agricultural-livestock sector. The possibility of processing these wastes through the technology of biomass biorefinery with anaerobic digestion as its central process will be studied. The technology of anaerobic digestion is a process widely used for the treatment of agricultural residues and livestock waste as well as for the exploitation of energy crops (energy development, soil enhancement) mainly in countries in Europe and globally. This study reviews the biorefinery biomass technology, the energy production technology, production of biofuels, and new materials from waste biomass at the behest of the circular economy and bioeconomy. Additionally, this research will be an introduction in maximizing the potential of the full utilization of agricultural and livestock waste, and the by-products that can be produced from these processes.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ECONOMIC CONCEPT OF A CLOSED CYCLE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
A. V. SAMOYLOV ◽  
◽  
A. P. DROZDOVA ◽  
S. M. MOLCHANOVA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Resource Consumption ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Economic Concept ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Improved Design

The article discusses the basic principles of the implementation of the transition from a linear economy to a circular economy model. The article summarizes the existing problems that require solutions to create new jobs, increase economic growth, and create a balance between the economy, environment and population. The authors present examples of building a circular economy model in foreign countries. The importance of the tasks of implementing and promoting the circular economy was revealed, thanks to the involvement of all participants in the society in this process and the motivation for companies and investors. Effective tools for moving society towards a resource-efficient closed-cycle economy, increasing energy efficiency, energy conservation and reducing the energy intensity of the gross domestic product, due to the entry into a competitive level of renewable energy sources are investigated. The introduction of digital technologies and artificial intelligence in automated accounting of resource consumption, as well as the improvement of accounting rules will create opportunities for the end user to manage resource consumption taking into account the principles of a circular economy. The authors' study emphasizes that circular economy products and services should minimize resource use and promote reuse, recovery and recycling of materials in the future, leveraging existing product policy instruments, further support for the repair sector, improved design for reuse, and high-quality packaging recycling. The authors in the article propose to legislate the subsidizing of enterprises participating in the circular chain and subsidizing innovative developments in the field of the circular economy in the Russian Federation.

Renewable energy generation from livestock waste for a sustainable circular economy in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 110695
Author(s):  
KM Nazmul Islam ◽  
Tapan Sarker ◽  
Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary ◽  
Anashuwa Chowdhury Atri ◽  
Mohammad Shafiul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Renewable Energy Generation

scholarly journals An Integrated Approach to Convert Lignocellulosic and Wool Residues into Balanced Fertilisers

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Filippo Marchelli ◽  
Giorgio Rovero ◽  
Massimo Curti ◽  
Elisabetta Arato ◽  
Barbara Bosio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Lignocellulosic Residues ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
C And N ◽  
Water Hydrolysis ◽  
Conversion Technologies

Valorising biomass waste and producing renewable energy or materials is the aim of several conversion technologies. In this work, we consider two residues from different production chains: lignocellulosic residues from agriculture and wool residues from sheep husbandry. These materials are produced in large quantities, and their disposal is often costly and challenging for farmers. For their valorisation, we focus on slow pyrolysis for the former and water hydrolysis for the latter, concisely presenting the main literature related to these two processes. Pyrolysis produces the C-rich biochar, suitable for soil amending. Hydrolysis produces a N-rich fertiliser. We demonstrate how these two processes could be fruitfully integrated, as their products can be flexibly mixed to produce fertilisers. This solution would allow the achievement of balanced and tuneable ratios between C and N and the enhancement of the mechanical properties. We propose scenarios for this combined valorisation and for its coupling with other industries. As a result, biomass waste would be returned to the field, following the principles of circular economy.

scholarly journals Lignin Extraction from Waste Pine Sawdust Using a Biomass Derived Binary Solvent System

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1090
Author(s):  
Solange Magalhães ◽  
Alexandra Filipe ◽  
Elodie Melro ◽  
Catarina Fernandes ◽  
Carla Vitorino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Fractionation Process ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Renewable Chemicals ◽  
Lignin Extraction

Lignocellulosic biomass fractionation is typically performed using methods that are somehow harsh to the environment, such as in the case of kraft pulping. In recent years, the development of new sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives has grown significantly. Among the developed systems, bio-based solvents emerge as promising alternatives for biomass processing. Therefore, in the present work, the bio-based and renewable chemicals, levulinic acid (LA) and formic acid (FA), were combined to fractionate lignocellulosic waste (i.e., maritime pine sawdust) and isolate lignin. Different parameters, such as LA:FA ratio, temperature, and extraction time, were optimized to boost the yield and purity of extracted lignin. The LA:FA ratio was found to be crucial regarding the superior lignin extraction from the waste biomass. Moreover, the increase in temperature and extraction time enhances the amount of extracted residue but compromises the lignin purity and reduces its molecular weight. The electron microscopy images revealed that biomass samples suffer significant structural and morphological changes, which further suggests the suitability of the newly developed bio-fractionation process. The same was concluded by the FTIR analysis, in which no remaining lignin was detected in the cellulose-rich fraction. Overall, the novel combination of bio-sourced FA and LA has shown to be a very promising system for lignin extraction with high purity from biomass waste, thus contributing to extend the opportunities of lignin manipulation and valorization into novel added-value biomaterials.

Biocatalysis and biomass conversion: enabling a circular economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 378 (2176) ◽  
pp. 20190274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger A. Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Precious Metal Catalysts ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
Forestry Residues ◽  
The Right

This paper is based on a lecture presented to the Royal Society in London on 24 June 2019. Two of the grand societal and technological challenges of the twenty-first century are the ‘greening' of chemicals manufacture and the ongoing transition to a sustainable, carbon neutral economy based on renewable biomass as the raw material, a so-called bio-based economy. These challenges are motivated by the need to eliminate environmental degradation and mitigate climate change. In a bio-based economy, ideally waste biomass, particularly agricultural and forestry residues and food supply chain waste, are converted to liquid fuels, commodity chemicals and biopolymers using clean, catalytic processes. Biocatalysis has the right credentials to achieve this goal. Enzymes are biocompatible, biodegradable and essentially non-hazardous. Additionally, they are derived from inexpensive renewable resources which are readily available and not subject to the large price fluctuations which undermine the long-term commercial viability of scarce precious metal catalysts. Thanks to spectacular advances in molecular biology the landscape of biocatalysis has dramatically changed in the last two decades. Developments in (meta)genomics in combination with ‘big data’ analysis have revolutionized new enzyme discovery and developments in protein engineering by directed evolution have enabled dramatic improvements in their performance. These developments have their confluence in the bio-based circular economy. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Science to enable the circular economy'.

Breakthrough in hydrolysis of waste biomass by physico-chemical pretreatment processes for efficient anaerobic digestion

Chemosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 133617
Author(s):  
Preethi ◽  
Rajesh Banu J ◽  
Sunita Varjani ◽  
Sivashanmugam P ◽  
Vinay Kumar Tyagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Chemical Pretreatment ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Pretreatment Processes
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