scholarly journals Design Model of Null-Flux Coil Electrodynamic Suspension for the Hyperloop

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5075
Author(s):  
Jungyoul Lim ◽  
Chang-Young Lee ◽  
Jin-Ho Lee ◽  
Wonhee You ◽  
Kwan-Sup Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Magnetic Levitation ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Superconducting Magnets ◽  
Design Model ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Closed Form Solutions ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
3D Finite Element Method ◽  
Electrodynamic Suspension

The Hyperloop has been developed using various technologies to reach a maximum speed of 1200 km/h. Such technologies include magnetic levitation technologies that are suitable for subsonic driving. In the Hyperloop, the null-flux electrodynamic suspension (EDS) system and superconducting magnets (SCMs) can perform stable levitation without control during high-speed driving. Although an EDS device can be accurately analyzed using numerical analysis methods, such as the 3D finite element method (FEM) or dynamic circuitry theory, its 3D configurations make it difficult to use in various design analyses. This paper presents a new design model that fast analyzes and compares many designs of null-flux EDS devices for the Hyperloop system. For a fast and effective evaluation of various levitation coil shapes and arrangements, the computational process of the induced electromotive force and the coupling effect were simplified using a 2D rectangular coil loop, and the induced current and force equations were written as closed-form solutions using the Fourier analysis. Also, levitation coils were designed, and their characteristics were analyzed and compared with each other. To validate the proposed model, the analyzed force responses for various driving conditions and the changed performance trend by design variables were compared with analyzed FEM results.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of a Plate Type Electrodynamic Suspension Structure for Ground High Speed Systems

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoyu Guo ◽  
Danfeng Zhou ◽  
Qiang Chen ◽  
Peichang Yu ◽  
Jie Li
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Superconducting Magnets ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vehicle Velocity ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
3D Finite Element Method ◽  
Electrodynamic Suspension ◽  
Suspension Structure ◽  
Plate Type

The research of ground high speed systems has been popular, especially after the announcement of Hyperloop concept, and the analysis of the suspension structure is critical for the design of the system. This paper focuses on the design and analysis of a plate type electrodynamic suspension (EDS) structure for the ground high speed system. The working principle of proposed whole system with functions of levitation, guidance and propulsion is presented, and the researched EDS structure is composed of permanent magnets (or superconducting magnets) and non-ferromagnetic conductive plates. Levitation and guidance are achieved by forces generated through the motion of the magnets along the plates. The plate type EDS structure is analyzed by three-dimensional (3D) finite element method (FEM) in ANSYS Maxwell. Structure parameters that affect the EDS performances are investigated, which include dimensions of magnets and plates, plate material, the relative position between magnets and plates, and arrangement of magnets. The properties of forces are discussed, especially for the levitation force, and the levitation working point is decided based on the analysis. Levitation-drag ratio of the plate type structure is investigated, and it improves with the increasing of vehicle velocity. The analysis results indicate that the plate type EDS structure is feasible for applications in ground high speed systems. The following study will focus on the dynamic research of the EDS system.

scholarly journals Equivalent inductance model for the design analysis of electrodynamic suspension coils for hyperloop

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungyoul Lim ◽  
Chang-Young Lee ◽  
Ye Jun Oh ◽  
Jeong-Min Jo ◽  
Jin-Ho Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Magnetic Levitation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stability And Control ◽  
Levitation System ◽  
Subsonic Speed ◽  
3D Finite Element Method ◽  
And Control ◽  
Electrodynamic Suspension ◽  
Novel Model

AbstractHyperloop is a new concept of ground transportation. In Hyperloop, travelling occurs in near-vacuum tubes under 0.001 atm at a subsonic speed of up to 1200 km/h. During acceleration to and driving at a subsonic speed, magnetic levitation is employed. Thus far, various levitation technologies in existing high-speed maglev trains have been considered. Among those technologies, superconducting (SC) electrodynamic suspension (EDS) is a highly effective levitation system for Hyperloop owing to its advantages of a large levitation gap, levitation stability, and control being unnecessary. However, analyzing an EDS system requires the electromagnetic transient analysis of complex three-dimensional (3D) features, and its computational load generally limits the use of numerical methods, such as the 3D finite element method (FEM) or dynamic circuit theory. In this study, a novel model that can rapidly and accurately calculate the frequency-dependent equivalent inductance was developed. The developed model was then applied to design an EDS system using the decoupled resistance-inductance equations of levitation coils. Next, levitation coils of SC-EDS were designed and analyzed for use in Hyperloop. The obtained results were compared with the FEM results to validate the developed model. In addition, the model was experimentally validated by measuring currents induced by moving pods.

scholarly journals Equivalent Inductance Model for the Design Analysis of Electrodynamic Suspension Coils for the Hyperloop

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungyoul Lim ◽  
Chang-Young Lee ◽  
Ye Jun Oh ◽  
Jeong-Min Jo ◽  
Jin-Ho Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Transient Analysis ◽  
Magnetic Levitation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Circuit Theory ◽  
3D Finite Element ◽  
Electromagnetic Transient ◽  
3D Finite Element Method ◽  
Electrodynamic Suspension ◽  
Novel Model

Abstract Hyperloop allows for improved transportation efficiency at higher speeds and a lower power consumption. Various magnetic levitation technologies in existing high-speed maglev trains are being considered to overcome speed limitations for the development of Hyperloop, which are driven inside vacuum tubes at 1,200 km/h; and superconducting (SC) electrodynamic suspension (EDS) can provide numerous advantages to Hyperloop. such as enabling stable levitation in high-speed driving without control, and increasing the levitation air gap. However, the analysis of the EDS system requires the electromagnetic transient analysis of complex three-dimensional (3D) features, and its computational load generally limits the use of numerical methods, such as the 3D finite element method (FEM) or dynamic circuit theory; This paper presents a novel model that can rapidly and accurately calculate the frequency-dependent equivalent inductance; and it can model the EDS system with the decoupled resistance-inductance (RL) equations of levitation coils. As a design example, the levitation coils of the SC-EDS were designed and analyzed for the Hyperloop, and the results were compared with those of the FEM results to validate the model. In addition, the model was experimentally validated by measuring currents induced by moving pods.

scholarly journals The Stability of Magnetic Levitation Milling System Based on Modal Decoupling Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Qiao ◽  
Xiaoping Tang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Stability Region ◽  
Magnetic Levitation ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Decoupling Control ◽  
Active Magnetic Bearing ◽  
High Speed Milling ◽  
Milling Stability ◽  
The Stability

Milling stability not only reduces the surface quality of the workpiece but also seriously restricts the high-speed development of CNC machine tools. The electric spindle rotor system with the active magnetic bearing has a strong gyro coupling effect, and with the increasing rotor speed, it will become a major unfavorable factor for the stability of the system during high-speed milling. The strong gyro coupling effect makes the stability region narrow at the time of high-speed milling. So, a modal decoupling control method that can reduce the effects of the gyro effect on the magnetic levitation milling system under high-speed milling is proposed. The effects of the gyro coupling of the magnetic bearing rotor on the milling stability region before and after the decoupling control are studied, which show that the modal decoupling control technology can reduce the effects of the gyro effect on the magnetic levitation milling system.

A Dynamics Simulation for a High Speed Magnetically Levitated Guided Ground Vehicle

1979 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Cherchas
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Magnetic Levitation ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Vehicle Suspension ◽  
Ground Vehicle ◽  
Aerodynamic Loading ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Electrodynamic Suspension

An analysis and digital computer program are developed to simulate vehicle and guideway dynamic response. The magnetic levitation is of the electrodynamic suspension type. The mathematical model includes effects of the following: vehicle and guideway flexible deformations, vehicle suspension and propulsion pod translation relative to the vehicle, multiple guideway spans and aerodynamic loading. The simulation is programmed in such a way that the number of sequential spans over which the vehicle travels can be increased without increasing the degrees of freedom in the simulation. Illustrative results of the simulation are presented.

MAGLEV 2000 Urban Transit System

2003 ◽  
Vol 1838 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
James Powell ◽  
Gordon Danby ◽  
John Morena ◽  
Thomas Wagner ◽  
Charles Smith
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Magnetic Levitation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Superconducting Magnets ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Magnet System ◽  
Urban Transit ◽  
Transit System

The MAGLEV 2000 (M2000) of Florida Corporation has designed magnetic levitation (maglev) and propulsion technology for high-speed intercity transportation systems capable of operating at speeds in excess of 300 mph. This high-speed technology can be adapted for slower-speed urban transit operations with operating speeds of 30 to 120 mph. M2000 preliminary baseline urban transit designs and essential criteria for a maglev technology to operate safely and efficiently in an urban transit environment are discussed. M2000 uses superconducting magnets on the vehicle, interacting with aluminum coils in the guideway for levitation, stability, and propulsion. The coils are completely encapsulated in polymer concrete panels, which are attached to the sides of a narrow-beam guideway. The vehicle straddles the beam with a 6-in.gap between the guideway surface and vehicle. Propulsion is provided through the linear synchronous motor coils and powered by alternating electrical current. The large clearance between vehicles and guideway with the superconducting M2000 magnet system ensures low-cost guideway construction because of more leeway with construction tolerances. These large clearances allow system operations under snow and ice conditions. The magnetic switch also allows for efficient off-line stations and permits increased train frequencies and operation of express trains without delays from locally stopping trains. Most of the components for a M2000 operating system have been constructed. A review is presented of manufacturing techniques, operating requirements, and performance results for a maglev transit project.

scholarly journals Specific Absolute Velocity Thresholds during Male Basketball Games Using Local Positional System; Differences between Age Categories

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4390
Author(s):  
Carlos Sosa ◽  
Alberto Lorenzo ◽  
Juan Trapero ◽  
Carlos Ribas ◽  
Enrique Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Large Effect Size ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Positional System ◽  
Moderate Effect ◽  
Distance Zone

The aim of this study was (I) to establish absolute specific velocity thresholds during basketball games using local positional system (LPS) and (II) to compare the speed profiles between various levels of competitions. The variables recorded were total distance (TD); meters per minute (m·min); real time (min); maximum speed (Km h−1), distance (m), percentage distance, and percentage duration invested in four speed zones (standing–walking; jogging; running; and high-speed running). Mean and standard deviation (±SD) were calculated, and a separate one-way analysis of variance was undertaken to identify differences between competitions. TD (3188.84 ± 808.37 m) is covered by standing–walking (43.51%), jogging (36.58%), running (14.68%), and sprinting (5.23%) activities. Overall, 75.22% of the time is invested standing–walking, jogging (18.43%), running (4.77%), and sprinting (1.89%). M·min (large effect size), % duration zone 2 (moderate effect size); distance zone 4 (large effect size), and % distance zone 4 (very large effect size) are significantly higher during junior than senior. However, % distance zone 1 (large effect size) and % duration zone 1 (large effect size) were largely higher during senior competition. The findings of this study reveal that most of the distance and play time is spent during walking and standing activities. In addition, the proportion of time spent at elevated intensities is higher during junior than in senior competition.

High-Speed End Milling Using a Feedforward Control Architecture

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Tung ◽  
M. Tomizuka ◽  
Y. Urushisaki
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Feedforward Control ◽  
End Milling ◽  
Phase Error ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Frequency Domain Analysis ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Drive Control ◽  
Machining Errors ◽  
Feedforward Controller

Experiments are performed for end milling aluminum at 15,000 RPM spindle speed (1,508 m/min cutting speed) and up to 3 m/min table feedrate using an experimental machine tool control system. A digital feedforward controller for feed drive control incorporates the Zero Phase Error Tracking Controller (ZPETC) and feedforward friction compensation. The controller achieves near-perfect (±3 μm) tracking over a 26 mm trajectory with a maximum speed of 2 m/min. The maximum contouring error for a 26 mm diameter circle at this speed is less than 4 μm. Tracking and contouring experiments are conducted for table feedrates as high as 10 m/min. Frequency domain analysis demonstrates that the feedforward controller achieves a bandwidth of 10 Hz without phase distortion. In a direct comparison of accuracy, the machining errors in specimens produced by the experimental controller were up to 20 times smaller than the errors in specimens machined by an industrial CNC.

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