scholarly journals Probabilistic Quantification in the Analysis of Flood Risks in Cross-Border Areas of Poland and Germany

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 6020
Author(s):  
Łukasz Kuźmiński ◽  
Michał Nadolny ◽  
Henryk Wojtaszek
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Risk Increase ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
Low Exposure ◽  
Economic Understanding

Measuring the probability of flood risk is a key issue in the economics of natural disasters. This discipline studies actual and potential effects of natural disasters on the functioning of economic systems. In traditional economic understanding, it is assumed that both the decision making processes and market processes operate within a certain level of access to information. It is also assumed that the effects of certain phenomena are predictable. However, a natural disaster is difficult to predict. It is hard to predict the time of its occurrence, its impact, direct exposure to its effects and finally, its social and economic results. Exposure to a random hazard, combined with the amount of damage resulting from its potential materialization, is called risk. In this study, the authors focus on presenting a method for quantification of the random element of flood risk. We are using measurement data for cross-border areas between Poland and Germany who witnessed a flood of the century in the 1990s. The empirical data illustrate the usefulness and universality of probabilistic quantification methods for flood risk analysis. The analysis of water level is interesting in a much broader context than the hydrological-economic one. In Central Europe, river water level is immediately connected with two other disaster-like phenomena: drought and heavy rainfall. Also, the course of the Oder river is typical for North European Plain. Therefore, the conclusions presented by the authors are universal by nature and describe certain broader phenomena. Employment of methods of probabilistic quantification using extreme values yields very interesting results: flood risk changes dynamically. Five-year period measurements themselves indicate that there are periods of relatively low exposure of the areas to the disaster (with negligible probability 0.02) and periods of disproportionately high risk increase. The risk of exceeding alarm levels and warning levels changes rapidly, reaching as much as 30% in some locations.

scholarly journals Study on the Contribution of Normalization to Reducing Flood Risk in the Ciliwung River, Tebet District, Jakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 933 (1) ◽  
pp. 012032
Author(s):  
M Yatsrib ◽  
A N Harman ◽  
S R Taufik ◽  
T N A Kesuma ◽  
D Saputra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Rating Curve ◽  
Sluice Gate ◽  
Level Measurement ◽  
Drainage Channels ◽  
Upstream Part ◽  
Drainage Capacity

Abstract Jakarta is the capital city of the State of Indonesia and fast economy and population growth rate. With these, urbanization continues to increase every year. In this study, we analyse the effect of river normalization on reducing flood risk on the MT. Haryono - Manggarai section based on the Hec-RAS hydraulic model. Boundary Condition applied in upstream river is flow hydrograph with a peak discharge of 561.48 m3/s. In the upstream part, a rating curve is applied from the water level measurement data for the Manggarai Sluice Gate. While in the middle, the lateral flow from the urban drainage channels is inserted. The simulation results show that normalizing the channel can increase the drainage capacity as implied by the decrease in the flood water level. However, downstream there is backwater due to the lack of capacity of the Manggarai floodgate.

scholarly journals Experiencias biográficas de trabajadoras en la industria de exportación en el norte de México y Marruecos

2018 ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Rosa M. Soriano Miras ◽  
Kathryn Kopinak ◽  
Antonio Trinidad Requena
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Export Industry ◽  
Expressive Function ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Biographical Approach ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
And Migration

El presente artículo reflexiona sobre cómo la globalización económicaafecta a la vida de las mujeres que trabajan en la industria de exportaciónen espacios fronterizos marcados por la porosidad de dicha frontera. Hemos queridointerrogarnos acerca de cómo lo macro afecta a lo micro, coadyuvando a lageneración de espacios glolocales, donde la vivencia transfronteriza y la migración(interna o internacional) adquiere relevancia. Para ello se han escogido dosrelatos biográficos (para cada caso estudiado) que nos ayudan a ejemplificar dichasvivencias, enfatizando la función expresiva del enfoque biográfico al que se refiereBertaux. Ambos casos se han seleccionado de una investigación más amplia querecoge la vida de ochenta mujeres que cuentan con experiencia laboral en la industriade exportación en la frontera de México con EEUU y la de Marruecos conEspaña.This article reflects on how economic globalization affects the livesof women working in the export industry in border areas marked by the porosity ofsaid border. We wanted to ask ourselves about how the macro affects the micro,helping to generate glolocal spaces, where the cross-border experience and migration(internal or international) becomes relevant. To this end, two biographicalaccounts have been chosen (for each case studied) that help us to exemplify theseexperiences, emphasizing the expressive function of the biographical approach towhich Bertaux refers. Both cases have been selected from a wider investigationthat includes the lives of more than a hundred and fifty people (eighty women) whohave work experience in the export industry on the border of Mexico with the USand Morocco with Spain.

scholarly journals Analysis of Flood Risk of Urban Agglomeration Polders Using Multivariate Copula

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqin Gao ◽  
Dongdong Wang ◽  
Zhenxing Zhang ◽  
Zhenzhen Ma ◽  
Zichen Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Dependence Structure ◽  
Flood Risks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Flood Characteristics ◽  
Qinhuai River

Urban agglomeration polders (UAPs) are often used to control flooding in eastern China. The impacts of UAPs on individual flood events have been extensively examined, but how flood risks are influenced by UAPs is much less examined. This study aimed to explore a three-dimensional joint distribution of annual flood volume, peak flow and water level to examine UAPs’ impact on flood risks based on hydrological simulations. The dependence between pairwise hydrological characteristics are measured by rank correlation coefficients and graphs. An Archimedean Copula is applied to model the dependence structure. This approach is applied to the Qinhuai River Basin where UAPs are used proactively for flood control. The result shows that the Frank Copula can better represent the dependence structure in the Qinhuai River Basin. UAPs increase risks of individual flood characteristics and integrated risks. UAPs have a relatively greater impact on water level than the other two flood characteristics. It is noted that the impact on flood risk levels off for greater floods.

scholarly journals External (border) peripheries in Hungary

2012 ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Béla Baranyi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Two Sides

This study examines the development of external (cross-border) peripheries, as well as the opportunities of catching up in view of the European integration, most specifically the unfolding of the Schengen processes. A conclusion is drawn that the paradigm shift that is to be expected in cross-border relations and the modern, mainly local, small region-based and inter-settlement forms of interregional cooperations could contribute to diminishing the highly unfavourable circumstances from the aspect of rural development and the fostering of the socio-economic cohesion of the Carpathian basin. The new institutionalised legal frameworks of cross-border relations, the EGTCs can successfully promote in the future the acquisition and more efficient use of different development resources, parallel to this the socio-economic catching up of adjacent peripheries, lagging regions on the two sides of the same borders. Above all, they can be important for the utilisation of the direct relations and local resourcesin the Hungarian–Slovak, Hungarian–Ukrainian and Hungarian– Romanian borders along the northeast part of Hungary and for theHungarian–Croatian and Hungarian–Slovene border areas along South Transdanubia.

scholarly journals Hibriditas pada Ronggeng di Minangkabau

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aznal Mad’Hattari ◽  
Asep Saepul Haris ◽  
Asril Asril
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Cultural Process ◽  
Cross Border

<p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>Humans are creatures that are always voluntarily volunteered or coerced. From prehistoric times it has been mentioned that humans are always looking for new areas, if in the areas began to be short of food supply or hit by disasters. It also happens on this day. The reasons are also related to finding better livelihoods, seeking better education which is also related to livelihoods, as well as other problems such as war or natural disasters. More interestingly, some ethnics have a tradition of migrating like merantau as it is in the Minangkabau tribe. This is called hybridity. Hybridity can also show that every cultural process contains mixed and cross-border interactions. There is no culture that is completely genuine and pure, which is found in the ronngeng pasaman. Ronggeng pasaman is present in the community due to several factors such as the movement of the population to a place that will merge into one and make the region into a multi-cultural area.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords : </em></strong><em>Hybridity, Ronggeng, Pasaman, Multi-cultural</em></p><p align="center"><strong><em>Abstrak</em></strong></p><p><em>Manusia adalah makhluk yang selalu berpindah baik secara sukarela maupun karena paksaan.Dari zaman prasejarah telah disebutkan bahwa manusia selalu mencari daerah baru jika di daerah tempatnya berada sebelumnya mulai kekurangan bahan pangan atau dilanda bencana.Hal itu juga terjadi hingga saat ini.Alasannya juga berhubungan dengan mencari mata pencaharian yang lebih baik, mencari pendidikan yang lebih baik yang nantinya juga terkait dengan mata pencarian, serta masalah lainnya seperti peperangan atau bencana alam.Lebih menarik lagi, beberapa etnis memiliki tradisi berpindah itu dengan istilah merantau seperti yang terdapat di dalam suku Minangkabau.Hal ini disebut dengan hibriditas. Hibriditas juga dapat menunjukkan bahwa setiap proses budaya mengandung percampuran dan interaksi lintas batas. Tidak ada suatu kebudayaan yang sepenuhnya asli dan murni, salah satunya terdapat pada ronngeng pasaman. Ronggeng pasaman hadir ditengah masyarakat dikarenakan oleh beberapa faktor seperti perpindahan penduduk ke suatu tempat yang nantinya melebur menjadi satu dan menjadikan wilayah tersebut menjadi daerah yang multi-kultural.</em></p><strong><em>Kata kunci : </em></strong><em>Hibriditas, Ronggeng, Pasaman, Multi-Kultural</em>

POTENTIAL POSSIBILITIES OF KHALKHIN-GOL REGION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
K. Demberel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Chinese Tourists ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
Cross Border Cooperation

The relevance is primarily due to the fact that the development of trans-border territories is becoming an important tool for successful regional cooperation between Mongolia and its neighbouring countries. In these circumstances, it is necessary to study and understand the functions and mechanisms of cross-border cooperation, which will reveal the difficulties that exist there today. Within the framework of trilateral cooperation, including in the field of economic relations, our states attention to the development of border areas naturally increases. The object of the study is the cross-border tourism cooperation between Mongolia, the Russian Federation, and the People’s Republic of China. The article is devoted to the analysis of mongolian-russian-chinese relations at the present time. The subject is about the ways, forms and mechanisms of regional tourism cooperation between the three countries, as well as the factors that hinder this process. The purpose and objectives of the article is to analyze the main directions of cross-border cooperation between Mongolia, Russia and China in the trade, economic and tourism sector on the example of the border areas of our countries; to show what opportunities we have that we are losing and the challenges that border regions to interact in a more effective and mutually beneficial. There have been used general scientific empirical and theoretical research methods. The usage of a comparative-functional, systematic approach, modeling and a logical method encourages to identify the essential and substantive elements of the regional cooperation of the Mongolia, Russian Federation and China. The Chinese side is more business like about this problem, the Mongolian side is only in the study stage, and the Russian side has not yet shown any initiative. Research shows that Chinese tourists are interested in visiting the Mongolian steppe and to Russia. This research shows that Chinese tourists are interested in exploring/seeing Russia and Mongolian steppe. Therefore, Khalkhgol somon is a region that can develop cross-border tourism within the framework of the “One Region-One Road” project of the People’s Republic of China. This study shows that there is an opportunity to turn this region into a cross-border tourism region involving certain entities from the three countries

Assessing Anopheles Vector Species Diversity and Transmission of Malaria in Cross-Border Areas of Côte d'Ivoire

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firmain N. Yokoly ◽  
Julien B. Z. Zahouli ◽  
Graham Small ◽  
Allassane F. Ouattara ◽  
Millicent Opoku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
Health Districts ◽  
Sporozoite Infection

Abstract Background Although malaria and Anopheles mosquito vectors are highly prevalent in Côte d'Ivoire, data are still lacking on disease transmission dynamics in cross-border areas. To address this lack of information, we assessed the Anopheles mosquito vector species diversity, the An. gambiae complex members and the transmission of malaria in four cross-border areas of Côte d'Ivoire.Method From July 2016 to December 2017, we collected adult Anopheles mosquitoes in four cross-border health districts of Côte d’Ivoire (Aboisso, Bloléquin, Odienné and Ouangolodougou) using standardized window exit trap (WET) and pyrethrum knockdown spray collection (PSC) methods. We identified collected mosquitoes morphologically at species level and An. gambiae complex members using short interspersed nuclear element-based polymerase chain reaction (SINE-PCR). We analyzed An. gambiae, An. funestus and An. nili specimens for malaria Plasmodium parasite infection using the cytochrome oxidase I gene (COX-I), and malaria prevalence among human population through local Ministry of Health (MoH) statistical yearbooks.Results In total, 281, 754, 1,319 and 2,443 specimens of Anopheles adult females were collected in Aboisso, Bloléquin, Odienné and Ouangolodougou, respectively. We found seven Anopheles species dominated by An. gambiae s.l. (94.8%-99.1%), followed by An. funestus (0.4%-4.3%) and An. nili (0%-0.7%). Among An. gambiae s.l., An. coluzzii predominated in Aboisso (89.2%) and Bloléquin (92.2%), while An. gambiae s.s. was present at the highest frequency in Odienné (96.0%) and Ouangolodougou (94.2%). The Plasmodium sporozoite infection rate in An. gambiae s.l. was highest in Odienné (11.0 %; n = 100) followed by Bloléquin (7.8%, n = 115), Aboisso (3.1%; n = 65) and Ouangologoudou (2.5%; n = 120). In An. funestus, P. falciparum sporozoite infection rate was estimated at 6.2% (n = 32) in Bloléquin, 8.7% (n = 23) in Odienné. No An. funestus specimens were found infected with P. falciparum sporozoite infection in Ouangolodougou and Aboisso. No P. falciparum sporozoite was detected in An. nili specimens in the four health districts. Among the local human populations, malaria prevalence rate was higher in Odienné (39.7%; n = 45,376) and Bloléquin (37.6%; n = 150,205) compared with that in Ouangolodougou (18.3%; n = 131,629) and Aboisso (19.7%; n = 364,585).Conclusion In cross-border health districts of Côte d’Ivoire, Anopheles vector species diversity and abundance and Plasmodium sporozoite infection were high, thus resulting in high transmission of malaria to local populations. An. gambiae and An. funestus were found to be highly Plasmodium-infected in the health districts of Bloléquin and Odienné where malaria prevalence among humans was particularly high. This study provides important information that can be used to guide national malaria control programme strategies in Côte d’Ivoire, mainly in cross-border settings.

scholarly journals Feedback Mechanism in Bifurcating River Systems: the Effect on Water-Level Sensitivity

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1915
Author(s):  
Matthijs R.A. Gensen ◽  
Jord J. Warmink ◽  
Fredrik Huthoff ◽  
Suzanne J.M.H. Hulscher
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
River System ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Water Level Variations ◽  
System Water ◽  
Discharge Distribution ◽  
Single Branch

Accurate and reliable estimates of water levels are essential to assess flood risk in river systems. In current practice, uncertainties involved and the sensitivity of water levels to these uncertainties are studied in single-branch rivers, while many rivers in deltas consist of multiple distributaries. In a bifurcating river, a feedback mechanism exists between the downstream water levels and the discharge distribution at the bifurcation. This paper aims to quantify the sensitivity of water levels to main channel roughness in a bifurcating river system. Water levels are modelled for various roughness scenarios under a wide range of discharge conditions using a one-dimensional hydraulic model. The results show that the feedback mechanism reduces the sensitivity of water levels to local changes of roughness in comparison to the single-branch river. However, in the smaller branches of the system, water-level variations induced by the changes in discharge distribution can exceed the water-level variations of the single-branch river. Therefore, water levels throughout the entire system are dominated by the conditions in the largest branch. As the feedback mechanism is important, the river system should be considered as one interconnected system in river maintenance of rivers, flood-risk analyses, and future planning of river engineering works.

scholarly journals Malaria in China: a longitudinal population-based surveillance study

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Ding ◽  
Chenyang Huang ◽  
Yuqing Zhou ◽  
Xiaofang Fu ◽  
Xiaoxiao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Border Areas

Abstract This study aims to ascertain the long-term epidemic trends of malaria and evaluates the probability of achieving the eradication goal by 2020 in China. Data on malaria incidence and deaths were extracted from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The epidemic trends by sex, age and spatial distribution and predictions of malaria were estimated by using Joinpoint and Poisson regressions. From 1950 to 2016, 227 668 374 malaria cases were reported in China, with an annualised average incidence of 337.02 (336.98–337.07, 95% confidence interval (CI)) per 100 000 population. The incidence decreased with an average annual per cent change (AAPC) of −11.4% (−16.6 to −6.0). There were 36 085 malaria deaths, with an annualised average mortality of 0.534 (0.529–0.540) per 1 000 000 population. The mortality decreased with an AAPC of −8.7% (−13.7 to −3.4). The predicted number of malaria cases and deaths for 2020 is 2 562 and 10, respectively, and zero for indigenous cases. The disease burden of malaria dramatically decreased in China. Though, the goal of malaria elimination is realistic by 2020 in China, routine clinical and entomological surveillance should be continually conducted, especially for the cross-border areas and imported malaria cases.

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