scholarly journals Thermal Structure of the Northern Outer Albanides and Adjacent Adriatic Crustal Sector, and Implications for Geothermal Energy Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 6028
Author(s):  
Stefano Santini ◽  
Matteo Basilici ◽  
Chiara Invernizzi ◽  
Stefano Mazzoli ◽  
Antonella Megna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Structural Control ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Frictional Heating ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
The Impact

Using an analytical methodology taking into account heat flow density data, frictional heating, temperature variations due to the re-equilibrated conductive state after thrusting and geological constrains, we calculated surface heat flow, geotherms and isotherms along a balanced and restored regional geological cross-section. Our results highlight the impact of frictional heating produced by thrusts on the thermal structure of the study area, leading to a raising of the isotherms both in the inner Albanides to the E and in the Adriatic sector offshore. Minimum values of Qs in the surroundings of Tirana and the reconstructed 2D thermal structure suggest less favorable conditions for exploitation of geothermal energy, besides the direct use (Borehole Heat Exchanger-Geothermal Heat Pump systems). Nevertheless, the occurrence of the “Kruja geothermal zone”, partially overlapping this area and including hot spring manifestations, emphasize the structural control in driving hot fluids to the surface with respect to the regional thermal structure.

scholarly journals 3-D Geothermal Model of the Lurestan Sector of the Zagros Thrust Belt, Iran

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Basilici ◽  
Stefano Mazzoli ◽  
Antonella Megna ◽  
Stefano Santini ◽  
Stefano Tavani
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Frictional Heating ◽  
Analytical Calculation ◽  
Geothermal Gradient ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Analytical Methodology

The Zagros thrust belt is a large orogenic zone located along the southwest region of Iran. To obtain a better knowledge of this important mountain chain, we elaborated the first 3-D model reproducing the thermal structure of its northwestern part, i.e., the Lurestan arc. This study is based on a 3-D structural model obtained using published geological sections and available information on the depth of the Moho discontinuity. The analytical calculation procedure took into account the temperature variation due to: (1) The re-equilibrated conductive state after thrusting, (2) frictional heating, (3) heat flow density data, and (4) a series of geologically derived constraints. Both geotherms and isotherms were obtained using this analytical methodology. The results pointed out the fundamental control exerted by the main basement fault of the region, i.e., the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT), in governing the thermal structure of the crust, the main parameter being represented by the amount of basement thickening produced by thrusting. This is manifested by more densely spaced isotherms moving from the southwestern foreland toward the inner parts of orogen, as well as in a lateral variation related with an along-strike change from a moderately dipping crustal ramp of the MFT to the NW to a gently dipping crustal ramp to the SE. The complex structural architecture, largely associated with late-stage (Pliocene) thick-skinned thrusting, results in a zone of relatively high geothermal gradient in the easternmost part of the study area. Our thermal model of a large crustal volume, besides providing new insights into the geodynamic processes affecting a major salient of the Zagros thrust belt, may have important implications for seismotectonic analysis in an area recently affected by a Mw = 7.3 earthquake, as well as for geothermal/hydrocarbon exploration in the highly perspective Lurestan region.

scholarly journals Geothermal Model of the Shallow Crustal Structure across the “Mountain Front Fault” in Western Lurestan, Zagros Thrust Belt, Iran

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Basilici ◽  
Stefano Mazzoli ◽  
Antonella Megna ◽  
Stefano Santini ◽  
Stefano Tavani
Keyword(s):  
Crustal Structure ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Frictional Heating ◽  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Mountain Front ◽  
Geothermal Model

The Zagros thrust belt is a zone of deformed crustal rocks well exposed along the southwest region of Iran. To obtain a better knowledge of this mountain chain, we elaborated a 2D model reproducing the thermal structure of the “Mountain Front Fault”. This study, which is focused on the Lurestan region, is based on a model made by merging published sections and available information on the depth of the Moho. We present the isotherms and the geotherms calculated using an analytical methodology. The calculation procedure includes the temperature variation due to the re-equilibrated conductive state after thrusting, frictional heating, heat flow density data, and a series of geologically derived constraints. In order to perform the temperature calculations, the crustal structure in the Lurestan region is simplified as composed of two domains: A lower unit made by crystalline basement and an upper unit including all the lithostratigraphic units forming the sedimentary cover. The resulting model is compared with the numerical results obtained by previous studies to improve the description of the thermal structure of this geologically important area.

scholarly journals Heat Flow, Geotherms, Density and Lithosphere Thickness in SW of Iberia (South of Portugal)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rosa Alves Duque
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
The South ◽  
Lithosphere Thickness ◽  
Structure Density ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Lateral Variations

Thermal structure, density distribution and lithosphere thickness in the SW part of the Iberian Peninsula are studied using data obtained in the South Portuguese Zone (SPZ) and SW border of the Ossa Morena Zone (OMZ) in the South of Portugal. Five different regions were defined, and models were built for each region. Geotherms were obtained using average density values from data published. The high values of heat flow density in these regions are attributed to occurrence of anomalous heat sources due to radioactivity content and exothermic chemical reactions associated to ore deposits in the zone. The results obtained with models based on isostasy in the region led to lithosphere thickness values between 95 and 96 km in the SPZ and a lower value of 94.5 km in the SW border of the OMZ. Analysis of geotherms shows lateral variations of temperature at the same depth. These lateral variations are compared with information obtained with seismic data.

scholarly journals Thermal conditions for geothermal energy exploitation in the Transcarpathian depression and surrounding units

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dušan Majcin ◽  
Roman Kutas ◽  
Dušan Bilčík ◽  
Vladimír Bezák ◽  
Ignat Korchagin
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Field Distribution ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Heat Flow Density ◽  
Temperature Field Distribution ◽  
Energy Exploitation

Abstract The contribution presents the results acquired both by direct cognitive geothermic methods and by modelling approaches of the lithosphere thermal state in the region of the Transcarpathian depression and surrounding units. The activities were aimed at the determination of the temperature field distribution and heat flow density distribution in the upper parts of the Earth’s crust within the studied area. Primary new terrestrial heat flow density map was constructed from values determined for boreholes, from their interpretations and from newest outcomes of geothermal modelling methods based on steady-state and transient approaches, and also from other recently gained geophysical and geological knowledge. Thereafter we constructed the maps of temperature field distribution for selected depth levels of up to 5000 m below the surface. For the construction we have used measured borehole temperature data, the interpolation and extrapolation methods, and the modelling results of the refraction effects and of the influences of source type anomalies. New maps and other geothermic data served for the determination of depths with rock temperatures suitable for energy utilization namely production of electric energy minimally by the binary cycles. Consequently the thermal conditions were used to identify the most perspective areas for geothermal energy exploitation in the region under study.

scholarly journals Temperature Distribution and Heat Flow Density Estimation in Geothermal Areas of Absheron Peninsula

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Aygun Vahid Mammadova
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Geothermal Gradient ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Deep Wells ◽  
Recoverable Resources ◽  
Middle Pliocene

Geothermal field of the Pliocene complex in the Absheron peninsula, Azerbaijan have been examined on the basis of temperature distributions in over 50 deep wells. Data analysis include variations in geothermal gradient and distribution of heat flow within complexes of Absheron formation of upper Pliocene in age. Geothermal gradients are in the range of 17 to 25oC/km. The heat flow values are found to fall in the range of 50 to 80mW/m2. Estimates have been made of geothermal energy resources up to depths of 6000 meters. The main productive strata are of middle Pliocene in age. The results have allowed identification of geothermal resources with temperature above the 20°C and at depths less than 110-180 meters. Assessments of in-situ and recoverable resources have been made for 21 sites. Model simulations point to perspectives for widespread utilization of geothermal energy in the Absheron peninsula.

scholarly journals Heat Flow in the Cretaceous of Northwestern Kansas and Implications for Regional Hydrology

1997 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Andrea Forster ◽  
Daniel F. Merriam
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Thermal Gradients ◽  
Conductive Heat ◽  
Flow Estimation ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Dakota Formation ◽  
Porosity And Permeability

Temperature logs are interpreted to investigate the thermal structure of the units overlying the Kansas portion of the Cretaceous Dakota aquifer. The aim of this study is to determine if additional heat input by fluids exists and thus clarify whether the overall conductive heat flow from the basement through the sequence might be overprinted by heat advection. Although interval thermal gradients are determined for different lithologic (stratigraphic) units, the shale thermal gradients are preferred for heat-flow estimation. Shale thermal conductivity as measured in Mesozoic shales in Nebraska and South Dakota is extrapolated to the area because of the similar lithology. A few thermal-conductivity values are determined in sandstone samples of the Dakota Formation and also used in heat-flow estimation. In general, the noncalcareous, marine Cretaceous shales (Pierre, Carlile, Graneros, and Kiowa) show different thermal gradients. Gradients in the Pierre (average value 58.5°C/km) and Carlile (55.5°C/km) are slightly higher than the average gradient in the Graneros Shale (45.1°C/km) and Kiowa Formation (46.5°C/km). The higher thermal gradients are limited to the extreme northwestern corner of the study area where the Pierre and Carlile are present. The heat-flow density of 69-74 mW/m2 observed there is slightly higher than the average of 60 mW/m2 typical for central and eastern Kansas. The higher heat flow observed is in the range of data reported and mapped for northeastern Colorado and the Nebraska Panhandle on the western flank of the Chadron Arch, an area with geothermal overprint by warm fluids. Regional differences in heat flow in western Kansas seemingly are caused by the different composition, porosity, and permeability of the aquifer and the nearness to recharge areas.

scholarly journals Research on the impact of ship traffic flow on the restricted channel segment of the middle Yangtze River based on traffic wave theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Liu ◽  
Gabriel Lodewijks
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Wave Theory ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
List Type ◽  
Ship Traffic ◽  
Traffic Wave ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Channel Segment

Abstract Abstract On the basis of the influence of dry season on ship traffic flow, the gathering and dissipating process of ship traffic flow was researched with Greenshields linear flow—density relationship model, the intrinsic relationship between the ship traffic congestion state and traffic wave in the unclosed restricted channel segment was emphatically explored when the ship traffic flow in a tributary channel inflows, and the influence law of multiple traffic waves on the ship traffic flow characteristics in unclosed restricted segment is revealed. On this basis, the expressions of traffic wave speed and direction, dissipation time of queued ships and the number of ships affected were provided, and combined with Monte Carlo method, the ship traffic flow simulation model in the restricted channel segment was built. The simulation results show that in closed restricted channel segment the dissipation time of ships queued is mainly related to the ship traffic flow rate of segments A and C, and the total number of ships affected to the ship traffic flow rate of segment A. And in unclosed restricted channel segment, the dissipation time and the total number of ships affected are also determined by the meeting time of the traffic waves in addition to the ship traffic flow rate of segments. The research results can provide the theoretical support for further studying the ship traffic flow in unclosed restricted channel segment with multiple tributaries Article Highlights The inflow of tributaries' ship traffic flows has an obvious impact on the traffic conditions in the unenclosed restricted channel segment. The interaction and influence between multiple ship traffic waves and the mechanism of generating new traffic waves are explained. The expression of both dissipation time of queued ships and the total number of ships affected in the closed and unclosed restricted channel segment are given.

Research on the Impact of Temperature on the Softening Point of SBS Modified Asphalt

2013 ◽  
Vol 365-366 ◽  
pp. 978-982
Author(s):  
Xiao Wei Feng ◽  
De Wen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Softening Point ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Sbs Modified Asphalt ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Initial Heating

The softening point of modified asphalt is an extremely important indicator to evaluate the high-temperature performance; its the temperature of modified asphalt sample emerging shear deformation under the action of certain shear stress according to the specific heating rate. Its found that in the actual construction and testing, different temperature conditions has a larger impact on the softening point of the modified asphalt, which has adverse affect on road construction. This paper studied and researched the influence of temperature on modified asphalt softening point indicators from the different test temperature, including packing compact temperature, scraper temperature in removal of asphalt that above test mode, standing temperature, curing temperature and initial heating temperature before test.

On the effects of thermal properties structure and water bottom temperature variation on temperature gradients in lake sediments

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1257-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wang ◽  
P. Y. Shen ◽  
A. E. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Stratified Medium ◽  
Depth Interval ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Bottom Temperature ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Finite Sum

In heat flow determinations, it is customary to treat the surface temperature variation as a finite sum of Fourier components. The medium is assumed to be homogeneous or horizontally stratified with each layer having a constant conductivity and diffusivity. This allows the effect of each periodic component to be calculated analytically. We extend this formulation to include cases where thermal conductivities in some layers of a stratified medium may vary linearly with depth as have been found in the sediments of some continental lakes. The application of this formalism to temperature measurements in Lake Greifensee and Lac Leman shows that even with excellent records of bottom temperature variations over several years, failure to take into account the conductivity variation leads to errors as high as 20% in heat flow density values, depending on the depth interval used. The combined effects of lack of detailed knowledge of conductivity structure and the use of too short and (or) inaccurate records of bottom temperature variations, leading to very significant errors, are also discussed, with particular reference to the problems arising from a lack of recognition of the existence of nonannual terms in the bottom temperature variation and the use of probes that do not penetrate the sediments deeply enough.

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