scholarly journals Energy Allocation Strategies for Common Property Load Connected to Shared Solar and Battery Storage Systems in Strata Apartments

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 6137
Author(s):  
Moiz Masood Syed ◽  
Gregory M. Morrison ◽  
James Darbyshire
Keyword(s):  
Common Property ◽  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Virtual Power ◽  
Battery Storage ◽  
Surplus Energy ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
Trading Mechanisms ◽  
Apartment Complexes ◽  
Allocation Strategies

Common property (CP) is a significant consumer of electricity in apartment buildings. Although some apartments in Australia have adopted shared microgrid configurations to offset grid consumption, the characteristics and load patterns of CP are rarely discussed due to lack of available data. As common areas normally constitute part of owner corporations, energy distribution in these premises requires attention. This paper presents empirical analysis of the CP load connected to shared solar and battery storage for three apartment complexes located in Perth Australia. Load patterns for CP over a defined dataset period were analyzed, and grid usage reduction was examined by implementing and comparing three energy allocation strategies based on surplus energy utilization. The findings indicated significant grid usage reduction for CP load in different apartments after implementation of three strategies. Instantaneous consumption decreased 72%, and surplus allocation strategy reduced 91%, while consumption-based allocation reduced 76%, of grid electricity. Moreover, consumption-based allocation offered improved cost benefits compared to the other two strategies. The results further revealed the usefulness of energy allocation and effectiveness of surplus energy utilization. Based on outcomes, the strategies provide consolidation with conventional energy trading mechanisms and broadly link to the virtual power plant concept for coordinating energy flows between multiple generators.

scholarly journals Shared Solar and Battery Storage Configuration Effectiveness for Reducing the Grid Reliance of Apartment Complexes

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moiz Masood Syed ◽  
Gregory M. Morrison ◽  
James Darbyshire
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Battery Storage ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Apartment Complexes

More than 2 million houses in Australia have installed solar photovoltaic (PV) systems; however, apartment buildings have adopted a low percentage of solar PV and battery storage installations. Given that grid usage reduction through PV and battery storage is a primary objective in most residential buildings, apartments have not yet fully benefited from installations of such systems. This research presents shared microgrid configurations for three apartment buildings with PV and battery storage and evaluates the reduction in grid electricity usage by analyzing self-sufficiency. The results reveal that the three studied sites at White Gum Valley achieved an overall self-sufficiency of more than 60%. Owing to the infancy of the shared solar and battery storage market for apartment complexes and lack of available data, this study fills the research gap by presenting preliminary quantitative findings from implementation in apartment buildings.

scholarly journals Calibration of a nutrient flow model of energy utilization by growing pigs

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 675-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Birkett ◽  
Kees de Lange
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
Model Response ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

A computational framework to represent energy utilization for body protein and lipid accretion by growing pigs is presented. Nutrient and metabolite flows, and the biochemical and biological processes which transform these, are explicitly represented in this nutritional process model. A calibration procedure to adjust the marginal input–output response is described, and applied, using reported experimental results, to determine a complete set of parameters for representing energy utilization by growing pigs. A reasonable value for minimum basal energy requirements is also determined. Although model inputs and outputs need not at any time be converted to equivalent energy flows, to facilitate comparison of model response with that of conventional energy-based models, a simple means to estimate energy flows from model-predicted nutrient flows is described. The well-known hierarchy of marginal (biological) energetic efficiencies with which pigs use different classes of nutrients is predicted by the model, based only on simple biological and biochemical principles. The significance of independent diet and metabolic effects on both energetic efficiency and maintenance requirements is examined using model predictions from simulated experiments.

scholarly journals Evolutionary effects of density-dependent selection in plants

1993 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Namkoong ◽  
J. Bishir ◽  
J. H. Roberds
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Stable Periodic ◽  
Density Dependent Selection ◽  
Allocation Strategies ◽  
Periodic Changes

SummaryThe evolution of traits that affect genotypic responses to density regulated resources can be strongly affected by population dynamics in ways that are unpredictable from individual viability or reproduction potentials. Genotypes that are most efficient in utilizing energy may not always displace less efficient ones, and the evolution of energy allocation strategies may not always favour reproductive fitness because of their effects on destabilizing population growth rates. Furthermore, genetic polymorphisms in single loci that affect such traits can be maintained in populations with stable, periodic changes in population size and gene frequencies in the absence of heterozygote superiority. In fact, in the models investigated in this paper, the polymorphism is maintained, even in the absence of equilibrium genotypic frequencies.

Energy allocation strategies for LLR-based selection relaying in cooperative transmission

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyung Yun Kong ◽  
Ho Van Khuong ◽  
Seong Wook Hong ◽  
Gun Seok Kim ◽  
Vo Nguyen Quoc Bao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Cooperative Transmission ◽  
Allocation Strategies

Study on Region Energy Allocation under Carbon Emission Constraints: Base on Analysis of Carbon Pinch

2014 ◽  
Vol 977 ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Hong Yu ◽  
Jun Feng Wang ◽  
Lei Hu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Regional Energy

Energy Supply and demand, and carbon emission constraints are the problems that must be considered in the process of rapid economic development by national and every province. Under the constraints of energy supply and demand, and carbon emissions, there has practical significance to rational allocate regional energy utilization. With carbon pinch method, this paper research the energy allocation of Tianjin, establish analysis model. Considering the overall and regional energy demand and carbon emission constraints, to determine the usage amount of every kind of fossil energy and clean energy, in order to achieve the best energy structure and optimal balance between energy supply and demand. To provide scientific evidence for local government to make reasonable energy supply and carbon emission constraint index.

scholarly journals Design of a Reliable Hybrid (PV/Diesel) Power System with Energy Storage in Batteries for Remote Residential Home

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Anayochukwu Ani
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
Residential Home ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Battery Storage ◽  
Round Trip ◽  
Pv Array ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
Hybrid Solution ◽  
Battery Bank

This paper reports the experience acquired with a photovoltaic (PV) hybrid system simulated as an alternative to diesel system for a residential home located in Southern Nigeria. The hybrid system was designed to overcome the problem of climate change, to ensure a reliable supply without interruption, and to improve the overall system efficiency (by the integration of the battery bank). The system design philosophy was to maximize simplicity; hence, the system was sized using conventional simulation tool and representative insolation data. The system includes a 15 kW PV array, 21.6 kWh (3600 Ah) worth of battery storage, and a 5.4 kW (6.8 kVA) generator. The paper features a detailed analysis of the energy flows through the system and quantifies all losses caused by PV charge controller, battery storage round-trip, rectifier, and inverter conversions. In addition, simulation was run to compare PV/diesel/battery with diesel/battery and the results show that the capital cost of a PV/diesel hybrid solution with batteries is nearly three times higher than that of a generator and battery combination, but the net present cost, representing cost over the lifetime of the system, is less than one-half of the generator and battery combination.

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