Exergy Assessment and Thermo-Economic Analysis of Hybrid Solar Systems with Seasonal Storage and Heat Pump Coupling in the Social Housing Sector in Zaragoza

A real case study of an energy system based on a Solar Assisted Heat Pump (SAHP) fed by hybrid photovoltaic-thermal solar panels (PVT) and seasonal storage (SS) is presented in this paper. Exergy and exergy cost analyses are proposed as complementary methods for the assessment and better understanding of the efficiency of this cogeneration solar configuration. The system performance takes advantage of storage heat in summer, when the solar resource is high in Spain, and is then later consumed during the cold winter (heating season). The building is devoted to social housing, and it is currently under construction. The assessment is based on simulations developed using TRNSYS, a dynamic simulation software for energy systems. Results show that the unit exergy cost of the solar field is around 6. The cost of the seasonal storage is higher, about 13, and its formation is affected both by its own irreversibility and by the irreversibility of the PVT solar field. The cost of the heat delivered by the heat pump is around 15, being affected by all the upstream units and even by the grid. Besides, the analysis points out strategies for improving the system efficiency, such as increasing the size of the storage tank or improving the control strategy of the boiler.

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Case Study on Cost Saving and GHG Emission Reduction From Coupling Air Source Heat Pump With Photovoltaic/Thermal Collector

Volume 1: Combined Energy Cycles, CHP, CCHP, and Smart Grids; Concentrating Solar Power, Solar Thermochemistry and Thermal Energy Storage; Geothermal, Ocean, and Emerging Energy Technologies; Hydrogen Energy Technologies; Low/Zero Emission Power Plants and Carbon Sequestration; Photovoltaics; Wind Energy Systems and Technologies ◽

10.1115/es2014-6414 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Raghad S. Kamel ◽

Alan S. Fung

Keyword(s):

Heat Pump ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Heating System ◽

Simulation Software ◽

Ghg Emission ◽

Electricity Cost ◽

Air Source Heat Pump ◽

Renewable Electricity Generation ◽

The Cost ◽

T System

TRNSYS simulation software was used to modify a validated Air Source Heat Pump (ASHP) model in an Archetype Sustainable House (ASH) in Toronto. In this model, a Building Integrated Photovoltaic-Thermal Collector (BIPV/T) was coupled with ASHP. The PV/T system arrangement was considered as a part of the south-oriented roof of the house. The warm air generated in the BIPV/T collector was considered the source of the heat pump for heat production. The coupling of BIPV/T and ASHP enables a highly efficient heating system in harsh winter conditions. The developed TRNSYS model of the house along with integrated PV/T system with ASHP was simulated for the whole year to predict the hourly outlet air temperature, thermal energy and electricity obtained from the PV/T array. The results from the simulation were used to estimate the saving in energy and cost as well as to predict the electricity related GHG emission reduction potential from the PV panels. Monthly greenhouse gas (GHG) emission credit from PV production based on hourly GHG emission factor was obtained; the results showed that annual GHG emission due to electricity demand by the ASHP was reduced by 225 kg CO2 (19.3%) when the heat pump was integrated with the PV/T array. Also, in this study, the annual electricity cost credit from PV production based on Time-of-Use (TOU) and the reduction in electricity cost of the heat pump when connected with PV/T systems was calculated and compared with the cost of working the heat pump alone. The results show that there is a saving of $500 in annual electricity bills and GHG emission credit of 862.6 kg CO2 from renewable electricity generation.

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A Heat Pump-Based Multi-source Renewable Energy System for the Building Air Conditioning: The IDEAS Project Experience

TECNICA ITALIANA-Italian Journal of Engineering Science ◽

10.18280/ti-ijes.650102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 12-22

Author(s):

Silvia Cesari ◽

Alessia Natali ◽

Barbara Larwa ◽

Eleonora Baccega ◽

Elena Mainardi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Heat Pump ◽

Thermal Energy ◽

Heat Exchangers ◽

Large Scale ◽

Energy System ◽

Building Envelope ◽

Small Scale ◽

Solar Panels ◽

Renewable Energy System

The current paper presents the state-of-the-art of the ongoing IDEAS research project, funded under the Horizon 2020 EU framework programme. The project involves fourteen partners from six European countries and proposes a multi-source cost-effective renewable energy system for the decarbonisation of the building envelope. The system features a radiant floor fed by a heat pump for the building thermal management. The heat pump can exploit sun, air, and/or ground as thermal sources through the use of photovoltaic/thermal solar panels, air heat exchangers, and shallow ground flat-panel heat exchangers. Thermal energy storage is achieved by means of phase change materials spread along several system components, such as: radiant floor to increase its thermal inertia, solar panels for cooling purposes, ground to enhance soil thermal capacity. Within the project framework, a small-scale building, featuring a plethora of sensors for test purposes, and two large-scale buildings are meant to be equipped with the renewable energy system proposed. The small-scale building is currently in operation, and the first results are discussed in the present work. Preliminary data suggest that while multi-source systems coupled with heat pumps are particularly effective, it is complex to obtain suitable thermal energy storages on urban scale.

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Modular Solar Systems for 24/7 Scalable, Flexible, Affordable Electricity

Volume 2: I&C, Digital Controls, and Influence of Human Factors; Plant Construction Issues and Supply Chain Management; Plant Operations, Maintenance, Aging Management, Reliability and Performance; Renewable Energy Systems: Solar, Wind, Hydro and Geothermal; Risk Management, Safety and Cyber Security; Steam Turbine-Generators, Electric Generators, Transformers, Switchgear, and Electric BOP and Auxiliaries; Student Competition; Thermal Hydraulics and Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽

10.1115/power-icope2017-3155 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Bruce N. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Department Of Energy ◽

Capacity Factor ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Water Steam ◽

Solar Systems ◽

The Cost ◽

Cost Feasibility ◽

Solar Resource ◽

Utility Scale

A successful transition to a low carbon future requires that power be generated all of the time, 24/7, not just when the sun is shining. But few clean emissions power technologies can operate 24/7. Concentrated solar power (CSP) can because it can store thermal energy at 10–20% of the cost of batteries1 and can then burn fuel when its solar resource is exhausted. However, many see first generation CSP as too costly, complex, risky, and economical only at utility scale. Alternatively, by mimicking the all-factory, standardized, modular approach of wind and PV, next generation CSP with low-cost dry thermal storage (e.g., firebrick, not molten salts), and using no water/steam (just hot air) may give CSP the potential to fulfill on its promise of baseload affordability. This technical paper summarizes an Engineering and Cost Feasibility Study2 funded by the US Department of Energy as well as presents a new breakthrough power generation product based on the Brayton power tower system called 247Solar Plants™. Design, construction, and operation are all simplified with greatly reduced costs and increased deployment speeds. Such modular CSP systems can be installed as single units or 100s of modules at utility scale. The microturbines used by the system stabilize grids by responding nearly instantly, similar to battery response time, to changing power demands and voltage fluctuations, while offering dispatchable, reliable electricity. The redundancy of multiple modules in a single project increases capacity factor, operational flexibility, and project reliability. The DOE Study shows that such a system may be able to achieve the two key DOE targets included: 1) a capacity factor of at least 75%, of which >85% would be solar with <15% from fuels; and LCOE3s <9ȼ/kWh. Indeed, LCOEs under 6ȼ/kWh may be possible with further development and widespread deployment.

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The Design of Water Intake System and Analysis of Water Quality Conditions of the Regional Energy System of Complex River Water Source Heat Pump

The Open Fuels & Energy Science Journal ◽

10.2174/1876973x01508010038 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 38-42

Author(s):

Pengfei Si ◽

Xiangyang Rong ◽

Angui Li ◽

Xiaodan Min ◽

Zhengwu Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

River Water ◽

Heat Pump ◽

Water Intake ◽

Water Source ◽

Energy System ◽

Sediment Concentration ◽

Regional Energy ◽

Heat Pump Unit

As a realization of the energy cascade utilization, the regional energy system has the significant potential of energy saving. As a kind of renewable energy, river water source heat pump also can greatly reduce the energy consumption of refrigeration and heating system. Combining the regional energy and water source heat pump technology, to achieve cooling, heating and power supply for a plurality of block building is of great significance to reduce building energy consumption. This paper introduces a practical engineering case which combines the regional energy system of complex river water source heat pump, which provides a detailed analysis of the hydrology and water quality conditions of the river water source heat pump applications, and discusses the design methods of water intake and drainage system. The results show that the average temperature of cold season is about 23.5 °C, the heating season is about 13.2 °C; the abundant regional water flow can meet the water requirement of water source heat pump unit; the sediment concentration index cannot meet the requirement of river water source heat pump if the water enters the unit directly; the river water chemistry indicators (pH, Cl-, SO42-, total hardness, total iron) can meet the requirement of river water source heat pump, and it is not required to take special measures to solve the problem. However, the problem of sediment concentration of water must be solved.

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Evaluation of the energy demands for a floating O&M-hub

Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy ◽

10.1007/s40722-021-00191-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

F. Wittmann ◽

C. Schmitt ◽

F. Adam ◽

P. Dierken

Keyword(s):

Software Tool ◽

Energy System ◽

Spare Parts ◽

Simulation Software ◽

Offshore Wind ◽

Baseline Scenario ◽

Horizon 2020 ◽

Energy Supply System ◽

The North ◽

Energy Demands

AbstractThe Energyhub@Sea concept is one of the four research applications of the Space@Sea project funded by the EU’s Horizon 2020 research program (GA number: 774253). The focus of this paper is the evaluation of the energy demands of an energy self-sufficient maintenance platform at the location of Helgoland in the North Sea. In view of this, a standardized modular floater was developed as an offshore wind operation and maintenance base, which in the following paper is referred to as an O&M hub. The O&M hub is intended to be equipped with accommodation facilities and various renewable energy infrastructure as well as spare parts logistics, enabling the platform to perform maintenance of offshore gearless wind turbines with a capacity of up to 10 MW. To be energy self-sustaining, an energy supply system for the hub was developed and simulated at a resolution of ten minutes by means of the Top-Energy simulation software, a commercial software tool. As a basis for the simulation, an approach for the automated determination of flexible load profiles, in resolutions of up to ten minutes was developed. This load profile generator creates load profiles on the basis of environmental conditions, technical characteristics, and expected behaviors of the inhabitants. On the basis of the generated load profiles, a first layout (referred to as baseline scenario) for the different components of the energy system was evaluated and tested through simulation. In a second step, three optimization scenarios were developed and simulated with regards to the financial feasibility of the Energyhub.

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Based on Numerical Simulation of High-Performance Parallel Machine Muffler Experimental Calibration

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.1645 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 718-720 ◽

pp. 1645-1650

Author(s):

Gen Yin Cheng ◽

Sheng Chen Yu ◽

Zhi Yong Wei ◽

Shao Jie Chen ◽

You Cheng

Keyword(s):

Numerical Simulation ◽

Finite Element ◽

Boundary Element ◽

Message Passing ◽

High Performance ◽

Message Passing Interface ◽

Parallel Machine ◽

Simulation Software ◽

Experimental Calibration ◽

The Cost

Commonly used commercial simulation software SYSNOISE and ANSYS is run on a single machine (can not directly run on parallel machine) when use the finite element and boundary element to simulate muffler effect, and it will take more than ten days, sometimes even twenty days to work out an exact solution as the large amount of numerical simulation. Use a high performance parallel machine which was built by 32 commercial computers and transform the finite element and boundary element simulation software into a program that can running under the MPI (message passing interface) parallel environment in order to reduce the cost of numerical simulation. The relevant data worked out from the simulation experiment demonstrate that the result effect of the numerical simulation is well. And the computing speed of the high performance parallel machine is 25 ~ 30 times a microcomputer.

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A Review of Conventional and Innovative- Sustainable Methods for Cleaning Reflectors in Concentrating Solar Power Plants

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10113937 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 3937 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Sahar Bouaddi ◽

Aránzazu Fernández-García ◽

Chris Sansom ◽

Jon Sarasua ◽

Fabian Wolfertstetter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Power Plants ◽

Solar Power ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Concentrating Solar Power ◽

Water Based ◽

Solar Power Plants ◽

Cleaning Methods ◽

The Cost ◽

Solar Field ◽

High Reflectance

The severe soiling of reflectors deployed in arid and semi arid locations decreases their reflectance and drives down the yield of the concentrating solar power (CSP) plants. To alleviate this issue, various sets of methods are available. The operation and maintenance (O&M) staff should opt for sustainable cleaning methods that are safe and environmentally friendly. To restore high reflectance, the cleaning vehicles of CSP plants must adapt to the constraints of each technology and to the layout of reflectors in the solar field. Water based methods are currently the most commonly used in CSP plants but they are not sustainable due to water scarcity and high soiling rates. The recovery and reuse of washing water can compensate for these methods and make them a more reasonable option for mediterranean and desert environments. Dry methods, on the other hand, are gaining more attraction as they are more suitable for desert regions. Some of these methods rely on ultrasonic wave or vibration for detaching the dust bonding from the reflectors surface, while other methods, known as preventive methods, focus on reducing the soiling by modifying the reflectors surface and incorporating self cleaning features using special coatings. Since the CSP plants operators aim to achieve the highest profit by minimizing the cost of cleaning while maintaining a high reflectance, optimizing the cleaning parameters and strategies is of great interest. This work presents the conventional water-based methods that are currently used in CSP plants in addition to sustainable alternative methods for dust removal and soiling prevention. Also, the cleaning effectiveness, the environmental impacts and the economic aspects of each technology are discussed.

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Development and Experimental Validation of a Modelling Tool for Humid Air Turbine Saturators

Volume 3: Controls, Diagnostics and Instrumentation; Cycle Innovations; Marine ◽

10.1115/gt2010-23338 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Francesco Caratozzolo ◽

Alberto Traverso ◽

Aristide F. Massardo

Keyword(s):

Energy System ◽

Simulation Software ◽

Transient Condition ◽

Contact Heat ◽

C Language ◽

Air Turbine ◽

Power Group ◽

Mass Flow Rates ◽

Fortran Language ◽

The University

This work presents the re-engineering of the TRANSAT 1.0 code which was developed to perform off-design and transient condition analysis of Saturators and Direct Contact Heat Exchangers. This model, now available in the 2.0 release, was originally implemented in FORTRAN language, has been updated to C language, fully coded into MATLAB/Simulink® environment and validated using the extensive set of data available from the MOSAT project, carried out by the Thermochemical Power Group of the University of Genoa. The rig consists of a fully instrumented modular vertical saturator, which is controlled and monitored with a LABVIEW® computer interface. The simulation software showed fair stability in computation and in response to step variation of the main parameters driving the thermodynamic evolution of the air and water flows. Considering the actual mass flow rates, a geometric similitude was used to avoid calculation instability due to flows under 100 g/s. Overall the model proved to be reliable and accurate enough for energy system simulations.

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Performance Comparative Analysis of Monocrystalline and Polycrystalline Single Diode Solar Panel Models using the Five Parameters Method

Frontier Energy System and Power Engineering ◽

10.17977/um049v1i1p14-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Rizal Akbarudin Rahman ◽

Aripriharta Aripriharta ◽

Hari Putranto

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Input Data ◽

Power Plants ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Solar Panel ◽

Solar Panels ◽

Natural Conditions ◽

Panel Models ◽

The Cost ◽

Module Performance

The use of renewable energy as a source of electrical energyincreases every year. Unfortunately, Indonesia does not have manypower plants that utilize renewable energy sources. The mostpotential renewable energy in Indonesia is the sunlight with the helpof solar panels that converts solar energy into electrical energy.However, the environment could affect the solar panel module andin turn, affect the performance of solar panels or the generatedelectric energy. This research calculated the performance of solarpanels with a single-diode model using the Five Parameters methodthat required solar panel module specification data, the totalradiation absorbed by the solar panel module, and the temperatureof the environment. The Five Parameters method is a methodmodeled after solar panel module performance in the form of thesingle-diode equivalent circuit. The Five Parameters method isreliable in predicting the energy produced by the solar panels whenthe input data is limited. The results for using the Five Parametersin monocrystalline solar panels were Isc = 1.827 A, Imp = 0.662 A,Voc = 18.221 V, Vmp = 15.019 V, Pmp = 9.955 W. And the results inpolycrystalline solar panels were Isc = 1.926 A, Imp = 0.686 A, Voc =17.594 V, Vmp = 14.166 V, Pmp = 9.722 W. Based on the results; itwas concluded that the most efficient and optimised types of solarpanels on natural conditions in Sendang Biru Beach was themonocrystalline solar panel because it produced electrical outputpower of 9.955 W. Therefore, there could be a manufacturer ofsolar energy power plants to reduce the cost of electricity in thecoastal area, such as in Sendang Biru Beach.

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