Modular Solar Systems for 24/7 Scalable, Flexible, Affordable Electricity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce N. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Capacity Factor ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Water Steam ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Feasibility ◽  
Solar Resource ◽  
Utility Scale

A successful transition to a low carbon future requires that power be generated all of the time, 24/7, not just when the sun is shining. But few clean emissions power technologies can operate 24/7. Concentrated solar power (CSP) can because it can store thermal energy at 10–20% of the cost of batteries1 and can then burn fuel when its solar resource is exhausted. However, many see first generation CSP as too costly, complex, risky, and economical only at utility scale. Alternatively, by mimicking the all-factory, standardized, modular approach of wind and PV, next generation CSP with low-cost dry thermal storage (e.g., firebrick, not molten salts), and using no water/steam (just hot air) may give CSP the potential to fulfill on its promise of baseload affordability. This technical paper summarizes an Engineering and Cost Feasibility Study2 funded by the US Department of Energy as well as presents a new breakthrough power generation product based on the Brayton power tower system called 247Solar Plants™. Design, construction, and operation are all simplified with greatly reduced costs and increased deployment speeds. Such modular CSP systems can be installed as single units or 100s of modules at utility scale. The microturbines used by the system stabilize grids by responding nearly instantly, similar to battery response time, to changing power demands and voltage fluctuations, while offering dispatchable, reliable electricity. The redundancy of multiple modules in a single project increases capacity factor, operational flexibility, and project reliability. The DOE Study shows that such a system may be able to achieve the two key DOE targets included: 1) a capacity factor of at least 75%, of which >85% would be solar with <15% from fuels; and LCOE3s <9ȼ/kWh. Indeed, LCOEs under 6ȼ/kWh may be possible with further development and widespread deployment.

scholarly journals Exergy Assessment and Thermo-Economic Analysis of Hybrid Solar Systems with Seasonal Storage and Heat Pump Coupling in the Social Housing Sector in Zaragoza

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1279
Author(s):  
Amaya Martínez-Gracia ◽  
Sergio Usón ◽  
Mª Teresa Pintanel ◽  
Javier Uche ◽  
Ángel A. Bayod-Rújula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Solar Resource ◽  
Solar Field

A real case study of an energy system based on a Solar Assisted Heat Pump (SAHP) fed by hybrid photovoltaic-thermal solar panels (PVT) and seasonal storage (SS) is presented in this paper. Exergy and exergy cost analyses are proposed as complementary methods for the assessment and better understanding of the efficiency of this cogeneration solar configuration. The system performance takes advantage of storage heat in summer, when the solar resource is high in Spain, and is then later consumed during the cold winter (heating season). The building is devoted to social housing, and it is currently under construction. The assessment is based on simulations developed using TRNSYS, a dynamic simulation software for energy systems. Results show that the unit exergy cost of the solar field is around 6. The cost of the seasonal storage is higher, about 13, and its formation is affected both by its own irreversibility and by the irreversibility of the PVT solar field. The cost of the heat delivered by the heat pump is around 15, being affected by all the upstream units and even by the grid. Besides, the analysis points out strategies for improving the system efficiency, such as increasing the size of the storage tank or improving the control strategy of the boiler.

scholarly journals Higher cost of finance exacerbates a climate investment trap in developing economies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Ameli ◽  
Olivier Dessens ◽  
Matthew Winning ◽  
Jennifer Cronin ◽  
Hugues Chenet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
The Cost

AbstractFinance is vital for the green energy transition, but access to low cost finance is uneven as the cost of capital differs substantially between regions. This study shows how modelled decarbonisation pathways for developing economies are disproportionately impacted by different weighted average cost of capital (WACC) assumptions. For example, representing regionally-specific WACC values indicates 35% lower green electricity production in Africa for a cost-optimal 2 °C pathway than when regional considerations are ignored. Moreover, policy interventions lowering WACC values for low-carbon and high-carbon technologies by 2050 would allow Africa to reach net-zero emissions approximately 10 years earlier than when the cost of capital reduction is not considered. A climate investment trap arises for developing economies when climate-related investments remain chronically insufficient. Current finance frameworks present barriers to these finance flows and radical changes are needed so that capital is more equitably distributed.

scholarly journals Efficiency Power Plant Implementation Decision-Making Based on the Profit Function and Its Numerical Simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiping Zhu ◽  
Yue Jin
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Production Behavior ◽  
Electricity Saving ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Test Verification ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The efficiency power plant (EPP) is a kind of virtual power plant with zero emission, zero pollution, and low cost and exhibits a high-quality low-carbon production behavior in input-output analysis. In the process of implementing EPP, enterprises not only save electricity but also reduce carbon emissions, while increasing the cost of R&amp;D and equipment. Therefore, it is very necessary to study relationships between carbon quota and EPP implementation decision. In this paper, we build the profit functions of three different types of enterprises implementing EPP and analyze the relationship of main parameters, such as the probability of implementing EPP, electricity saving, income, cost, and carbon quota, and obtain nine relative results. Then, we use ‘Maple’ software to simulate the results by drawing images of parameters, and all the above nine results passed the simulation test verification. At last, we collect the actual survey data and use VC++ programming to carry out an empirical study in China to prove the practicability of the model and the results. The results show that, under the carbon quota trading system, enterprises should tend to implement EPPs and increase investment in R&amp;D and acquisition of EPPs and are needed to adjust the intensity of implementing EPPs according to the change of carbon quota and unit carbon quota income, to obtain higher income.

Adsorption removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kshitij Tewari ◽  
Gaurav Singhal ◽  
Raj Kumar Arya
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Malachite Green ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Malachite Green Dye ◽  
Adsorption Removal ◽  
Adsorption Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Feasibility

Abstract In this review, the state of the art on the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution using adsorption technique is presented. The objective is to critically analyze different adsorbents available for malachite green dye removal. Hence, the available recent literature in the area is categorized according to the cost, feasibility, and availability of adsorbents. An extensive survey of the adsorbents, derived from various sources such as low cost biological materials, waste material from industry, agricultural waste, polymers, clays, nanomaterials, and magnetic materials, has been carried out. The review studies on different adsorption factors, such as pH, concentration, adsorbent dose, and temperature. The fitting of the adsorption data to various models, isotherms, and kinetic regimes is also reported.

Electricity Production from Small-Scale Photovoltaics in Urban Areas

2015 ◽  
pp. 124-161
Author(s):  
Constantinos S. Psomopoulos ◽  
George Ch. Ioannidis ◽  
Stavros D. Kaminaris
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Pv System ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Utility Scale

The interest in solar photovoltaic energy is growing worldwide. Today, more than 40GW of photovoltaics have been installed all over the world. Since the 1970s, the PV system price is continuously dropping. This price drop and the adaptation of feed-in tariffs at governmental or utility scale have encouraged worldwide application of small-scale photovoltaic systems. The objective of this chapter is to present the potential for electricity production focusing mainly on the benefits of small-scale installations in urban areas, along with the growth of the global photovoltaics market. The types of installation alternatives are described but the focus is on the rooftop installations due to their simplicity and relatively low cost for urban areas. Electricity production data are presented together with their technical characteristics. Furthermore, analysis of the cost reduction is attempted and the benefits gained from the implementation of small-scale systems are also presented, demonstrating the sustainability role they will play.

scholarly journals Promoter engineering for microbial bio-alkane gas production

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duangthip Trisrivirat ◽  
John M X Hughes ◽  
Robin Hoeven ◽  
Matthew Faulkner ◽  
Helen Toogood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cost ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Promoter Library ◽  
Production Strategy ◽  
Inducible Systems ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Successful industrial biotechnological solutions to biofuels and other chemicals production rely on effective competition with existing lower-cost natural sources and synthetic chemistry approaches enabled by adopting low-cost bioreactors and processes. This is achievable by mobilizing Halomonas as a next generation industrial chassis, which can be cultivated under non-sterile conditions. To increase the cost effectiveness of an existing sustainable low carbon bio-propane production strategy, we designed and screened a constitutive promoter library based on the known strong porin promoter from Halomonas. Comparative studies were performed between Escherichia coli and Halomonas using the reporter gene red fluorescent protein (RFP). Later studies with a fatty acid photodecarboxylase-RFP fusion protein demonstrated tuneable propane production in Halomonas and E. coli, with an ∼8-fold improvement in yield over comparable isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside-inducible systems. This novel set of promoters is a useful addition to the synthetic biology toolbox for future engineering of Halomonas to make chemicals and fuels.

Challenges and Opportunities for Improving Thin-Film Photovoltaics

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (41) ◽  
pp. 2827-2832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna Kozinsky ◽  
Brion Bob ◽  
Rebecca Jones-Albertus
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Thin Film Photovoltaics ◽  
Utility Scale ◽  
Efficiency And Reliability ◽  
National Effort

ABSTRACTThe U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)’s SunShot Initiative is a collaborative national effort to reduce the price of solar energy to 6¢/kWh without subsidy for utility scale installations by 2020. Thin-film photovoltaics offer a promising path to reach this goal. Analysis of the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) from photovoltaics (PV) highlights the dependence on the module and system efficiency and lifetime in addition to module price. Here we summarize challenges and opportunities for CdTe and CIGS PV research and show that a substantial effort is still needed in areas such as device design and material improvement to reach higher efficiency and reliability connected with low-cost and robust module-scale implementation. We also discuss how SunShot Initiative funding is addressing key research areas in CdTe and CIGS PV and show how recent progress in SunShot projects is guiding funding priorities in thin-film PV research.

Electricity Production from Small-Scale Photovoltaics in Urban Areas

2017 ◽  
pp. 618-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantinos S. Psomopoulos ◽  
George Ch. Ioannidis ◽  
Stavros D. Kaminaris
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Pv System ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Utility Scale

The interest in solar photovoltaic energy is growing worldwide. Today, more than 40GW of photovoltaics have been installed all over the world. Since the 1970s, the PV system price is continuously dropping. This price drop and the adaptation of feed-in tariffs at governmental or utility scale have encouraged worldwide application of small-scale photovoltaic systems. The objective of this chapter is to present the potential for electricity production focusing mainly on the benefits of small-scale installations in urban areas, along with the growth of the global photovoltaics market. The types of installation alternatives are described but the focus is on the rooftop installations due to their simplicity and relatively low cost for urban areas. Electricity production data are presented together with their technical characteristics. Furthermore, analysis of the cost reduction is attempted and the benefits gained from the implementation of small-scale systems are also presented, demonstrating the sustainability role they will play.

Advance Protection for Three Phase Induction Motor using Microcontroller Atmega32

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Karan S Belsare ◽  
Gajanan D Patil
Keyword(s):  
Induction Motor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Cost Factor ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
The Cost

A low cost and reliable protection scheme has been designed for a three phase induction motor against unbalance voltages, under voltage, over voltage, short circuit and overheating protection. Taking the cost factor into consideration the design has been proposed using microcontroller Atmega32, MOSFETs, relays, small CTs and PTs. However the sensitivity of the protection scheme has been not compromised. The design has been tested online in the laboratory for small motors and the same can be implemented for larger motors by replacing the i-v converters and relays of suitable ratings.

Janus – A New Approach to Air Combat Pilot Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Georges Bridel ◽  
Zdobyslaw Goraj ◽  
Lukasz Kiszkowiak ◽  
Jean-Georges Brévot ◽  
Jean-Pierre Devaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Training System ◽  
Embedded Sensors ◽  
Pilot Training ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Combat Aircraft ◽  
Air Combat ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Advanced jet training still relies on old concepts and solutions that are no longer efficient when considering the current and forthcoming changes in air combat. The cost of those old solutions to develop and maintain combat pilot skills are important, adding even more constraints to the training limitations. The requirement of having a trainer aircraft able to perform also light combat aircraft operational mission is adding unnecessary complexity and cost without any real operational advantages to air combat mission training. Thanks to emerging technologies, the JANUS project will study the feasibility of a brand-new concept of agile manoeuvrable training aircraft and an integrated training system, able to provide a live, virtual and constructive environment. The JANUS concept is based on a lightweight, low-cost, high energy aircraft associated to a ground based Integrated Training System providing simulated and emulated signals, simulated and real opponents, combined with real-time feedback on pilot’s physiological characteristics: traditionally embedded sensors are replaced with emulated signals, simulated opponents are proposed to the pilot, enabling out of sight engagement. JANUS is also providing new cost effective and more realistic solutions for “Red air aircraft” missions, organised in so-called “Aggressor Squadrons”.

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