scholarly journals A Synthetic Approach for Datacenter Power Consumption Regulation towards Specific Targets in Smart Grid Environment

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2602
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Zhao ◽  
Xiaoying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Power System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Adjustment Cost ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Cost Models

With the large-scale grid connection of renewable energy sources, the frequency stability problem of the power system has become increasingly prominent. At the same time, the development of cloud computing and its applications has attracted people’s attention to the high energy consumption characteristics of datacenters. Therefore, it was proposed to use the characteristics of the high power consumption and high flexibility of datacenters to respond to the demand response signal of the smart grid to maintain the stability of the power system. Specifically, this paper establishes a synthetic model that integrates multiple methods to precisely control and regulate the power consumption of the datacenter while minimizing the total adjustment cost. First, according to the overall characteristics of the datacenter, the power consumption models of servers and cooling systems were established. Secondly, by controlling the temperature, different kinds of energy storage devices, load characteristics and server characteristics, the working process of various regulation methods and the corresponding adjustment cost models were obtained. Then, the cost and penalty of each power regulation method were incorporated. Finally, the proposed dynamic synthetic approach was used to achieve the goal of accurately adjusting the power consumption of the datacenter with least adjustment cost. Through comparative analysis of evaluation experiment results, it can be observed that the proposed approach can better regulate the power consumption of the datacenter with lower adjustment cost than other alternative methods.

scholarly journals Load frequency control for renewable energy sources for isolated power system by introducing large scale PV and storage battery

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1597-1603
Author(s):  
Lei Liu ◽  
Tomonobu Senjyu ◽  
Takeyoshi Kato ◽  
Abdul Motin Howlader ◽  
Paras Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Storage Battery ◽  
Load Frequency ◽  
And Storage

scholarly journals Potential of individual heat pumps for renewable energy storage in Smart Grid

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00057
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Niemierka ◽  
Piotr Jadwiszczak
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Green Power

Ever-increasing power market and environmental policy enforce growth of renewable power sources. Renewables inflexibility and dependency on weather condition causes periodically imbalance in power system due to the green power overproduction. With the increase of renewable sources, the balancing problems in power system will be increasingly significance issue. It is proposed to use individual heat pumps as a next tool for energy system adjustment support. Power system adjustment will be carried out by active demand side management by intended domestic hot water tanks overheating. The smart grid individual heat pumps setpoints will be switched at community or even country scale. The strategy allows shaving the overproduction peaks through short-term increase of electricity consumption in remote controlled heat pumps and to lowering power demand during green power deficits using the thermal energy stored in overheated domestic hot water. The dynamic mathematical simulations were made to define the operation and limitation of active control strategy of heat pumps integrated into smart grid. The results allow testing and assessing the potential of individual heat pumps as a next tool for balancing the power system with large scale of renewable power.

scholarly journals An Insight into Practical Solutions for Electric Vehicle Charging in Smart Grid

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Deilami ◽  
S. M. Muyeen
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power System ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Smart Power ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Ev Charging

The electrification of transportation has been developed to support energy efficiency and CO2 reduction. As a result, electric vehicles (EVs) have become more popular in the current transport system to create more efficient energy. In recent years, this increase in EVs as well as renewable energy resources (RERs) has led to a major issue for power system networks. This paper studies electrical vehicles (EVs) and their applications in the smart grid and provides practical solutions for EV charging strategies in a smart power system to overcome the issues associated with large-scale EV penetrations. The research first reviews the EV battery infrastructure and charging strategies and introduces the main impacts of uncontrolled charging on the power grid. Then, it provides a practical overview of the existing and future solutions to manage the large-scale integration of EVs into the network. The simulation results for two controlled strategies of maximum sensitivity selection (MSS) and genetic algorithm (GA) optimization are presented and reviewed. A comparative analysis was performed to prove the application and validity of the solution approaches. This also helps researchers with the application of the optimization approaches on EV charging strategies. These two algorithms were implemented on a modified IEEE 23 kV medium voltage distribution system with switched shunt capacitors (SSCs) and a low voltage residential network, including EVs and nonlinear EV battery chargers.

A Study on Wind - Energy Storage Hybrid System

2011 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Liang ◽  
Jian Lin Li ◽  
Dong Hui
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power System ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Wind Power System

Recently, more and more people realize the importance of environment protection. Electric power generation systems using renewable energy sources have an advantage of no greenhouse effect gas emission. Among all the choices, wind power can offer an economic and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional methods of power supply. As a result, wind energy generation, utilization and its grid penetration in electrical grid is increasing world wide. The wind generated power is always fluctuating due to its time varying nature and causing stability problem. Inserting energy storage system into large scale wind farm to eliminate the fluctuation becomes a solution for developing large scale renewable energy system connected with grid. The topology diagram and control strategy are presented in this paper. According to the simulation result, it could be indicated that embedding energy storage system into wind power system could improve the access friendly and extend system functions. This paper shows that integrating energy storage system into wind power system will build a more reliable and flexible system for power grid.

scholarly journals System Modeling and Reliability Assessment of Microgrids: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Masood Ibni Nazir ◽  
Ikhlaq Hussain ◽  
Aijaz Ahmad ◽  
Irfan Khan ◽  
Ayan Mallik
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Power System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Space Representation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
State Space Representation ◽  
Operating Modes

The world today is plagued with problems of increased transmission and distribution (T&D) losses leading to poor reliability due to power outages and an increase in the expenditure on electrical infrastructure. To address these concerns, technology has evolved to enable the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) like solar, wind, diesel and biomass energy into small scale self-governing power system zones which are known as micro-grids (MGs). A de-centralised approach for modern power grid systems has led to an increased focus on distributed energy resources and demand response. MGs act as complete power system units albeit on a small scale. However, this does not prevent them from large operational sophistication allowing their independent functioning in both grid-connected and stand-alone modes. MGs provide greater reliability as compared to the entire system owing to the large amount of information secured from the bulk system. They comprise numerous sources like solar, wind, diesel along with storage devices and converters. Several modeling schemes have been devised to reduce the handling burden of large scale systems. This paper gives a detailed review of MGs and their architecture, state space representation of wind energy conversion systems & solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, operating modes and power management in a MG and its impact on a distribution network.

scholarly journals Frequency Control of Large-Scale Interconnected Power Systems via Battery Integration: A Comparison Between the Hybrid Battery Model and WECC Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghieh Abdollahi Biroon ◽  
Pierluigi Pisu ◽  
David Schoenwald
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Control ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The Stability

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources in power grids highlights the role of battery energy stor- age systems (BESSs) in enhancing the stability and reliability of electricity. A key challenge with the renewables’, specially the BESSs, integration into the power system is the lack of proper dynamic model for stability analysis. Moreover, a proper control design for the power system is a complicated issue due to its complexity and inter-connectivity. Thus, the application of decentralized control to improve the stability of a large- scale power system is inevitable, especially in distributed energy sources (DERs). This paper presents an optimal distributed hybrid control design for the interconnected systems to suppress the effects of small disturbances in the power system employing utility-scale batteries based on existing battery models. The results show that i) the smart scheduling of the batteries’ output reduces the inter-area oscillations and improves the stability of the power systems; ii) the hybrid model of the battery is more user-friendly compared to the Western electricity coordinating council (WECC) model in power system analysis.

scholarly journals Smart-Grid-Aware Load Regulation of Multiple Datacenters towards the Variable Generation of Renewable Energy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peicong Luo ◽  
Xiaoying Wang ◽  
Hailong Jin ◽  
Yuling Li ◽  
Xuejiao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Stochastic Algorithm ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
The Impact

Recently, as renewable and distributed power sources boost, many such resources are integrated into the smart grid as a clean energy input. However, since the generation of renewable energy is intermittent and unstable, the smart grid needs to regulate the load to maintain stability after integrating the renewable energy source. At the same time, with the development of cloud computing, large-scale datacenters are becoming potentially controllable loads for the smart grid due to their high energy consumption. In this paper, we propose an appropriate approach to dynamically adjust the datacenter load to balance the unstable renewable energy input into the grid. This could meet the demand response requirements by taking advantage of the variable power consumption of datacenters. We have examined the scenarios of one or more datacenters being integrated into the grid and adopted a stochastic algorithm to solve the problem we established. The experimental results illustrated that the dynamic load management of multiple datacenters could help the smart grid to reduce losses and thus save operational costs. Besides, we also analyzed the impact of the flexibility and the delay of datacenter actions, which could be applied to more general scenarios in realistic environments. Furthermore, considering the impact of the action delay, we employed a forecasting method to predict renewable energy generation in advance to eliminate the extra losses brought by the delay as much as possible. By predicting solar power generation, the improved results showed that the proposed method was effective and feasible under both sunny and cloudy/rainy/snowy weather conditions.

scholarly journals Opportunities and Challenges of Flexible Electricity-Based Fuel Production for the European Power System

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9844
Author(s):  
Maximilian Borning ◽  
Larissa Doré ◽  
Michael Wolff ◽  
Julian Walter ◽  
Tristan Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power System ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Climate Neutrality ◽  
The Impact

To mitigate global warming, the European Union aims at climate neutrality by 2050. In order to reach this, the transportation sector has to contribute especially, which accounts for about a quarter of the European greenhouse gas emissions. Herein, electricity-based fuels are a promising approach for reducing emissions. However, a large-scale deployment of electricity-based fuels has a significant impact on the power system due to high electricity demand and the requirement to use renewable energy sources in order to be sustainable. At the same time, this fuel production could offer additional flexibility for the power system. This article investigates the opportunities and challenges of electricity-based fuels and flexible electricity-based fuel production for the European power system. In a literature analysis, the pivotal role of electricity-based fuels for climate neutrality is confirmed. To analyze the impact of flexible fuel production, European power market simulations for the year 2035 are conducted. Results indicate that flexibilization leads to an increased integration of electricity based on renewable energy sources as well as reductions in both carbon dioxide emissions and total operational costs of the power system. However, very high flexibility levels also benefit high-emission power plants and may even lead to increased emissions.

scholarly journals A Study on the Power Reserve of Distributed Generators Based on Power Sensitivity Analysis in a Large-Scale Power System

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 769
Author(s):  
Dongmin Kim ◽  
Jung-Wook Park ◽  
Soo Hyoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Droop Control ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Distributed Generators ◽  
Proper Power ◽  
The Stability

Converter-based generators (CBGs) that use renewable energy sources (RESs) are replacing traditional aging coal and nuclear power generators. Increasing the penetration of CBGs into the entire power generation process reduces both the inertia constant of the power system and the total amount of power reserves. Additionally, RESs are very intermittent and it is difficult to predict changes in them. These problems, due to CBGs using RESs, pose new challenges to net–load balancing. As a solution, this paper proposes a virtual multi-slack (VMS) droop control that secures the stability and efficiency of system operation by controlling the output of CBGs distributed in various regions. The VMS droop control makes it possible to increase the inertia constant of the power system and to respond quickly and appropriately to load changes through the proposed VMS droop control based on power sensitivity. It is also proposed that the process selects proper power reserves of CBGs for stable VMS droop control. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed VMS droop control and the proper power reserve selection method for CBGs, several case studies were performed using a real Korean power system.

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