scholarly journals Refining and Reuse of Waste Lube Oil in SI Engines: A Novel Approach for a Sustainable Environment

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2937
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Muhammad Kashif Jamil ◽  
Fahid Riaz ◽  
Haris Hussain ◽  
Ghulam Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Method ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Improved Performance

The protection of the environment and pollution control are issues of paramount importance. Researchers today are engrossed in mitigating the harmful impacts of petroleum waste on the environment. Lubricating oils, which are essential for the smooth operation of engines, are often disposed of improperly after completing their life. In the experimental work presented in this paper, deteriorated engine oil was regenerated using the acid treatment method and was reused in the engine. The comparison of the properties of reused oil, the engine’s performance, and the emissions from the engine are presented. The reuse of regenerated oil, the evaluation of performance, and emissions establish the usefulness of the regeneration of waste lubricating oil. For the used oil, total acid number (TAN), specific gravity, flash point, ash content, and kinematic viscosity changed by 60.7%, 6.7%, 4.4%, 96%, and 15.5%, respectively, compared with fresh oil. The regeneration partially restored all the lost lubricating oil properties. The performance parameters, brake power (BP), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and exhaust gas temperature (EGT) improved with regenerated oil in use compared with used oil. The emissions CO and NOX contents for acid-treated oil were 9.7% and 17.3% less in comparison with used oil, respectively. Thus, regenerated oil showed improved performance and oil properties along with significantly reduced emissions when employed in an SI engine.

Study on Wear of Piston Rings in Diesel Engines With Exhaust Gas Recirculation

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tokuro Sato ◽  
Hideki Saito ◽  
Koji Korematsu ◽  
Junya Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Time History ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Piston Rings ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Residual Content ◽  
Measured Time

Abstract The wear of piston rings in the diesel engines with EGR system is studied experimentally. In order to clarify the effect of PM on the wear, the wear of the piston rings in the test engine is measured, (1) when the non-soluble in the lubricating oil is removed by the oil filters, (2) when PM in the re-circulating gas is removed by the DPF, (3) when the carbon black is added in the lubricating oil. The experimental results are discussed with the measured time history of kinematic viscosity, total base number, total acid number, ZDTP survival rate, and carbon residual content and its particle size in the engine oil.

Synthesis and evaluation of ashless detergent/dispersant additives for lubricating engine oil

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 622-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nehal S. Ahmed ◽  
Hamdy S. Abdel-Hameed ◽  
Ahmed F. El-Kafrawy ◽  
Amal M. Nassar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Automotive Engines ◽  
Carbonaceous Deposits ◽  
New Compounds

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to solve the problem of carbonaceous deposits in automotive engines by preparing different ashless detergent/dispersant additives based on propylene oxide (PO) and different amines. Carbonaceous deposits in automotive engines are the major problems associated with oil aging. Efficient detergents and dispersants have been used to solve this problem, particularly in lubricating oils. Design/methodology/approach – The structures of the prepared compounds were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for determination of molecular weight. This was followed by the evaluation of the prepared compounds such as detergent/dispersant and antioxidants additives for lubricating engine oil using several techniques such as variation of viscosity ratio, change in total acid number, optical density using infrared techniques, spot method, determination of sludge and determination the potential detergent dispersant efficiency (PDDE). Findings – All the prepared compounds were found to be soluble in lubricating oil. The efficiency of the prepared compounds such as antioxidant and detergent/dispersant additives for lubricating oil was investigated. It was found that the additives have excellent power of dispersion, detergency and the most efficient additives such as antioxidant those prepared by using n,n-dimethyloctadecylamine (NDOA) and di-n-butyl dithio phosphoric acid. Practical implications – The paper includes preparation of new compounds from the reaction of propoxylated amines and different organic acids and evaluates them as detergent/dispersant and antioxidants additives by using several techniques. Originality/value – This paper fulfils an identified need to prepare new compounds from the reaction of propoxylated amines and different organic acids and evaluates them as additives by using different methods. All were found to have better efficiency as compared with commercial additives.

Controlling Lubricant Acidity With an Oil Conditioning Filter

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon A. G. Watson ◽  
Victor W. Wong ◽  
Darrell Brownawell ◽  
Scott P. Lockledge
Keyword(s):  
Control Function ◽  
Lubricant Additive ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Acid Control ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Engine Wear ◽  
Aftertreatment Systems

In modern diesel engines, acidity generally determines the lubricant drain interval. To control acidity, lubricant suppliers incorporate detergent additives to neutralize acids that accumulate in the oil via exhaust blow-by and base-stock oxidation. However, formulations that meet the most recent diesel lubricant classification specifications typically contain lower levels of detergent since this additive contributes to ash that fouls emissions aftertreatment systems. This study explores a novel approach to lubricant acid control as a potential means to reduce additive requirements or increase oil drain interval. The authors investigate the performance of an innovative oil filter that releases no additives into the lubricant, yet enhances the acid control function typically performed by detergent and dispersant additives. The filter chemically conditions the crankcase oil during engine operation by sequestering acidic compounds derived from engine combustion and lubricant degradation. Long duration heavy-duty diesel engine tests show that the filter reduces both the rate of Total Base Number (TBN) decline and the rate of Total Acid Number (TAN) increase by a factor of two. Analysis by Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy also indicates that lubricant oxidation may be lowered. In addition, these results suggest a reduction in engine wear. These results imply that lower lubricant additive levels in combination with this novel oil filter may be used to reduce ash accumulation in diesel aftertreatment systems, while maintaining adequate engine protection. The results also indicate that the engine operator may use this oil filter with a state-of-the art lubricant to lengthen oil change intervals.

Improving Engine Oil Properties by Dispersion of hBN/Al2O3 Nanoparticles

2014 ◽  
Vol 607 ◽  
pp. 70-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ilman Hakimi Chua Abdullah ◽  
Mohd Fadzli bin Abdollah ◽  
Hilmi Amiruddin ◽  
Noreffendy Tamaldin ◽  
Nur Rashid Mat Nuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Oil Performance ◽  
Total Base ◽  
Sonication Technique ◽  
Lubrication Properties

This paper provides oil properties study of conventional diesel engine oil enriched with hBN/Al2O3 nanoparticles. In this study, an optimal composition (0.5 vol.%) of hBN and Al2O3 nanoparticles separately dispersed in SAE 15W40 diesel engine oil by sonication technique. The oil properties were studied by measuring the Viscosity Index (VI), Total Acid Number (TAN), Total Base Number (TBN) and flash point temperature. The results reveal that the nano-oil with hBN nanoparticles could improves or at least maintain the key lubrication properties, though the TAN value is slightly increased. The results presented here may facilitate improvements in the conventional diesel engine oil performance.

scholarly journals Rapid Fleet Condition Analysis through Correlating Basic Vehicle Tracking Data with Engine Oil FT-IR Spectra

Lubricants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
András Lajos Nagy ◽  
Adam Agocs ◽  
Bettina Ronai ◽  
Péter Raffai ◽  
Jan Rohde-Brandenburger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Total Base ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Cost Efficient

Engine oil condition and tribological performance are strongly interrelated. Accordingly, oil condition monitoring is common in various applications. This is especially important, as oil condition depends on the fueling and utilization profile of an internal combustion engine. Common practice involves the measurement of various parameters, such as the total acid number and total base number, oxidation, nitration, viscosity, and elemental composition; thus, it can be time-consuming and resource-intensive. This study provides a methodology for rapid analysis for large vehicle fleets or sample sizes, using only Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and the subsequent multivariate data analysis offers a rapid alternative to commonly available methods. The described method provides a rapid, cost-efficient, and intuitive approach to uncovering differences in the oil condition. Furthermore, understanding the underlying reasons in engine construction and the resulting chemical degradation is also possible.

scholarly journals Research on the effect of the effective microorganisms, silver solution and colloidal nanosilver addition on the engine oil acid number (TAN)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Krakowski
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Test Stand ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Colloidal Silver ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Silver Solution

In the article, acid number as a parameter characterizing engine oil were characterized. The next part of the article discusses the phenomenon of aging and degradation of engine oil. The factors that influence on this phenomenon have also been analyzed. In the further part of the article, the methodology of testing the used oil samples with the addition of effective microorganisms and silver solution was described. In the main part of the article the measuring test stand and acid number value for fresh and used oil compared to oils with the addition of microorganisms and a solution of silver and colloidal silver was shown. Next the analysis of the influence of these additives on the acid number value was made. The article was completed conclusions.

scholarly journals Experimental assessment of regenerated lube oil in spark-ignition engine for sustainable environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 168781402094045
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Syed Saqib ◽  
Syed Wasim Hassan Zubair ◽  
Muneeb Irshad ◽  
Ammar Hussain Kazmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Total Acid Number ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Engine Performance And Emissions

Lube oils are the viscous petroleum products used in automobiles to reduce the friction. The eventual fate of lube oil is either incineration or dumping off into ground, but these resources cannot be disposed off easily due to their libellous effects on environment. This article aims to study the regeneration of deteriorated oil and impact of regenerated oil on engine performance and engine emissions. The effectuality of regeneration is studied by comparing the results of the key parameters (specific gravity, viscosity, total acid number, flash point and ash contents) of regenerated oil with that of non-deteriorated and deteriorated oil. Engine performance and emissions for regenerated oil were compared with non-deteriorated and deteriorated oil. The brake power and torque increased by 4.1% and 4.6%, respectively, following the regeneration process. After re-refining of lube oil, specific gravity, flash point, kinematic viscosity, ash content and total acid number improved by 6.75%, 2.66%, 15.6%, 1.7% and 10.64%, respectively. In case of deteriorated oil, HC, NOx and CO increased by 23.6%, 42.2% and 11.8%, respectively. But after regeneration of oil, these emissions decreased as compared with deteriorated oil. It can be reasoned out that regeneration mends oil properties and has positive impact over engine performance and emissions.

scholarly journals Investigation of Used Engine Oil Lubricating Performance Through Oil Analysis and Friction and Wear Measurements

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Lajos Nagy ◽  
Jan Christopher Knaup ◽  
Ibolya Zsoldos
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Boron Content ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Total Base

Engine oil degradation during long-term engine operation is a well-researched topic, however, the effect of biofuels and synthetic compounds is not fully understood. In order to characterise novel fuel related phenomena in an engine a basis of studies should be established with state-of-the-art engines and conventional fuels and lubricants. This study aims at describing the behaviour of used engine oils throughout their service life based on friction and wear measurements with oil samples from three identical light-duty direct injection supercharged diesel engines. Oil samples were taken from each engine every 50 hours between oil changes to determine physical properties and chemical composition. Friction and wear measurements were conducted on a high-frequency reciprocating rig. The results show strong correlation between oil service life and boron content, as well as acid number and base number. A similar correlation between coefficient of friction with used samples and boron content as well as soot content was observed. A simple model based on a polynomial fitting function was proposed to predict friction and wear from boron content, total acid number and total base number.

scholarly journals Changes of properties of engine oils diluted with diesel oil under real operating conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 173 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Artur WOLAK ◽  
Grzegorz ZAJĄC ◽  
Magdalena ŻÓŁTY
Keyword(s):  
Acid Number ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Dpf Regeneration ◽  
Total Base ◽  
Regeneration Cycle ◽  
Unburned Fuel

The aim of the article was to analyze changes in the trends of selected physical, chemical and functional properties of lubricating engine oil operating in a diesel-engine vehicle equipped with DPF. The vehicle was operated mainly in urban driving conditions (app. 70%), which impeded the DPF regeneration cycle and caused dilution of oil with unburned fuel. Changes in the following physical and chemical properties were assessed: the DF level in engine oil, viscosity (kinematic, dynamic HTHS and structural CCS), total base num-ber, acid number as well as the degree of oxidation, nitration and sulphonation. The tests have shown that the amount of unburned fuel that goes to the engine crankcase due to the unfinished DPF regeneration cycle is as high as 26.0–34.6%. Dilution of the lubricating oil with fuel leads to a significant reduction of its viscosity – about 30% of the fuel content causes a decrease in the kinematic viscosity measured at 100°C to the level of 7.7 mm2/s. There was also a significant decrease in total base number (TBN) < 2 mg KOH/g, and an increase in the total acid number (TAN). Moreover, the results obtained were analyzed for potential effects that could have been caused during prolonged engine operation by assessing the content of trace elements in the samples taken.

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