scholarly journals Seasonal Analysis Comparison of Three Air-Cooling Systems in Terms of Thermal Comfort, Air Quality and Energy Consumption for School Buildings in Mediterranean Climates

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4436
Author(s):  
María Jesús Romero-Lara ◽  
Francisco Comino ◽  
Manuel Ruiz de Adana
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Climate Zones

Efficient air-cooling systems for hot climatic conditions, such as Southern Europe, are required in the context of nearly Zero Energy Buildings, nZEB. Innovative air-cooling systems such as regenerative indirect evaporative coolers, RIEC and desiccant regenerative indirect evaporative coolers, DRIEC, can be considered an interesting alternative to direct expansion air-cooling systems, DX. The main aim of the present work was to evaluate the seasonal performance of three air-cooling systems in terms of air quality, thermal comfort and energy consumption in a standard classroom. Several annual energy simulations were carried out to evaluate these indexes for four different climate zones in the Mediterranean area. The simulations were carried out with empirically validated models. The results showed that DRIEC and DX improved by 29.8% and 14.6% over RIEC regarding thermal comfort, for the warmest climatic conditions, Lampedusa and Seville. However, DX showed an energy consumption three and four times higher than DRIEC for these climatic conditions, respectively. RIEC provided the highest percentage of hours with favorable indoor air quality for all climate zones, between 46.3% and 67.5%. Therefore, the air-cooling systems DRIEC and RIEC have a significant potential to reduce energy consumption, achieving the user’s thermal comfort and improving indoor air quality.

A review on thermal comfort, indoor air quality and energy consumption in temples

2020 ◽  
pp. 102013
Author(s):  
Ahmet Yüksel ◽  
Müslüm Arıcı ◽  
Michal Krajčík ◽  
Mihriban Civan ◽  
Hasan Karabay
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air

scholarly journals Seasonal Performance Analysis of Three Air Cooling Systems for School Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
María Jesús Romero-Lara ◽  
Francisco Comino ◽  
Manuel Ruiz de Adana
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Direct Expansion ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Seasonal Performance ◽  
Evaporative Cooler ◽  
Conventional Systems

Efficient air cooling systems for hot climatic conditions, such as southern Europe, are required. Regenerative indirect evaporative cooler (RIEC) and desiccant regenerative indirect evaporative cooler (DRIEC) could be interesting alternatives to direct expansion conventional systems (DX). The main objective of this work was to evaluate the seasonal performance of three air cooling systems in terms of thermal comfort, ventilation and energy consumption. DRIEC was the recommended system to serve a standard classroom in terms of thermal comfort and RIEC in terms of ventilation and energy consumption.

scholarly journals Studies on the Need to Monitor IAQ Indicators in the Production Hall with Microclimate with Heat Release - Study on Companies from Mures County

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Mihaela Bucur
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Release Study

AbstractHundreds of millions of people around the world spend almost a third of their day at work. Many of them are dissatisfied with the climatic conditions in which they work, being exposed to various risks of heat or cold. The most common reasons for dissatisfaction are elements related to IAQ (Indoor Air Quality), in other words, thermal comfort and air quality inside the buildings. Thus, the assessment of the microclimate in the workplace is very important, and the IAQ indicators play a decisive role in the mental and physical capabilities. This writting wants to identify for the area of Mures county how many of the managers of the production halls with microclimate with heat release, where the workers are exposed to stress because of the heat, are aware of these elements and give them the proper importance.

scholarly journals Indoor Air Quality Assessment: Comparison of Ventilation Scenarios for Retrofitting Classrooms in a Hot Climate

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen María Calama-González ◽  
Ángel Luis León-Rodríguez ◽  
Rafael Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Energy Efficiency Policies

Current energy efficiency policies in buildings foster the promotion of energy retrofitting of the existing stock. In southern Spain, the most extensive public sector is that of educational buildings, which is especially subject to significant internal loads due to high occupancy. A large fraction of the energy retrofit strategies conducted to date have focused on energy aspects and indoor thermal comfort, repeatedly disregarding indoor air quality criteria. This research assesses indoor air quality in a school located in the Mediterranean area, with the objective of promoting different ventilation scenarios, based on occupancy patterns and carbon dioxide levels monitored on site. Results show that manual ventilation cannot guarantee minimum indoor quality levels following current standards. A constant ventilation based on CO2 levels allows 15% more thermal comfort hours a year to be reached, compared to CO2-based optimized demand-controlled ventilation. Nevertheless, the latter ensures 35% annual energy savings, compared to a constant CO2-based ventilation, and 37% more annual energy savings over that of a constant ventilation rate of outdoor air per person.

scholarly journals Interaction between Thermal Comfort, Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation Energy Consumption of Educational Buildings: A Comprehensive Review

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 591
Author(s):  
Lin-Rui Jia ◽  
Jie Han ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Qing-Yun Li ◽  
Chi-Chung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Educational Buildings

Thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ) of educational buildings can affect students’ academic performance and well-being and are closely related to ventilation energy consumption. Demands of the indoor environmental quality within the classroom generally vary with the education levels and result in ventilation energy consumption accounting for a considerable proportion of the total energy use in bulk educational buildings. Its huge energy-saving potential is attracting worldwide attention from scholars and governments. Therefore, appropriate operation strategies of ventilation systems should be adopted to effectively reduce energy consumption without sacrificing thermal comfort and IAQ. However, the absence of relevant standards and guidelines for designing a quality classroom environment considering the special features of educational buildings remains an important research question. This study conducts a comprehensive review to determine research gaps and identify future directions for the interaction between thermal comfort, IAQ and ventilation energy consumption for educational buildings. The review results show that: (1) The thermal comfort prediction model should consider the influences of genders, ages and socioeconomic backgrounds; (2) The mixed-mode ventilation coupling the natural and mechanical approaches is preferred given its advantage of lower energy consumption and improved thermal comfort, but its control strategies need further exploration; (3) Optimizing passive design parameters of buildings (e.g., window to wall ratios, window orientations and sun shading installations) can significantly reduce the ventilation demands while maintaining indoor thermal comfort; (4) More studies are required for investigating thermal comfort in educational buildings during the heating period; and (5) IAQ of university buildings clearly requires further studies, especially on bacterial and fungal aerosol pollutants, for a more comprehensive assessment of the built environment.

scholarly journals Energy Modelling and Indoor Air Quality Analysis of Cooling Systems for Buildings in Hot Climates

Fluids ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohaib Shaikh ◽  
Hassam Nasarullah Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Energy Modelling

Energy consumption due to cooling and ventilation of buildings has grown significantly within the last two decades, and therefore advancement in cooling technologies has become imperative to maximise energy savings. This work numerically investigates the performance of vapour-compression unitary and centralised cooling systems for high rise buildings using an office case-study in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Energy modelling, thermal comfort and indoor air quality analyses have been carried out using the Integrated Environmental Simulation Virtual Environment (IES-VE). Using the benchmark system based on fan-coil units, the findings have indicated that attaching a Variable Speed Drive (VSD) fan can reduce the overall energy consumption of the building by 8%, with 20% reduction in the cooling loads. The unitary cooling system operating on variable refrigerant flow principle achieved an energy reduction of approximately 30%; however, this system is not recommended in high-rise buildings as the CO2 concentration obtained is in excess of 3000 ppm, which is considerably higher than ASHRAE standards. It is essential for buildings running in hot climates to incorporate hybrid cooling techniques to relieve the load on conventional active cooling systems.

scholarly journals Definition of Optimal Ventilation Rates for Balancing Comfort and Energy Use in Indoor Spaces Using CO2 Concentration Data

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Franco ◽  
Eva Schito
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Ventilation Rates

Air ventilation rate plays a relevant role in maintaining adequate indoor air quality (IAQ) conditions in public buildings. In general, high ventilation rates ensure good indoor air quality but entail relevant energy consumption. Considering the necessity of balancing IAQ and energy consumption, a correlation between the number of occupants obtained from analysis of CO2 concentration variation is presented as a general element for controlling the operation of heating ventilation and air cooling (HVAC) systems. The specific CO2 exhalation rate is estimated using experimental data in some real conditions in university classrooms. A method for the definition of optimal values of air exchange rate is defined, highlighting that the obtained values are much lower than those defined in current technical standards with possibilities of relevant reduction of the total energy consumption.

Effects of Partition on Thermal Comfort, Indoor Air Quality, Energy Consumption, and Perception in Air-Conditioned Buildings

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradip Aryal ◽  
Thananchai Leephakpreeda
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Cfd Analysis

This research is to assess effects of a partition on thermal comfort, indoor air quality (IAQ), energy consumption, and perception in an air-conditioned space via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The variables of indoor air are numerically determined before/after installation/removal of a partition. Accordingly, predicted mean vote (PMV) of thermal comfort, carbon dioxide concentration, rate of energy consumption in making up air, and an overall perception index are proposed to quantify effects in a partitioned space. For a case study, a partition is used to tightly separate a study area from a rest area in a library during peak time. The CFD analysis is performed so that the mean differences between the measured and simulated variables at 14 locations are less than 5%. After partitioning in the CFD analysis, it is found that the average PMV value decreases to −1.4 in the rest area, and it remains at −0.7 in the study area where occupants perceive a slightly cool sensation. In the study area, the carbon dioxide concentration increases to 450–500 ppm, while the rate of energy consumption increases by 8.3%. From the overall perception index of 0.9, the occupants feel spacious in the partitioned areas. Therefore, installing the partition is encouraged with the recommendation that cooling supply can be reduced for energy savings. It is apparent that the proposed methodology yields quantitative indicators for decision making of installation/removal of partitions. The interior investigation of partitions in buildings can be performed before making real physical changes.

scholarly journals Effects of Climatic Conditions, Season and Environmental Factors on CO2 Concentrations in Naturally Ventilated Primary Schools in Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4139
Author(s):  
Muriel Diaz ◽  
Mario Cools ◽  
Maureen Trebilcock ◽  
Beatriz Piderit-Moreno ◽  
Shady Attia
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

Between the ages of 6 and 18, children spend between 30 and 42 h a week at school, mostly indoors, where indoor environmental quality is usually deficient and does not favor learning. The difficulty of delivering indoor air quality (IAQ) in learning facilities is related to high occupancy rates and low interaction levels with windows. In non-industrialized countries, as in the cases presented, most classrooms have no mechanical ventilation, due to energy poverty and lack of normative requirements. This fact heavily impacts the indoor air quality and students’ learning outcomes. The aim of the paper is to identify the factors that determine acceptable CO2 concentrations. Therefore, it studies air quality in free-running and naturally ventilated primary schools in Chile, aiming to identify the impact of contextual, occupant, and building design factors, using CO2 concentration as a proxy for IAQ. The monitoring of CO2, temperature, and humidity revealed that indoor air CO2 concentration is above 1400 ppm most of the time, with peaks of 5000 ppm during the day, especially in winter. The statistical analysis indicates that CO2 is dependent on climate, seasonality, and indoor temperature, while it is independent of outside temperature in heated classrooms. The odds of having acceptable concentrations of CO2 are bigger when indoor temperatures are high, and there is a need to ventilate for cooling.

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