scholarly journals Combining Sufficiency, Efficiency and Flexibility to Achieve Positive Energy Districts Targets

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Erba ◽  
Lorenzo Pagliano
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Positive Energy Balance ◽  
Urban Level

Energy efficiency, generation from renewable sources and more recently energy flexibility are key elements of present sustainability policies. However, we are beginning to see a recognition of the need to couple technological solutions with lifestyle and behavioral changes, sometimes labeled under the term “sufficiency”. Appropriate policies and design principles are necessary to enable sufficiency options, which in turn reveal that there is a bidirectional influence between the building and the district/city level. In this context, the authors discuss how city and building re-design should be implemented combining energy efficiency, flexibility, production from renewables and sufficiency options for achieving a positive energy balance at the district level even within the constraints of dense cities. Based on a review of recent advances, the paper provides a matrix of interactions between building and district design for use by building designers and city planners. It also compares possible scenarios implementing different strategies at the building and urban level in a case study, in order to evaluate the effect of the proposed integrated approach on the energy balance at yearly and seasonal time scales and on land take.

scholarly journals The Methodology for Designing Residential Buildings with a Positive Energy Balance—Case Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 5162
Author(s):  
Bartosz Radomski ◽  
Tomasz Mróz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Balance Case ◽  
Adopted Model ◽  
Positive Energy Balance ◽  
Technical Solutions

The article presents the results of the application of an original methodology for designing residential buildings with a positive energy balance in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. The methodology was verified using a computational example involving the selection of a compromise solution for a single-family residential building with a positive energy balance located in Warsaw, Poland. Three different models of decision-makers’ preferences were created, taking into account selected decision sub-criteria. Three technical solutions were identified, permissible according to the principles and guidelines for designing buildings with a positive energy balance. As a result of the performed calculations, the final order of the analyzed variants was obtained, from the most preferred to the least accepted solution. Variant 2 is definitely the most advantageous solution, being the best in a group of 20 to 26 evaluation sub-criteria—depending on the adopted model of the decision-maker’s preferences. Its ranking index Ri ranged from 0.773 to 0.764, while for the other variants it was much lower and varied from 0.258 to 0.268 for variant 1, and from 0.208 to 0.226 for variant 3. The methodology used for the case study proved to be applicable. The developed methodology facilitates the process of designing residential buildings with a positive energy balance, which is an extremely complex process.

scholarly journals The effect of breakfast on appetite regulation, energy balance and exercise performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Clayton ◽  
Lewis J. James
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Energy Balance ◽  
The Impact

The belief that breakfast is the most important meal of day has been derived from cross-sectional studies that have associated breakfast consumption with a lower BMI. This suggests that breakfast omission either leads to an increase in energy intake or a reduction in energy expenditure over the remainder of the day, resulting in a state of positive energy balance. However, observational studies do not imply causality. A number of intervention studies have been conducted, enabling more precise determination of breakfast manipulation on indices of energy balance. This review will examine the results from these studies in adults, attempting to identify causal links between breakfast and energy balance, as well as determining whether consumption of breakfast influences exercise performance. Despite the associations in the literature, intervention studies have generally found a reduction in total daily energy intake when breakfast is omitted from the daily meal pattern. Moreover, whilst consumption of breakfast supresses appetite during the morning, this effect appears to be transient as the first meal consumed after breakfast seems to offset appetite to a similar extent, independent of breakfast. Whether breakfast affects energy expenditure is less clear. Whilst breakfast does not seem to affect basal metabolism, breakfast omission may reduce free-living physical activity and endurance exercise performance throughout the day. In conclusion, the available research suggests breakfast omission may influence energy expenditure more strongly than energy intake. Longer term intervention studies are required to confirm this relationship, and determine the impact of these variables on weight management.

Weight Dysregulation, Positive Energy Balance, and Binge Eating in Eating Disorders

Binge Eating ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Lowe ◽  
Leora L. Haller ◽  
Simar Singh ◽  
Joanna Y. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Positive Energy Balance

scholarly journals Energy Balance in Wastewater Systems with Energy Recovery: A Portuguese Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Catarina Jorge ◽  
Maria do Céu Almeida ◽  
Dídia Covas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Total Input ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
Regional Reference

This paper presents and discusses the application of a novel energy balance scheme for assessing energy efficiency in wastewater systems. The energy balance is demonstrated with a Portuguese real-life case study, using mathematical modelling to estimate the different energy components and to compute two energy efficiency indices. The total inflow intrinsic energy can represent a significant amount (>95%) of the total energy used in systems mainly composed of gravity sewers. The total input energy is significantly (four-times) higher in the wet season than in the dry season, mostly due to undue inflows (e.g., direct rainfall and infiltration). The potential for energy recovery strongly depends on the available head and flow rate at the delivery point, being 0.01 kWh/m3 in the current case, with a project payback period of 4 years. The energy balance components and the respective energy efficiency indices strongly depend on the considered reference elevation. Thus, a unique regional reference elevation is recommended in the calculations.

scholarly journals Murine neuronatin deficiency is associated with a hypervariable food intake and bimodal obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Cimino ◽  
Debra Rimmington ◽  
Y. C. Loraine Tung ◽  
Katherine Lawler ◽  
Pierre Larraufie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Chromatin Regulator ◽  
Positive Energy Balance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Deficient Mice

AbstractNeuronatin (Nnat) has previously been reported to be part of a network of imprinted genes downstream of the chromatin regulator Trim28. Disruption of Trim28 or of members of this network, including neuronatin, results in an unusual phenotype of a bimodal body weight. To better characterise this variability, we examined the key contributors to energy balance in Nnat+/−p mice that carry a paternal null allele and do not express Nnat. Consistent with our previous studies, Nnat deficient mice on chow diet displayed a bimodal body weight phenotype with more than 30% of Nnat+/−p mice developing obesity. In response to both a 45% high fat diet and exposure to thermoneutrality (30 °C) Nnat deficient mice maintained the hypervariable body weight phenotype. Within a calorimetry system, food intake in Nnat+/−p mice was hypervariable, with some mice consuming more than twice the intake seen in wild type littermates. A hyperphagic response was also seen in Nnat+/−p mice in a second, non-home cage environment. An expected correlation between body weight and energy expenditure was seen, but corrections for the effects of positive energy balance and body weight greatly diminished the effect of neuronatin deficiency on energy expenditure. Male and female Nnat+/−p mice displayed subtle distinctions in the degree of variance body weight phenotype and food intake and further sexual dimorphism was reflected in different patterns of hypothalamic gene expression in Nnat+/−p mice. Loss of the imprinted gene Nnat is associated with a highly variable food intake, with the impact of this phenotype varying between genetically identical individuals.

scholarly journals Energy Balance Calculation with Life Cycle Assessment for Production of Palm Biodiesel in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 10005
Author(s):  
Yoyon Wahyono ◽  
H. Hadiyanto ◽  
Mochamad Arief Budihardjo ◽  
Widayat
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Balance Analysis ◽  
Positive Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Balance Analysis ◽  
Energy Surplus

Energy balance analysis study for the production process of biodiesel needs to be done to find out whether a production process of biodiesel activity has a surplus energy or minus energy. This study aims to analyse the balance of energy of the plantation of palm, production of palm oil, and production process units of biodiesel with the life cycle assessment in Banyuasin - Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that the largest energy input in the plantation of palm, production of palm oil, and production process units of biodiesel sequentially is the use of urea as N-fertilizer, electricity, and methanol. The value of NEB and NER in the production process of palm biodiesel sequentially is 5871 MJ and 1.17. Finally, the production process of palm biodiesel in Banyuasin area has a positive energy balance. The activity of production of palm biodiesel is proper to operate because it produces an energy surplus.

Dehydration of Ethanol: New Approach Gives Positive Energy Balance

Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 205 (4409) ◽  
pp. 898-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. LADISCH ◽  
K. DYCK
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Positive Energy Balance

scholarly journals Breakfast and exercise contingently affect postprandial metabolism and energy balance in physically active males

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier T. Gonzalez ◽  
Rachel C. Veasey ◽  
Penny L. S. Rumbold ◽  
Emma J. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Postprandial Metabolism ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Breakfast Consumption ◽  
Positive Energy Balance ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Test Drink

The present study examined the impact of breakfast and exercise on postprandial metabolism, appetite and macronutrient balance. A sample of twelve (blood variables n 11) physically active males completed four trials in a randomised, crossover design comprising a continued overnight fast followed by: (1) rest without breakfast (FR); (2) exercise without breakfast (FE); (3) breakfast consumption (1859 kJ) followed by rest (BR); (4) breakfast consumption followed by exercise (BE). Exercise was continuous, moderate-intensity running (expending approximately 2·9 MJ of energy). The equivalent time was spent sitting during resting trials. A test drink (1500 kJ) was ingested on all trials followed 90 min later by an ad libitum lunch. The difference between the BR and FR trials in blood glucose time-averaged AUC following test drink consumption approached significance (BR: 4·33 (sem 0·14) v. FR: 4·75 (sem 0·16) mmol/l; P= 0·08); but it was not different between FR and FE (FE: 4·77 (sem 0·14) mmol/l; P= 0·65); and was greater in BE (BE: 4·97 (sem 0·13) mmol/l) v. BR (P= 0·012). Appetite following the test drink was reduced in BR v. FR (P= 0·006) and in BE v. FE (P= 0·029). Following lunch, the most positive energy balance was observed in BR and least positive in FE. Regardless of breakfast, acute exercise produced a less positive energy balance following ad libitum lunch consumption. Energy and fat balance is further reduced with breakfast omission. Breakfast improved the overall appetite responses to foods consumed later in the day, but abrogated the appetite-suppressive effect of exercise.

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