scholarly journals Experimental Characterization of an Alkaline Electrolyser and a Compression System for Hydrogen Production and Storage

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Pietra ◽  
Marco Gianni ◽  
Nicola Zuliani ◽  
Stefano Malabotti ◽  
Rodolfo Taccani
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Experimental Plant ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
And Storage

Storing renewable energy in chemicals, like hydrogen, can bring various benefits like high energy density, seasonal storability, possible cost reduction of the final product, and the potential to let renewable power penetrate other markets and to overcome their intermittent availability. In the last year’s production of this gas from renewable energy sources via electrolysis has grown its reputation as one feasible solution to satisfy future zero-emission energy demand. To extend the exploitation of Renewable Energy Source (RES), small-scale conversion plants seem to be an interesting option. In view of a possible widespread adoption of these types of plants, the authors intend to present the experimental characterization of a small-scale hydrogen production and storage plant. The considered experimental plant is based on an alkaline electrolyser and an air-driven hydrogen compression and storage system. The results show that the hydrogen production-specific consumption is, on average, 77 kWh/kgH2. The hydrogen compressor energy requirement is, on average, 15 kWh/kgH2 (data referred to the driving compressed air). The value is higher than data found in literature (4.4–9.3 kWh/kgH2), but the difference can be attributed to the small size of the considered compressor and the choice to limit the compression stages.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Cost of Solar Biomass Hybrid Dryer Systems for Cashew Drying of Nuts in India

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saravanan Dhanushkodi ◽  
Vincent H. Wilson ◽  
Kumarasamy Sudhakar
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Cashew nut farming in India is mostly carried out in small and marginal holdings. Energy consumption in the small scale cashew nut processing industry is very high and is mainly due to the high energy consumption of the drying process. The drying operation provides a lot of scope for energy saving and substitutions of other renewable energy sources. Renewable energy-based drying systems with loading capacity of 40 kg were proposed for application in small scale cashew nut processing industries. The main objective of this work is to perform economic feasibility of substituting solar, biomass and hybrid dryer in place of conventional steam drying for cashew drying. Four economic indicators were used to assess the feasibility of three renewable based drying technologies. The payback time was 1.58 yr. for solar, 1.32 for biomass and 1.99 for the hybrid drying system, whereas as the cost-benefit estimates were 5.23 for solar, 4.15 for biomass and 3.32 for the hybrid system. It was found that it is of paramount importance to develop solar biomass hybrid dryer for small scale processing industries.

The U.S. Department of Energy’s Research and Development Portfolio of Hydrogen Production Technologies

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxanne Garland ◽  
Sara Dillich ◽  
Eric Miller ◽  
Kristine Babick ◽  
Kenneth Weil
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Production Technologies

The goal of the US Department of Energy (DOE) hydrogen production portfolio is to research and develop low-cost, highly efficient and environmentally friendly production technologies based on diverse, domestic resources. The DOE Hydrogen Program integrates basic and applied research, as well as technology development and demonstration, to adequately address a diverse range of technologies and feedstocks. The program encompasses a broad spectrum of coordinated activities within the DOE Offices of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Nuclear Energy (NE), Fossil Energy (FE), and Science (SC). Hydrogen can be produced in small, medium, and larger scale facilities, with small-scale distributed facilities producing from 100 to 1,500 kilograms (kg) of hydrogen per day at fueling stations, and medium-scale (also known as semi-central or city-gate) facilities producing from 1,500 to 50,000 kg per day on the outskirts of cities. The largest central facilities would produce more than 50,000 kg of hydrogen per day. Specific technologies currently under program development for distributed hydrogen production include bio-derived renewable liquids and water electrolysis. Centralized renewable production pathways under development include water electrolysis integrated with renewable power (e.g., wind, solar, hydroelectric, or geothermal), biomass gasification, solar-driven high-temperature thermochemical water splitting, direct photoelectrochemical water splitting, and biological production methods using algal/bacterial processes. To facilitate commercialization of hydrogen production via these various technology pathways in the near and long terms, a “Hydrogen Production Roadmap” has been developed which identifies the key challenges and high-priority research and development needs associated with each technology. The aim is to foster research that will lead to hydrogen production with near-zero net greenhouse gas emissions, using renewable energy sources, nuclear energy, and/or coal (with carbon capture and storage). This paper describes the research and development needs and activities by various DOE offices to address the key challenges in the portfolio of hydrogen production technologies.

scholarly journals Optimized design and simulation of a hybrid storage system based on hydrogen as an energy carrier

2022 ◽  
Vol 334 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Maria Alessandra Ancona ◽  
Michele Bianchi ◽  
Lisa Branchini ◽  
Francesco Catena ◽  
Andrea De Pascale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
And Storage

The integration of renewable energy sources into the electricity system can contribute to the development of a low-carbon economy. However, due to the intermittency and non-programmability of these sources, problems related to the management of local electricity grids may occur. A possible solution or limitation to these issues is given by the electrical storage. In addition, in the next future, domestic micro-grids are expected to play a fundamental role in electric power networks, driving both the academic and industrial research interests in developing highly efficient and reliable conversion and storage technologies. In this study, the behavior of a small-scale hybrid energy system for hydrogen production and storage has been predicted, by means of a developed calculation model, and the operational strategy of the system has been optimized with the aim to maximize the hydrogen production. In addition, with the aim to maximize the overall solar-to-hydrogen chain efficiency, the whole system model has been applied to different operating scenarios, to identify the optimal management strategy to control it.

scholarly journals Experimental characterization of railgun-driven supersonic plasma jets motivated by high energy density physics applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 123514 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Hsu ◽  
E. C. Merritt ◽  
A. L. Moser ◽  
T. J. Awe ◽  
S. J. E. Brockington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Plasma Jets ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
High Energy Density Physics ◽  
Supersonic Plasma

scholarly journals Improvement of Hydrogen Production during Anaerobic Fermentation of Food Waste Leachate by Enriched Bacterial Culture Using Biochar as an Additive

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2438
Author(s):  
Van Hong Thi Pham ◽  
Jaisoo Kim ◽  
Soonwoong Chang ◽  
Woojin Chung
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Food Waste Leachate ◽  
Waste Leachate

It has become urgent to develop cost-effective and clean technologies for the rapid and efficient treatment of food waste leachate, caused by the rapid accumulation of food waste volume. Moreover, to face the energy crisis, and to avoid dependence on non-renewable energy sources, the investigation of new sustainable and renewable energy sources from organic waste to energy conversion is an attractive option. Green energy biohydrogen production from food waste leachate, using a microbial pathway, is one of the most efficient technologies, due to its eco-friendly nature and high energy yield. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the ability of an enriched bacterial mixture, isolated from forest soil, to enhance hydrogen production from food waste leachate using biochar. A lab-scale analysis was conducted at 35 °C and at different pH values (4, no adjustment, 6, 6.5, 7, and 7.5) over a period of 15 days. The sample with the enriched bacterial mixture supplemented with an optimum of 10 g/L of biochar showed the highest performance, with a maximum hydrogen yield of 1620 mL/day on day three. The total solid and volatile solid removal rates were 78.5% and 75% after 15 days, respectively. Acetic and butyrate acids were the dominant volatile fatty acids produced during the process, as favorable metabolic pathways for accelerating hydrogen production.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in WS2 and Its Based Heterostructures for Water-Splitting Applications

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1283
Author(s):  
Zeineb Thiehmed ◽  
Abdul Shakoor ◽  
Talal Altahtamouni
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Photocatalytic Water Splitting ◽  
Prime Concern

The energy from fossil fuels has been recognized as a main factor of global warming and environmental pollution. Therefore, there is an urgent need to replace fossil fuels with clean, cost-effective, long-lasting, and environmentally friendly fuel to solve the future energy crisis of the world. Therefore, the development of clean, sustainable, and renewable energy sources is a prime concern. In this regard, solar energy-driven hydrogen production is considered as an overriding opening for renewable and green energy by virtue of its high energy efficiency, high energy density, and non-toxicity along with zero emissions. Water splitting is a promising technology for producing hydrogen, which represents a potentially and environmentally clean fuel. Water splitting is a widely known process for hydrogen production using different techniques and materials. Among different techniques of water splitting, electrocatalytic and photocatalytic water splitting using semiconductor materials have been considered as the most scalable and cost-effective approaches for the commercial production of sustainable hydrogen. In order to achieve a high yield of hydrogen from these processes, obtaining a suitable, efficient, and stable catalyst is a significant factor. Among the different types of semiconductor catalysts, tungsten disulfide (WS2) has been widely utilized as a catalytic active material for the water-splitting process, owing to its layered 2D structure and its interesting chemical, physical, and structural properties. However, WS2 suffers from some disadvantages that limit its performance in catalytic water splitting. Among the various techniques and strategies that have been constructed to overcome the limitations of WS2 is heterostructure construction. In this process, WS2 is coupled with another semiconducting material in order to facilitate the charge transfer and prevent the charge recombination, which will enhance the catalytic performance. This review aims to summarize the recent studies and findings on WS2 and its heterostructures as a catalyst in the electrocatalytic and photocatalytic water-splitting processes.

scholarly journals A Scoping Review of Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4490
Author(s):  
Svitlana Kolosok ◽  
Yuriy Bilan ◽  
Tetiana Vasylieva ◽  
Adam Wojciechowski ◽  
Michał Morawski
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Science Methods ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Energy Sustainability ◽  
Efficiency And Reliability

The article aims to identify the latest trends in research on renewable energy, sustainability and the environment. A total of 92,873 publications from 123 Scopus sources for 2020–2021 are compared using the scoping review method. The results show that the most cited works in this sample are those by authors from the Asian region. The research of these authors focuses on the security, efficiency and reliability of separate elements in energy systems. Besides, the paper considers the problems regarding COVID disease along with the renewable energy sources, perovskite and organic solar panels, nanostructured materials and high energy density. Finally, the paper analyses applications of computer science methods in research on renewable energy, sustainability and the environment. The findings evidently show that recent advancements in computer science methods were not extensively used in the discussed research domain and give a great room for novel strategies of prognosing, simulation and processes optimisation.

TRANSFORMATION OF HIGH-DENSITY GREEN ENERGY WITH SIMULTANEOUS DECONTAMINATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luboslav Straka ◽  
Tibor Krenicky
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Amaranthus Caudatus ◽  
Valuable Source

In recent years, there has been an increased emphasis worldwide on the quality of the environment, especially with an orientation towards the application of renewable energy sources. In addition, we are increasingly encountering experimentation aimed at obtaining new green energy sources. One of such sources is biomass. Biomass has been used since the middle ages as a source of heat and light energy. Today, however, we have technologies that allow us to obtain not only heat but also electricity from biomass, or to convert biomass into materials with high energy density and purity. The energy thus transformed can then be used, for example, as a propellant. At the same time, this valuable source of clean energy can be easily transported to the place of consumption. By applying biomass as a source of green energy, we can make a significant contribution to relieving the environment from harmful effects. In recent years, an increased interest in energy obtained from biomass can be observed in Slovakia. Its technical potential is the greatest among other renewable energy sources, and its non-use would essentially be wastage. Therefore, the aim of the paper was to describe two possibilities of transformation of biomass in the form of its energy recovery into the type of energy used for the production of mechanical, thermal and electrical energy. At the same time, in addition to obtaining a suitable form of energy from biomass, another environmental benefit was sought in the form of soil decontamination. In this regard, there is an energetically important crop, which is known under the Latin name Amaranthus caudatus. It is an energy crop that can be grown on slightly contaminated soil with some restrictions. Two methods of energy recovery of this crop were compared. In the first case it was its compaction into briquettes, in the second case it was a process of anaerobic fermentation with subsequent production of biogas. Based on the performed analysis, it was found that these are almost equivalent energy sources. Although both methods of transformation and energy recovery of the green part of Amaranthus caudatus crops have a number of advantages and disadvantages, it can be clearly stated that the positives significantly outweigh the negatives. Therefore, it is recommended to apply this crop as a valuable source of energy for use in real conditions.

Renewable Energy on Tribal Lands: A Feasibility Study for a Biomass-to-Energy Plant on the Cocopah Reservation in Arizona

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lauren K. D’Souza ◽  
William L. Ascher ◽  
Tanja Srebotnjak
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Energy Plant ◽  
Energy Projects ◽  
Alternative Investment

Native American reservations are among the most economically disadvantaged regions in the United States; lacking access to economic and educational opportunities that are exacerbated by “energy insecurity” due to insufficient connectivity to the electric grid and power outages. Local renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, and biomass offer energy alternatives but their implementation encounters barriers such as lack of financing, infrastructure, and expertise, as well as divergent attitudes among tribal leaders. Biomass, in particular, could be a source of stable base-load power that is abundant and scalable in many rural communities. This case study examines the feasibility of a biomass energy plant on the Cocopah reservation in southwestern Arizona. It considers feedstock availability, cost and energy content, technology options, nameplate capacity, discount and interest rates, construction, operation and maintenance (O&M) costs, and alternative investment options. This study finds that at current electricity prices and based on typical costs for fuel, O&M over 30 years, none of the tested scenarios is presently cost-effective on a net present value (NPV) basis when compared with an alternative investment yielding annual returns of 3% or higher. The technology most likely to be economically viable and suitable for remote, rural contexts—a combustion stoker—resulted in a levelized costs of energy (LCOE) ranging from US$0.056 to 0.147/kWh. The most favorable scenario is a combustion stoker with an estimated NPV of US$4,791,243. The NPV of the corresponding alternative investment is US$7,123,380. However, if the tribes were able to secure a zero-interest loan to finance the plant’s installation cost, the project would be on par with the alternative investment. Even if this were the case, the scenario still relies on some of the most optimistic assumptions for the biomass-to-power plant and excludes abatement costs for air emissions. The study thus concludes that at present small-scale, biomass-to-energy projects require a mix of favorable market and local conditions as well as appropriate policy support to make biomass energy projects a cost-competitive source of stable, alternative energy for remote rural tribal communities that can provide greater tribal sovereignty and economic opportunities.

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