scholarly journals Quantum Arithmetic for Directly Embedded Arrays

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Alberto Manzano ◽  
Daniele Musso ◽  
Álvaro Leitao ◽  
Andrés Gómez ◽  
Carlos Vázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Extraction ◽  
Quantum Algorithms ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Quantitative Finance ◽  
Square Roots ◽  
Quantum Operations ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
Quantum Arithmetic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Quantum Parallelism

We describe a general-purpose framework to implement quantum algorithms relying upon an efficient handling of arrays. The cornerstone of the framework is the direct embedding of information into quantum amplitudes, thus avoiding hampering square roots. We discuss the entire pipeline, from data loading to information extraction. Particular attention is devoted to the definition of an efficient toolkit of basic quantum operations on arrays. We comment on strong and weak points of the proposed quantum manipulations, especially in relation to an effective exploitation of quantum parallelism. We describe in detail some general-purpose routines as well as their embedding in full algorithms. Their efficiency is critically discussed both locally, at the level of the routine, and globally, at the level of the full algorithm. Finally, we comment on some applications in the quantitative finance domain.

Web Information Extraction via Web Views

2004 ◽  
pp. 227-267
Author(s):  
Wee Keong Ng ◽  
Zehua Liu ◽  
Zhao Li ◽  
Ee Peng Lim
Keyword(s):  
Information Extraction ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Web Information Extraction ◽  
Web Information ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Web

With the explosion of information on the Web, traditional ways of browsing and keyword searching of information over web pages no longer satisfy the demanding needs of web surfers. Web information extraction has emerged as an important research area that aims to automatically extract information from target web pages and convert them into a structured format for further processing. The main issues involved in the extraction process include: (1) the definition of a suitable extraction language; (2) the definition of a data model representing the web information source; (3) the generation of the data model, given a target source; and (4) the extraction and presentation of information according to a given data model. In this chapter, we discuss the challenges of these issues and the approaches that current research activities have taken to revolve these issues. We propose several classification schemes to classify existing approaches of information extraction from different perspectives. Among the existing works, we focus on the Wiccap system — a software system that enables ordinary end-users to obtain information of interest in a simple and efficient manner by constructing personalized web views of information sources.

scholarly journals SBML2Modelica: integrating biochemical models within open-standard simulation ecosystems

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 2165-2172 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Maggioli ◽  
T Mancini ◽  
E Tronci
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Heterogeneous Model ◽  
Simulation Languages ◽  
Experimental Campaign ◽  
Heterogeneous Models ◽  
Open Standard ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Model Networks ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Motivation SBML is the most widespread language for the definition of biochemical models. Although dozens of SBML simulators are available, there is a general lack of support to the integration of SBML models within open-standard general-purpose simulation ecosystems. This hinders co-simulation and integration of SBML models within larger model networks, in order to, e.g. enable in silico clinical trials of drugs, pharmacological protocols, or engineering artefacts such as biomedical devices against Virtual Physiological Human models. Modelica is one of the most popular existing open-standard general-purpose simulation languages, supported by many simulators. Modelica models are especially suited for the definition of complex networks of heterogeneous models from virtually all application domains. Models written in Modelica (and in 100+ other languages) can be readily exported into black-box Functional Mock-Up Units (FMUs), and seamlessly co-simulated and integrated into larger model networks within open-standard language-independent simulation ecosystems. Results In order to enable SBML model integration within heterogeneous model networks, we present SBML2Modelica, a software system translating SBML models into well-structured, user-intelligible, easily modifiable Modelica models. SBML2Modelica is SBML Level 3 Version 2—compliant and succeeds on 96.47% of the SBML Test Suite Core (with a few rare, intricate and easily avoidable combinations of constructs unsupported and cleanly signalled to the user). Our experimental campaign on 613 models from the BioModels database (with up to 5438 variables) shows that the major open-source (general-purpose) Modelica and FMU simulators achieve performance comparable to state-of-the-art specialized SBML simulators. Availability and implementation SBML2Modelica is written in Java and is freely available for non-commercial use at https://bitbucket.org/mclab/sbml2modelica.

A portable method for acquiring information extraction patterns without annotated corpora

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
NEUS CATALÀ ◽  
NÚRIA CASTELL ◽  
MARIO MARTÍN
Keyword(s):  
Information Extraction ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Lexical Knowledge ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Automatic Acquisition

The main issue when building Information Extraction (IE) systems is how to obtain the knowledge needed to identify relevant information in a document. Most approaches require expert human intervention in many steps of the acquisition process. In this paper we describe ESSENCE, a new method for acquiring IE patterns that significantly reduces the need for human intervention. The method is based on ELA, a specifically designed learning algorithm for acquiring IE patterns without tagged examples. The distinctive features of ESSENCE and ELA are that (1) they permit the automatic acquisition of IE patterns from unrestricted and untagged text representative of the domain, due to (2) their ability to identify regularities around semantically relevant concept-words for the IE task by (3) using non-domain-specific lexical knowledge tools such as WordNet, and (4) restricting the human intervention to defining the task, and validating and typifying the set of IE patterns obtained. Since ESSENCE does not require a corpus annotated with the type of information to be extracted and it uses a general purpose ontology and widely applied syntactic tools, it reduces the expert effort required to build an IE system and therefore also reduces the effort of porting the method to any domain. The results of the application of ESSENCE to the acquisition of IE patterns in an MUC-like task are shown.

scholarly journals General principles of the design of all-purpose computing machines

1948 ◽  
Vol 195 (1042) ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Purpose ◽  
Algebraic Equations ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Universal Machine ◽  
Linear Algebraic Equations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Clear Idea ◽  
Computing Machines ◽  
Limitation Of Size ◽  
Made In

Professor Hartree in his paper has recalled that all the essential ideas of the general-purpose calculating machines now being made are to be found in Babbage’s plans for his analytical engine. In modern times the idea of a universal calculating machine was independently introduced by Turing (1938) in connexion with a logical problem, which there is unfortunately no time to mention, and the construction of actual machines was begun independently in America, towards the end of the late war. A ‘universal’ machine is one which, when given suitable instructions, will carry out automatically any well-defined series of computations of certain specified kinds, say additions, subtractions, multiplications and divisions of integers or finite decimals. This is a rather doubtful definition, since it depends on what is meant by a ‘welldefined’ series of computations; and undoubtedly the best definition of this is ‘one that can be done by a machine ’. However, this description is not quite so circular as it may seem; for most people have a fairly clear idea of w hat processes can be done by machines specially constructed for each separate purpose. There are, for example, machines for solving sets of linear algebraic equations, for finding the prim e factors of large integers, for solving ordinary differential equations of certain types, and so on. A universal machine is a single machine which, when provided with suitable instructions, will perform any calculation that could be done by a specially constructed machine. No real machine can be truly universal because its size is limited—for example, no machine will work out π to lO 1000 places of decimals, because there is no room in the world for the working or the answer; but subject to this limitation of size, the machines now being made in America and in this country will be ‘ universal ’ —if they work a t all; that is, they will do every kind of job that can be done by special machines.

Using a semantic network for information extraction

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT GAIZAUSKAS ◽  
KEVIN HUMPHREYS
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Information Extraction ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Semantic Network ◽  
Logical Form ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Discourse Model ◽  
Comparable Performance ◽  
Entire Text

This paper describes the approach to knowledge representation taken in the LaSIE Information Extraction (IE) system. Unlike many IE systems that skim texts and use large collections of shallow, domain-specific patterns and heuristics to fill in templates, LaSIE attempts a fuller text analysis, first translating individual sentences to a quasi-logical form, and then constructing a weak discourse model of the entire text from which template fills are finally derived. Underpinning the system is a general ‘world model’, represented as a semantic net, which is extended during the processing of a text by adding the classes and instances described in that text. In the paper we describe the system's knowledge representation formalisms, their use in the IE task, and how the knowledge represented in them is acquired, including experiments to extend the system's coverage using the WordNet general purpose semantic network. Preliminary evaluations of our approach, through the Sixth DARPA Message Understanding Conference, indicate comparable performance to shallower approaches. However, we believe its generality and extensibility offer a route towards the higher precision that is required of IE systems if they are to become genuinely usable technologies.

A QUANTUM-INSPIRED GENETIC ALGORITHM BASED ON PROBABILISTIC CODING FOR MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT

2010 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 59-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
HONG-WEI HUO ◽  
VOJISLAV STOJKOVIC ◽  
QIAO-LUAN XIE
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Sequence Alignment ◽  
Multiple Sequence Alignment ◽  
Quantum Algorithms ◽  
Quantum Memory ◽  
Genetic Operators ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Memory Register ◽  
Probabilistic Coding ◽  
Quantum Parallelism

Quantum parallelism arises from the ability of a quantum memory register to exist in a superposition of base states. Since the number of possible base states is 2n, where n is the number of qubits in the quantum memory register, one operation on a quantum computer performs what an exponential number of operations on a classical computer performs. The power of quantum algorithms comes from taking advantages of quantum parallelism. Quantum algorithms are exponentially faster than classical algorithms. Genetic optimization algorithms are stochastic search algorithms which are used to search large, nonlinear spaces where expert knowledge is lacking or difficult to encode. QGMALIGN — a probabilistic coding based quantum-inspired genetic algorithm for multiple sequence alignment is presented. A quantum rotation gate as a mutation operator is used to guide the quantum state evolution. Six genetic operators are designed on the coding basis to improve the solution during the evolutionary process. The experimental results show that QGMALIGN can compete with the popular methods, such as CLUSTALX and SAGA, and performs well on the presenting biological data. Moreover, the addition of genetic operators to the quantum-inspired algorithm lowers the cost of overall running time.

Software Platform for General Purpose Test and Diagnosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 241-244 ◽  
pp. 284-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Xu ◽  
Li Wei Guo ◽  
Jin Song Yu
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Diagnostic Reasoning ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Software Platform ◽  
Automatic Test ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Data Services ◽  
Test Systems ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Integrated Software

This paper centers on the software reuses of Automatic Test Systems (ATS) and the integration of test and diagnosis to reduce maintenance costs. Based on the research into the basic framework, data services, packages and definition of interfaces, we present an integrated software platform for test and diagnosis system. The platform achieves the separation between the user interface and test logic, the combination of fault modeling and diagnostic reasoning, and the integration of test and diagnosis.

scholarly journals General purpose medical digital library definition

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Rocha-Pereira ◽  
Jose A Lopes-Santos ◽  
Antonio Constantion L Martins
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Digital Library ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Mobile Platform ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Definition Of

The need of an approach for the definition of a platform-independent medical digital library, using only open-source tools, will be described. To test the need and the success of such an approach, a library will be created, which can later be used in a larger scale as a general purpose digital medical tool, when comes the need to evaluate an image. As a first test, the library will be used in the development of a tool aimed to aid doctors in otoplasty candidates’ evaluation. This tool shall be developed and tested first on a mobile platform, so the potential of the developed library can be tested on the most adverse situation. Also, the resulting library will be license free, making easier the collaboration of others in development and integration with other software, translating in a better spread of the library in medical practice

scholarly journals General education role of foreign language teaching in General education schools and higher educational institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Natalya Bashlueva ◽  
Mariya Bashlueva
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
General Education ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Educational Role ◽  
Language Communication ◽  
Definition Of

the article deals with the directions in the methodology of teaching foreign language to students of secondary schools and cadets and students of educational organizations of the Ministry of internal Affairs. The issue of the General educational role of teaching foreign languages is discussed. Attention is paid to the discussion of the point of view of some Methodists about the place and role of the theoretical and descriptive aspect of teaching. Proponents of this theory believe that this aspect is the essence of the General educational function of language teaching, and sometimes argue that it should be considered as the main content of learning and its main purpose. In the existing methodological concepts, two points deserve the sharpest criticism: the wrong understanding of the General educational meaning of foreign languages and the resulting erroneous definition of the content and essence of teaching. Ready-made signs of a language, its systems of elements and structures can and should be studied separately as the sum of phenomena and facts of language in the corresponding theoretical courses; but specific types of communicative activity are always mastered, where the "lexical", "grammatical" and "phonetic" aspects appear in an indissoluble organic unity, because not only in any act of language communication, but also in any sign of a sound language, there are both "vocabulary", "grammar", and "phonetics". From the General purpose of teaching a foreign language at school, it follows that it cannot be reduced to the development of any one type of communication activity (for example, reading or speaking), since this would unacceptably narrow the practical value of learning; the school should lay the Foundation for using all four main types: speaking, listening, reading to oneself and writing.

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