scholarly journals Phytotoxicity of Tires Evaluated in Simulated Conditions

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Markéta Šourková ◽  
Dana Adamcová ◽  
Jan Winkler ◽  
Magdalena Daria Vaverková
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Root Growth Inhibition ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Sinapis Alba L ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Aqueous Leachate ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L

Illegal dumps and landfills with disposed of tires are a fact of today, which should not be neglected as they represent a great ecological burden for the environment, affect the surrounding nature and disturb the landscape. This research was focused on testing the phytotoxicity of aqueous leachates from the fractions of tires in two sets of experiments—to simulate laboratory conditions (tire leaching in distilled water) and natural conditions (tire leaching in water from a recipient) using the Phytotoxkit testing kit (kit for the establishment of inhibition/stimulation effect on the root development) and the watercress test of phytotoxicity (biological method for the assessment of leachate phytotoxicity). Plants whose seeds were selected for the test were watercress (Lepidium sativum L.) and white mustard (Sinapis alba L.). The aqueous leachate was tested for 38 weeks. During the experiment, physical and chemical parameters were measured at intervals of 14 days by the testing instrument HACH TEST KIT: electric conductivity (EC), amount of dissolved oxygen (LDO) and pH. Results of root growth inhibition (IR) on the seeds of Lepidium sativum L. and Sinapis alba L. exhibited values ranging from 11.73% to 47.74% in the tested samples. Results of germination index (GI) on the seeds of Lepidium sativum L. exhibited values below 66% in the tested samples, which indicated the leachate phytotoxicity. In spite of the fact that similar studies are tackling the acute toxicity of leachates from tires (particularly to algae, embryos and animals), this research brings complementary information in testing the acute phytotoxicity of tire leachates to higher plants.

scholarly journals Phenetic phytoindication and biotesting of soils in recreation zones of Tver city

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-126
Author(s):  
Александр Борисович Савинов ◽  
Александра Федоровна Мейсурова ◽  
Александр Александрович Нотов ◽  
Денис Алексеевич Новожилов
Keyword(s):  
Total Content ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Plantago Major ◽  
Sinapis Alba L ◽  
Phenetic Diversity ◽  
Root Size ◽  
Toxic Load ◽  
Test Plants ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L

Исследованы фенофонды ценопопуляций подорожника большого (Plantago major L.) и сныти обыкновенной (Aegopodium podagraria L.) в рекреационных зонах г. Твери с разным уровнем загрязнения почв тяжелыми металлами (ТМ). Параллельно проведено биотестирование почв модельных биотопов по параметрам развития семян тест-растений - горчицы белой (Sinapis alba L.), кресс-салата (Lepidium sativum L.), сорго черного (Sorghum nigrum L.) в соответствии с ГОСТ Р ИСО 18763-2019. По мере возрастания суммарной токсической нагрузки на биотопы среднее число фенов у сныти и подорожника снижается. Однако доля редких фенов у сныти возрастает, а у подорожника уменьшается. Общие показатели фенетического разнообразия (среднее число и доля редких фенов) у сныти коррелируют с суммарной токсической нагрузкой на почвы в большей степени, чем у подорожника. Параметры развития семян разных видов тест-растений неоднозначно отражают фитотоксичность почв. В большей степени с суммарным содержанием ТМ в почве коррелируют показатели всхожести семян и размеры корней проростков у горчицы. Данные по фитоиндикации биотопов на основе фенетических показателей ценопопуляций сныти и, в меньшей степени подорожника, в целом согласуются с результатами биотестирования почв. The phenofonds of Plantago major L. and Aegopodium podagraria L. cenopopulations in recreation zones of Tver with different levels of soil contamination with heavy metals (HM) were studied. In parallel, biotesting of soils of model biotopes was carried out according to the parameters of test plants seeds development - Sinapis alba L., Lepidium sativum L., Sorghum nigrum L. in accordance with ISO 18763:2016. With an increase in the total toxic load on biotopes, the average number of phenes in P. major and A. podagraria decreases. However, the share of rare phenes increases in A. podagraria, and decreases in P. major. The general indicators of phenetic diversity (average number and proportion of rare phenes) in A. podagraria correlate with the total toxic load on soils to a greater extent than in P. major. The development parameters of seeds of different species of test plants ambiguously reflect the phytotoxicity of soils. To a greater extent, the indicators of seed germination and the seedlings root size in S. alba correlate with the total content of HM in the soil. The data on the phytoindication of biotopes based on the phenetic indices of the cenopopulations of A. podagraria and, to a lesser extent, P. major, are generally consistent with the results of soil biotesting.

Physical and chemical defences of pods and seeds of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) against tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Heteroptera: Miridae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Bodnaryk
Keyword(s):  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Chemical Defences ◽  
Sinapis Alba L ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Choice Feeding ◽  
Key Words:Brassica

Adult tarnished plant bugs (Lygus lineolaris) fed 5–10 times less frequently on seeds within pods of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) than on seeds within pods of canola (Barssica napus L.) in no-choice feeding tests in the laboratory. The presence of long, sharp spines (trichomes) on pods of S. alba did not account for all of the difference in feeding on this mustard and on the smooth pods of canola because the feeding rate on shaved pods of S. alba was only twofold higher than on unshaved controls. Lygus lineolaris fed four times less frequently on seeds within pods of a commercial cultivar than on seeds of a near-isogenic low-glucosinolate line of S. alba, suggesting that it is the high concentration of the glucosinolate "sinalbin" in seeds that largely determines the low rate of feeding of L. lineolaris on this species.Plant breeders are currently developing low-glucosinolate lines of mustards such as S. alba for the oilseed market. Seed damage by L. lineolaris in an oilseed S. alba likely will be considerably higher than currently occurs in the mustard S. alba. Key words:Brassica, Sinapis, Lygus, trichome, glucosinolate, feeding damage, antixenosis

scholarly journals Toxicity comparison of some possible toxic metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Se, Zn) on young seedlingsof Sinapis alba L.

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fargašová
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Root Growth Inhibition ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Sinapis Alba L ◽  
Model Subject

The chronic ecotoxicological effects of Cd, Cu, Pb, Se and Zn were determined within this study. Mustard seedlings (Sinapis alba L.) were used as a model subject for the tests. The phytotoxicity was determined through the root growth inhibition and photosynthetic pigments production (chlorophyll a, b, total carotenoids). The metal accumulation in the roots and cotyledons was also determined using the AAS methods. On the basis of IC<sub>50</sub> values and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the root elongation of S. alba seedlings, metals can be arranged in the rank order of inhibition as follows: Cu &gt; Se &gt; Cd &gt; Zn &gt;&gt; Pb. When the photosynthetic pigments production was determined, Se demonstrated the lowest inhibitory effect on all pigment types and Pb did the highest. The accumulated amount of metals from hydroponic solution into the roots and cotyledons decreased in the order Cd &gt; Zn &gt; Se &gt; Pb &gt; Cu.

Physical and Chemical methods of extraction of Bioactive Molecules from Lepidium sativum Linn. and Antioxidant Activity-based screening and selection of extracts-Probable Phytochemical, Chromatography and mass spectroscopy analysis-based correlates

2021 ◽  
pp. 3082-3092
Author(s):  
Rajasekaran R. ◽  
Suresh P. K.
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Meoh Extract ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L

Identification and isolation of active principles from Lepidium sativum L. garden cress seeds and their chemical/biological characterization would aid in drug development (templates for synthesizing derivatives or as a value-added product). Initially, this study dealt with the phytochemical, qualitative and quantitative analysis for phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Subsequently, different physical and chemical extraction techniques -Simple Crude extraction (CRU), Ultra Sonication-Assisted Extraction (UAE), Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) and classical Soxhlet extraction were adopted to select the best Lepidium sativum L. seed extract based on their activity in certain classical, in vitro antioxidant assay systems. The selected best extract was further analyzed for characterization using UPLC, GC-MS. CRU MeOH extracts showed a higher Total phenolic content of 4464.1±349.7mg GAE/100g. The UAE method showed a higher total flavonoid content of 1520.6±182.2mg QUE/100g. CRU-MeOH showed good antioxidant activity based on the free radical scavenging DPPH assay (IC50: 50.61µg/mL). A 100µg/mL concentration of CRU-MeOH was found to be 217.82±12.82 FRAP value. At 400 µg/mL, the NO scavenging assay was reported to be 62.11±4.84%. The present study indicates that extracts from the polar solvents shows better antioxidant scavenging potential than that of the non-polar extracts. Based on the relatively superior performance of the CRU-MeOH extract, UPLC-PDA data was generated. The validity of our chromatography conditions was shown by the presence of quercetin at a retention time 8.555 (validated by our internal standard), apart from the presence of this important bioactive molecule in our extract. As another strand of evidence for the presence of important bioactive molecules, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid were also present in our extracts, following correlation of their UPLC-PDA data with published findings. Also, GC-MS analysis of the CRU MeOH extract showed that 24 compounds (8 major and 16 minor peaks). One of the compounds detected (cis-vaccenic acid) is in consonance with published data. The presence of bioactive components, with known antioxidant and cell death potential, validates our experimental flow for the development and/or refinement of crude extract-based drugs. However, the variability perforce warrants an inter-laboratory harmonization of protocols for making meaningful comparisons.

The influence of gelatin and starter culture on the physical and chemical parameters of cheeses with different fat content

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Yaroslava Zhukova ◽  
◽  
Pylyp Petrov ◽  
Olena Boloba ◽  
Tetiana Ohrimenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Starter Culture ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Life in Glacial and Alpine Rivers in Central Iceland in Relation to Physical and Chemical Parameters

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 411-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gísli Már Gíslason ◽  
Jón S. Ólafsson ◽  
Hákon Adalsteinsson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Invertebrate Fauna ◽  
Glacial Meltwater ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Glacial River ◽  
Alpine Rivers ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The characteristics of stream and river ecosystems in arctic and alpine areas are determined mainly by the relative contribution of glacial meltwater, snowmelt, rainfall and groundwater. Each source generates a particular seasonal hydrological signature, affecting physical and chemical properties, and hence biological communities. The relative contribution of each source is sensitive to climate change. The study was concentrated on the glacial River W-Jökulsá and some non-glacial rivers in the central highlands of Iceland. The water in the glacial river was entirely glacial meltwater at the glacier margin, but the glacial contribution was about 20% 40 km downstream. However, its tributaries and non-glacial reference rivers were mainly springfed. The invertebrate fauna was confined to Chironomidae of the genus Diamesa close to the glacier, but other taxa (species and groups of species) occupied the river further downstream, where their diversity was close to that found in the reference rivers.

scholarly journals Ultrafiltration Process in Disinfection and Advanced Treatment of Tertiary Treated Wastewater

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Rafał Tytus Bray ◽  
Katarzyna Jankowska ◽  
Eliza Kulbat ◽  
Aneta Łuczkiewicz ◽  
Aleksandra Sokołowska
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The One ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The paper presents the results of research on the use of ultrafiltration, using membranes of 200 and 400 kDa separation, for disinfection of municipal treated wastewater. The research was conducted on a fractional technical scale using real municipal treated wastewater from two large wastewater treatment plants treating most of the wastewater over the one-million polycentric Gdańsk agglomeration (1.2 million inhabitants). UF 200 kDa and UF 400 kDa processes enabled further improvement of the physical and chemical parameters of treated wastewater. Total phosphorus (to below 0.2 mg/L–UF 200 kDa, 0.13 mg/L–UF 400 kDa) and turbid substances (to below 0.2 mg/L, both membranes) were removed in the highest degree. COD was reduced efficiently (to below 25.6 mgO2/L–UF 200 kDa, 26.8 mgO2/L–UF 400 kDa), while total nitrogen was removed to a small extent (to 7.12 mg/L–UF 200 kDa and 5.7 mg/L–UF 400 kDa. Based on the reduction of indicator bacteria; fecal coliforms including E. coli (FC) and fecal enterococci (FE) it was found that the ultrafiltration is an effective method of disinfection. Not much indicator bacterial were observed in the permeate after processes (UF 200 kDa; FC—5 CFU/L; FE—1 CFU/L and UF 400 kDa; FC—70 CFU/L; FE—10 CFU/L. However, microscopic analysis of prokaryotic cells and virus particles showed their presence after the application of both membrane types; TCN 3.0 × 102 cells/mL–UF 200 kDa, 5.0 × 103 cells/mL–UF 400 kDa, VP 1.0 × 105/mL. The presence of potentially pathogenic, highly infectious virus particles means that ultrafiltration cannot be considered a sufficient disinfection method for treated wastewater diverted for reuse or discharged from high load wastewater treatment plants to recreational areas. For full microbiological safety it would be advisable to apply an additional disinfection method (e.g., ozonation).

Toxicological effects of different-sized Co–Fe (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles on Lepidium sativum L.: towards better understanding of nanophytotoxicity

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-291
Author(s):  
D. Montvydienė ◽  
A. Jagminas ◽  
Ž. Jurgelėnė ◽  
M. Kazlauskas ◽  
R. Butrimienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Cofe2o4 Nanoparticles ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L
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