scholarly journals Carbon Footprint Analysis of Bamboo Scrimber Flooring—Implications for Carbon Sequestration of Bamboo Forests and Its Products

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Gu ◽  
Yufeng Zhou ◽  
Tingting Mei ◽  
Guomo Zhou ◽  
Lin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Bamboo Forest ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Bamboo Scrimber

Bamboo forest is characterized by large carbon sequestration capability and it plays an important role in mitigating climate change and global carbon cycling. Previous studies have mostly focused on carbon cycling and carbon stocks in bamboo forest ecosystems, whereas the carbon footprints of bamboo products have not received attention. China is the largest exporting country of bamboo flooring in the world. Estimating the carbon footprint of bamboo flooring is of essential importance for the involved enterprises and consumers to evaluate their own carbon footprints. In this study, we investigated the production processes of bamboo scrimber flooring for outdoor use, a typical bamboo flooring in China. Based on business-to-business (B2B) evaluation method, we assessed CO2 emission and carbon transfer ratio in each step of the production process, including transporting bamboo culms and producing and packing the products. We found that to produce 1 m3 of bamboo scrimber flooring, direct carbon emissions from fossil fuels during transporting raw materials/semi-finished products, from power consumptions during production, and indirect emissions from applying additives were 30.94 kg CO2 eq, 143.37 kg CO2 eq, and 78.34 kg CO2 eq, respectively. After subtracting the 267.54 kg CO2 eq carbon stocks in the product from the 252.65 kg CO2 eq carbon emissions derived within the defined boundary, we found that the carbon footprint of 1 m3 bamboo scrimber flooring was −14.89 kg CO2 eq. Our results indicated that the bamboo scrimber flooring is a negative carbon-emission product. Finally, we discussed factors that influence the carbon footprint of the bamboo flooring and gave suggestions on carbon emission reduction during production processes. This study provided a scientific basis for estimating carbon stocks and carbon footprints of bamboo products and further expanded knowledge on carbon cycling and lifespan of carbon in the bamboo forest ecosystem.

Research of Calculating Corrugated Board Carbon Footprint Based on Energy Conservation

2012 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 524-527
Author(s):  
He Nian ◽  
Xiao Min Wang ◽  
Xiao Juan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Production Line ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Corrugated Board ◽  
Indirect Emission ◽  
The Heat Balance

Based on the energy conservation, calculate the carbon footprint of single wall corrugated boards. By calculating the heat balance of each unit in the corrugated board production line, the steam quantity of each unit was calculated and translated into direct carbon emissions; indirect carbon emission was calculated by the electric carbon emission factor. Evaluates to: producing quantitative 140/110/170(g/m2) single wall board for 100m2, the direct and indirect emission of CO2 is 25.4kg and 9.4kg.

scholarly journals Analysis on carbon footprint: A case study of Gorkhapatra national daily in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Anukram Sharma ◽  
Khem N Poudyal ◽  
Nawraj Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Daily Newspaper ◽  
The Cost

Study of carbon footprint is an emerging field which provides statistical analysis about the contribution of an activity on global climate change. Every human activity in daily life is achieved at the expense of those substances which directly or indirectly contribute to global warming. In this era of global communication, humans are habitual to know about the ongoing changes in the world. Newspapers are one of the reliable sources for getting updated about the global information. Paper-based newspapers come at the cost of greenhouse gas emissions. So, this article based upon an analysis of carbon footprint of Nepal’s national daily newspaper provides evaluation of each of the following: carbon emission during the manufacturing of raw materials, carbon emission from fuel consumption during transportation of raw materials, carbon emissions during the printing of newspaper and carbon emission from the fuel consumption during the transportation of printed newspaper. During the study period of 2019 A.D., the result shows that the total carbon emission of Gorkhapatra newspaper was found to be 2308.5 kg CO2e per ton. The upshot of this study provides not only thorough information about carbon emissions but also builds a foundation for calculation of carbon emissions from paper used in various sectors.

Study of Carbon Footprint in Organizations

2015 ◽  
pp. 176-191
Author(s):  
Kapil Mendiratta ◽  
Subhadeep Bhattacharyya ◽  
Grandhi Venkata Abhinav
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Environmentally Conscious ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Carbon Neutral ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable ◽  
Corporate Offices

With the ever increasing intrusion of humans in the environment, it is imperative that individuals and organizations as a unit contribute to an ecologically sustainable environment. With the awareness about carbon emissions and their long term effects increasing; more and more companies are investing in achieving greener ways of production This chapter aims to study how socially/ environmentally conscious today's corporations are, and what courses of action are being taken towards a greener and carbon neutral society in terms of saving basic equivalents of resources such as paper, water, electricity etc. In this chapter we have conducted a survey to analyze the major sources of carbon emission in corporate offices and discuss how corporations can be engaged in contributing to a greener environment.

Effect of different agricultural practices on carbon emission and carbon stock in organic and conventional olive systems

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramez Saeid Mohamad ◽  
Vincenzo Verrastro ◽  
Lina Al Bitar ◽  
Rocco Roma ◽  
Michele Moretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Flux ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Soil Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Organic System

Agricultural practices, particularly land use, inputs and soil management, have a significant impact on the carbon cycle. Good management of agricultural practices may reduce carbon emissions and increase soil carbon sequestration. In this context, organic agricultural practices may have a positive role in mitigating environmental burden. Organic olive cultivation is increasing globally, particularly in Italy, which is ranked first worldwide for both organic olive production and cultivated area. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of agricultural practices in organic and conventional olive systems on global warming potential (GWP) from a life cycle perspective and to identify the hot spots in each system. The impacts assessed were associated with the efficiency of both systems at sequestering soil in order to calculate the net carbon flux. There was a higher environmental impact on GWP in the organic system because of higher global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions resulting from manure fertilisation rather than the synthetic foliar fertilisers used in the conventional system. However, manure was the main reason behind the higher soil organic carbon (SOC) content and soil carbon sequestration in the organic system. Fertilisation activity was the main contributor to carbon emissions, accounting for approximately 80% of total emissions in the organic system and 45% in the conventional system. Conversely, given the similarity of other factors (land use, residues management, soil cover) that may affect soil carbon content, manure was the primary contributor to increased SOC in the organic system, resulting in a higher efficiency of carbon sequestration in the soil following the addition of soil organic matter. The contribution of the manure to increased SOC compensated for the higher carbon emission from the organic system, resulting in higher negative net carbon flux in the organic versus the conventional system (–1.7 vs –0.52 t C ha–1 year–1, respectively) and higher efficiency of CO2 mitigation in the organic system.

scholarly journals Carbon Footprint of Green Roofing: A Case Study from Sri Lankan Construction Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6745
Author(s):  
Malka Nadeeshani ◽  
Thanuja Ramachandra ◽  
Sachie Gunatilake ◽  
Nisa Zainudeen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
Operational Phase ◽  
Flat Roof

At present, the world is facing many hurdles due to the adverse effects of climate change and rapid urbanization. A lot of rural lands and villages are merged into cities by citizens, resulting in high carbon emission, especially in the built environment. Besides, the buildings and the construction sector are responsible for high levels of raw material consumption and around 40% of energy- and process-related emissions. Consequently, the interest in defining the carbon footprint of buildings and their components is on the rise. This study assesses the carbon footprint of a green roof in comparison to a conventional roof in a tropical climate with the aim of examining the potential carbon emission reduction by a green roof during its life cycle. A comparative case study analysis was carried out between an intensive green roof and a concrete flat roof located on two recently constructed commercial buildings in the Colombo district of Sri Lanka. Data were collected from interviews, project documents and past literature in addition to on-site data measurements and a comparison of life cycle carbon emissions of the two roof types was carried out. The results revealed that the operational phase has the highest contribution to the carbon footprint of both roof types. In the operational phase, the green roof was found to significantly reduce heat transfer by nearly 90% compared to the concrete flat roof and thereby contributed to an annual operational energy saving of 135.51 kWh/m2. The results further revealed that the life cycle carbon emissions of the intensive green roof are 84.71% lower compared to the conventional concrete flat roof. Hence, this study concludes that the use of green roofs is a suitable alternative for tropical cities for improving the green environment with substantial potential for carbon emission reduction throughout the life cycle of a building.

scholarly journals Carbon footprint reduction associated with a surgical outreach clinic

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Forner ◽  
Chad Purcell ◽  
Victoria Taylor ◽  
Christopher W. Noel ◽  
Larry Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Regional Centre ◽  
Patient Travel ◽  
Outreach Clinic

Abstract Background Healthcare systems generate substantial carbon footprints that may be targeted to decrease greenhouse gas emissions. Outreach clinics may represent tools to assist in this reduction by optimizing patient related travel. Therefore, we sought to estimate the carbon footprint savings associated with a head and neck surgery outreach clinic. Methods This study was a cross-sectional survey of patient travel patterns to a surgical outreach clinic compared to a regional cancer treatment centre from December 2019 to February 2020. Participants completed a self-administered survey of 12 items eliciting travel distance, vehicle details, and ability to combine medical appointments. Canadian datasets of manufacturer provided vehicular efficiency were used to estimate carbon emissions for each participant. Geographic information systems were used for analyses. Results One hundred thirteen patients were included for analysis. The majority of patients (85.8%) used their own personal vehicle to travel to the outreach clinic. The median distance to the clinic and regional centre were 29.0 km (IQR 6.0–51.9) and 327.0 km (IQR 309.0–337.0) respectively. The mean carbon emission reduction per person was therefore 117,495.4 g (SD: 29,040.0) to 143,570.9 g (SD: 40,236.0). This represents up to 2.5% of an average individual’s yearly carbon footprint. Fewer than 10% of patients indicated they were able to carpool or group their appointments. Conclusion Surgical outreach clinics decrease carbon footprints associated with patient travel compared to continued care at a regional centre. Further research is needed to determine possible interventions to further reduce carbon emissions associated with the surgical care of patients. Graphical abstract

Carbon management framework for sustainable manufacturing using life cycle assessment, IoT and carbon sequestration

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shraddha Mishra ◽  
Surya Prakash Singh
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Real Time Data

Purpose Emission reduction methodologies alone are not sufficient to mitigate the climatic catastrophes caused due to ongoing carbon emissions. Rather, a bidirectional approach is required to decarbonize the excess carbon in the atmosphere through carbon sequestration along with carbon reduction. Since the manufacturing sector contributes heavily to the ongoing carbon emissions, the purpose of this paper is to propose a framework for carbon emission reduction and carbon sequestration in the context of the manufacturing industry. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, life cycle assessment (LCA) is employed to track the carbon emission at each stage of the product development life cycle. The pre-requisite for this is the accurate evaluation of the carbon emissions. Therefore, IoT technologies have been employed for collecting real-time data with high credibility to perceive environmental impact caused during the entire life cycle of the product. The total carbon emission calculation is based on the bill of material (BOM)-based LCA of the product to realize the multi-structure (from parts and components to product) as well as multi-stage (from cradle to gate) carbon emission evaluation. Carbon sequestration due to plantation is evaluated using root-shoot ratio and total biomass. Findings A five interwoven layered structure is proposed in the paper to facilitate the real-time data collection and carbon emission evaluation using BOM-based LCA of products. Further, a carbon neutral coefficient (CNC) is proposed to indicate the state of a firm’s carbon sink and carbon emissions. CNC=1 indicates that the firm is carbon neutral. CNC >1 implies that the firm’s carbon sequestration is more than carbon emissions. CNC <1 indicates that the firm’s carbon emission is more than the carbon sink. Originality/value The paper provides a novel framework which integrates the real-time data collection and evaluation of carbon emissions with the carbon sequestration.

scholarly journals Assessing Carbon Footprint and Inter-Regional Carbon Transfer in China Based on a Multi-Regional Input-Output Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Huang ◽  
Yimin Chen ◽  
Yuanying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Central China ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Carbon Transfer ◽  
Per Capita

China has been the largest carbon emitter in the world since 2007 and is thus confronted with huge emission reduction pressures. The regional differences in socio-economic development lead to complex inter-provincial carbon transfer in China, which hinders the determination of the emission reduction responsibilities for the various provinces. Based on the latest multi-regional input-output data, this study analyzes the carbon footprint, inter-provincial carbon transfer, and the corresponding variations of 30 provinces in China from 2007 to 2010. The results show that the domestic carbon footprint increased from 4578 Mt in 2007 to 6252 Mt in 2010. Provinces with high carbon footprints were mainly found in central China, such as Shandong, Jiangsu, and Henan. Carbon footprints of the developed coastal provinces were greater than those of less developed provinces in Northwestern China. Per capita GDP (Gross Domestic Product) was positively correlated to the per capita carbon footprint, indicating a positive relationship between the economic development level and corresponding carbon emissions. Provincial carbon inflows were found to have increased steadily (ranging between 32% and 41%) from 2007 to 2010. The increases in direct carbon emissions varied largely among different provinces, ranging from below 30% in the developed provinces to more than 60% in the moderately developed provinces (e.g., Sichuan and Chongqing). The embodied carbon transferred from moderately developed or remote provinces to those developed ones. In other words, the carbon emission pressures of the developed provinces were shifted to the less developed provinces. The major paths of carbon flow include the transfers from Hebei to Jiangsu (32.07 Mt), Hebei to Beijing (26.78 Mt), Hebei to Zhejiang (25.60 Mt), and Liaoning to Jilin (27.60 Mt).

scholarly journals A critical review on the environmental impact of manufacturing: a holistic perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Christina Panagiotopoulou ◽  
Panagiotis Stavropoulos ◽  
George Chryssolouris
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
System Level ◽  
Greenhouse Gases Emissions

AbstractManufacturing sector is considered to be the second highest contributor in greenhouse gases emissions in EU, secondary to energy sector. The environmental impact of products, processes, and infrastructures of manufacturing is defined as the mass equivalent of carbon dioxide emissions, also known as carbon footprint, because carbon dioxide accounts for the largest portion of greenhouse gases emissions. The aim of this review is to show the impact of manufacturing on carbon emissions and to investigate the importance of carbon emission factors on the carbon footprint of manufacturing. This was performed via (1) mapping and categorizing the sources of carbon emission at process, machine, and system level; (2) identifying the weight factor of carbon emissions factors via sensitivity analysis; and (3) determining which carbon emission factor has the heaviest contribution in carbon footprint calculation. In all examples of the sensitivity analysis, it was shown that carbon emission factor for electrical energy was the only contributing factor at process level while being the strongest at machine level. At system level, the strongest contributor was the carbon emission factor for material production. To reduce the carbon emissions, one must identify the tuneable parameters at process, machine, and system level, from material, machine tool, and energy point of view. However, the highest reduction in carbon footprint can be achieved by reducing the carbon emission factors of electrical energy using renewable power sources such as solar or wind and by reducing the carbon emission factors for material production using recycling materials as “raw” material.

scholarly journals Carbon Footprint Estimation of Education Building a drive towards Sustainable Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S4) ◽  
pp. 611-614
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Empirical Formulas

Carbon footprint is the process by which the effect of carbon emission due to different activities likes using of building materials, vehicular movement, application of air conditioner etc. This kind of study plays important role in estimating the emissions happening in an institutional building. Nowadays due urbanization, Industrialization and improper development huge amount of emissions are happening in all the sector of the activity like real estate development, infrastructure development etc. This study was carried out in an educational institution to find out the amount of carbon emission happening in a particular building and due to different activities. Estimation was done using normal empirical formulas using the known constant value s and quantity of carbon emitted by different materials. It was estimated that huge amount of carbon emission is happening from the buildings, Electricity and vehicular emission in the educational institution building. The total amount of carbon emission for the entire educational campus was found to be 6772.538 tons / month. Study also carried out to access role of vegetation in absorbing the carbon emissions. Based on the study it was estimated that the vegetation plays an important role in reducing the carbon emission. Several other remedial measures like use of Rain water harvesting system, Solar panels, Vertical farming, Terrace gardening are some of the techniques can be adopted to reduce carbon emission effectively. The study helps us to know the effects of inventories that affect emission level and their action that cause changes in environment. Choice of this study is related in the present scenario of increasing CO2 levels in our very own ecological unit. By adopting several measures mentioned above, campus can be made to carbon negative. This kind of survey/estimation will help to achieve sustainable development and also it will create awareness among the public related to carbon emissions and its impact.

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