Research of Calculating Corrugated Board Carbon Footprint Based on Energy Conservation

2012 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 524-527
Author(s):  
He Nian ◽  
Xiao Min Wang ◽  
Xiao Juan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Production Line ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Corrugated Board ◽  
Indirect Emission ◽  
The Heat Balance

Based on the energy conservation, calculate the carbon footprint of single wall corrugated boards. By calculating the heat balance of each unit in the corrugated board production line, the steam quantity of each unit was calculated and translated into direct carbon emissions; indirect carbon emission was calculated by the electric carbon emission factor. Evaluates to: producing quantitative 140/110/170(g/m2) single wall board for 100m2, the direct and indirect emission of CO2 is 25.4kg and 9.4kg.

scholarly journals A critical review on the environmental impact of manufacturing: a holistic perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Christina Panagiotopoulou ◽  
Panagiotis Stavropoulos ◽  
George Chryssolouris
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
System Level ◽  
Greenhouse Gases Emissions

AbstractManufacturing sector is considered to be the second highest contributor in greenhouse gases emissions in EU, secondary to energy sector. The environmental impact of products, processes, and infrastructures of manufacturing is defined as the mass equivalent of carbon dioxide emissions, also known as carbon footprint, because carbon dioxide accounts for the largest portion of greenhouse gases emissions. The aim of this review is to show the impact of manufacturing on carbon emissions and to investigate the importance of carbon emission factors on the carbon footprint of manufacturing. This was performed via (1) mapping and categorizing the sources of carbon emission at process, machine, and system level; (2) identifying the weight factor of carbon emissions factors via sensitivity analysis; and (3) determining which carbon emission factor has the heaviest contribution in carbon footprint calculation. In all examples of the sensitivity analysis, it was shown that carbon emission factor for electrical energy was the only contributing factor at process level while being the strongest at machine level. At system level, the strongest contributor was the carbon emission factor for material production. To reduce the carbon emissions, one must identify the tuneable parameters at process, machine, and system level, from material, machine tool, and energy point of view. However, the highest reduction in carbon footprint can be achieved by reducing the carbon emission factors of electrical energy using renewable power sources such as solar or wind and by reducing the carbon emission factors for material production using recycling materials as “raw” material.

scholarly journals Carbon Footprint Analysis of Bamboo Scrimber Flooring—Implications for Carbon Sequestration of Bamboo Forests and Its Products

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Gu ◽  
Yufeng Zhou ◽  
Tingting Mei ◽  
Guomo Zhou ◽  
Lin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Bamboo Forest ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Bamboo Scrimber

Bamboo forest is characterized by large carbon sequestration capability and it plays an important role in mitigating climate change and global carbon cycling. Previous studies have mostly focused on carbon cycling and carbon stocks in bamboo forest ecosystems, whereas the carbon footprints of bamboo products have not received attention. China is the largest exporting country of bamboo flooring in the world. Estimating the carbon footprint of bamboo flooring is of essential importance for the involved enterprises and consumers to evaluate their own carbon footprints. In this study, we investigated the production processes of bamboo scrimber flooring for outdoor use, a typical bamboo flooring in China. Based on business-to-business (B2B) evaluation method, we assessed CO2 emission and carbon transfer ratio in each step of the production process, including transporting bamboo culms and producing and packing the products. We found that to produce 1 m3 of bamboo scrimber flooring, direct carbon emissions from fossil fuels during transporting raw materials/semi-finished products, from power consumptions during production, and indirect emissions from applying additives were 30.94 kg CO2 eq, 143.37 kg CO2 eq, and 78.34 kg CO2 eq, respectively. After subtracting the 267.54 kg CO2 eq carbon stocks in the product from the 252.65 kg CO2 eq carbon emissions derived within the defined boundary, we found that the carbon footprint of 1 m3 bamboo scrimber flooring was −14.89 kg CO2 eq. Our results indicated that the bamboo scrimber flooring is a negative carbon-emission product. Finally, we discussed factors that influence the carbon footprint of the bamboo flooring and gave suggestions on carbon emission reduction during production processes. This study provided a scientific basis for estimating carbon stocks and carbon footprints of bamboo products and further expanded knowledge on carbon cycling and lifespan of carbon in the bamboo forest ecosystem.

scholarly journals Analysis on carbon footprint: A case study of Gorkhapatra national daily in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Anukram Sharma ◽  
Khem N Poudyal ◽  
Nawraj Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Daily Newspaper ◽  
The Cost

Study of carbon footprint is an emerging field which provides statistical analysis about the contribution of an activity on global climate change. Every human activity in daily life is achieved at the expense of those substances which directly or indirectly contribute to global warming. In this era of global communication, humans are habitual to know about the ongoing changes in the world. Newspapers are one of the reliable sources for getting updated about the global information. Paper-based newspapers come at the cost of greenhouse gas emissions. So, this article based upon an analysis of carbon footprint of Nepal’s national daily newspaper provides evaluation of each of the following: carbon emission during the manufacturing of raw materials, carbon emission from fuel consumption during transportation of raw materials, carbon emissions during the printing of newspaper and carbon emission from the fuel consumption during the transportation of printed newspaper. During the study period of 2019 A.D., the result shows that the total carbon emission of Gorkhapatra newspaper was found to be 2308.5 kg CO2e per ton. The upshot of this study provides not only thorough information about carbon emissions but also builds a foundation for calculation of carbon emissions from paper used in various sectors.

Study of Carbon Footprint in Organizations

2015 ◽  
pp. 176-191
Author(s):  
Kapil Mendiratta ◽  
Subhadeep Bhattacharyya ◽  
Grandhi Venkata Abhinav
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Environmentally Conscious ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Carbon Neutral ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable ◽  
Corporate Offices

With the ever increasing intrusion of humans in the environment, it is imperative that individuals and organizations as a unit contribute to an ecologically sustainable environment. With the awareness about carbon emissions and their long term effects increasing; more and more companies are investing in achieving greener ways of production This chapter aims to study how socially/ environmentally conscious today's corporations are, and what courses of action are being taken towards a greener and carbon neutral society in terms of saving basic equivalents of resources such as paper, water, electricity etc. In this chapter we have conducted a survey to analyze the major sources of carbon emission in corporate offices and discuss how corporations can be engaged in contributing to a greener environment.

scholarly journals Carbon Footprint of Green Roofing: A Case Study from Sri Lankan Construction Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6745
Author(s):  
Malka Nadeeshani ◽  
Thanuja Ramachandra ◽  
Sachie Gunatilake ◽  
Nisa Zainudeen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
Operational Phase ◽  
Flat Roof

At present, the world is facing many hurdles due to the adverse effects of climate change and rapid urbanization. A lot of rural lands and villages are merged into cities by citizens, resulting in high carbon emission, especially in the built environment. Besides, the buildings and the construction sector are responsible for high levels of raw material consumption and around 40% of energy- and process-related emissions. Consequently, the interest in defining the carbon footprint of buildings and their components is on the rise. This study assesses the carbon footprint of a green roof in comparison to a conventional roof in a tropical climate with the aim of examining the potential carbon emission reduction by a green roof during its life cycle. A comparative case study analysis was carried out between an intensive green roof and a concrete flat roof located on two recently constructed commercial buildings in the Colombo district of Sri Lanka. Data were collected from interviews, project documents and past literature in addition to on-site data measurements and a comparison of life cycle carbon emissions of the two roof types was carried out. The results revealed that the operational phase has the highest contribution to the carbon footprint of both roof types. In the operational phase, the green roof was found to significantly reduce heat transfer by nearly 90% compared to the concrete flat roof and thereby contributed to an annual operational energy saving of 135.51 kWh/m2. The results further revealed that the life cycle carbon emissions of the intensive green roof are 84.71% lower compared to the conventional concrete flat roof. Hence, this study concludes that the use of green roofs is a suitable alternative for tropical cities for improving the green environment with substantial potential for carbon emission reduction throughout the life cycle of a building.

scholarly journals Intelligent Measurement and Monitoring of Carbon Emissions for 5G Shared Smart Logistics

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ailing Zhang ◽  
Sha Li ◽  
Lin Tan ◽  
Yingchao Sun ◽  
Fuxiao Yao
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Storage Technology ◽  
Factor Method ◽  
Smart Logistics ◽  
Intelligent Measurement ◽  
Logistics Process

With the upgrading of logistics demand and the innovation of modern information technology, the smart logistics platform integrates advanced concepts, technologies, and management methods, maximizes the integration of logistics resources and circulation channels, and effectively improves the efficiency of logistics transactions, but its energy consumption problem is particularly prominent. The study of intelligent measurement and monitoring of carbon emissions in smart logistics is of great value to reduce energy consumption, reduce carbon emissions in buildings, and improve the environment. In this paper, by comparing and analyzing the accounting standards of carbon emissions and their calculation methods, the carbon emission factor method is selected as the method to study the carbon emissions of the smart logistics process in this paper. The working principle of each key storage technology in the smart logistics process is analyzed to find out the equipment factors affecting the carbon emission of each storage technology in the smart logistics process, and the carbon emission calculation model of each key storage technology is established separately by using the carbon emission factor method. Meanwhile, according to the development history of energy consumption assessment, the assessment process of different stages from logistics storage energy consumption assessment to smart logistics energy consumption assessment is analyzed, and based on this, a carbon emission energy consumption assessment framework based on 5G shared smart logistics is constructed. This paper applies the supply chain idea to define the smart logistics supply chain, constructs a conceptual model of the smart logistics supply chain considering carbon emissions, and at the same time combines the characteristics of the smart logistics supply chain to analyze the correlation between the carbon emissions of the smart logistics supply chain and the related social, environmental, and economic systems.

scholarly journals Energy Flows and Carbon Footprint in the Forestry-Pulp and Paper Industry

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingjian Zhao ◽  
Sheng Ding ◽  
Zuomin Wen ◽  
Anne Toppinen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
Material Transportation

In the context of global climate change, energy conservation and greenhouse effect gases (GHG) reduction are major challenges to mankind. The forestry-pulp and paper industry is a typical high energy consumption and high emission industry. We conducted in-depth research on the energy flows and carbon footprint of the forestry-pulp paper industry. The results show that: (1) The main sources of energy supply include external fossil fuel coal and internal biomass fuel black liquor, which supply 30,057,300 GJ and 14,854,000 GJ respectively; in addition, the energy produced by diesel in material transportation reaches 11,624,256 GJ. (2) The main energy consumption processes include auxiliary engineering projects, material transportation, papermaking, alkali recovery, pulping and other production workshops. The percentages of energy consumption account for 26%, 18%, 15%, 10% and 6%, respectively. (3) The main sources of carbon include coal and forest biomass, reaching 770,000 tons and 1.39 million tons, respectively. (4) Carbon emissions mainly occur in fuel combustion in combined heating and power (CHP) and diesel combustion in material transportation, reaching 6.78 million tons and 790,000 tons of carbon, respectively. (5) Based on steam and electricity consumption, the indirect carbon emissions of various thermal and electric energy production units were calculated, and the key energy consumption process units and hotspot carbon flow paths were further found. This research established a theoretical and methodological basis for energy conservation and emission reduction.

scholarly journals Optimization Model of Carbon Footprint of Fresh Products in Cold Chain from the Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Bin Hu ◽  
Bangtong Huang ◽  
Zheng Liu ◽  
Hangxin Guo ◽  
Zihong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Logistics Industry ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Government ◽  
Fresh Products

The carbon footprint of the cold chain logistics system refers to the greenhouse gas emissions directly or indirectly caused in each link of the cold chain logistics activities. Because cold chain logistics is the main carbon emitter in the field of logistics, research on how to reduce carbon emissions in the field of cold chain logistics plays an important role in energy conservation and emission reduction. Based on the in-depth analysis of the carbon footprint of cold chain logistics, this paper introduces the distance coefficient and freshness parameters into the optimization model innovatively and uses the life cycle assessment method and input-output method to determine the calculation range of the carbon footprint of fresh products of each link in the cold chain logistics. The system calculates the carbon emissions generated by the production and operation activities of each place of origin, distribution center, retailer, and waste disposal during the circulation of fresh products. This paper establishes a carbon footprint optimization model to discuss how to balance carbon constraints and minimized costs. Through the analysis of the simulation results, from the perspective of the government and enterprises, corresponding countermeasures are put forward to more effectively achieve the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction and guide the cold chain logistics industry to sustainable development.

scholarly journals Carbon Footprint Estimation of Education Building a drive towards Sustainable Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S4) ◽  
pp. 611-614
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Empirical Formulas

Carbon footprint is the process by which the effect of carbon emission due to different activities likes using of building materials, vehicular movement, application of air conditioner etc. This kind of study plays important role in estimating the emissions happening in an institutional building. Nowadays due urbanization, Industrialization and improper development huge amount of emissions are happening in all the sector of the activity like real estate development, infrastructure development etc. This study was carried out in an educational institution to find out the amount of carbon emission happening in a particular building and due to different activities. Estimation was done using normal empirical formulas using the known constant value s and quantity of carbon emitted by different materials. It was estimated that huge amount of carbon emission is happening from the buildings, Electricity and vehicular emission in the educational institution building. The total amount of carbon emission for the entire educational campus was found to be 6772.538 tons / month. Study also carried out to access role of vegetation in absorbing the carbon emissions. Based on the study it was estimated that the vegetation plays an important role in reducing the carbon emission. Several other remedial measures like use of Rain water harvesting system, Solar panels, Vertical farming, Terrace gardening are some of the techniques can be adopted to reduce carbon emission effectively. The study helps us to know the effects of inventories that affect emission level and their action that cause changes in environment. Choice of this study is related in the present scenario of increasing CO2 levels in our very own ecological unit. By adopting several measures mentioned above, campus can be made to carbon negative. This kind of survey/estimation will help to achieve sustainable development and also it will create awareness among the public related to carbon emissions and its impact.

scholarly journals Carbon emission factor decomposition and carbon peak prediction based on multi-objective decision and information fusion processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunxue Shi ◽  
Xiwen Feng
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Fusion ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Factor Decomposition ◽  
Carbon Peak

AbstractGlobal warming caused by excessive carbon dioxide emissions has seriously threatened the sustainable development of human society. How to reduce carbon dioxide emissions has become a common problem faced by the international community. This article aims to study the decomposition of carbon emission factors and the prediction of carbon peaks from the perspective of multi-objective decision-making and information fusion processing. The sample collection method and statistical analysis method are used to collect samples and simplify the algorithm. A collection experiment of carbon emission factors based on the industry of City A is designed. The experimental data collection takes into account the conversion of coal and oil products into standard coal and carbon dioxide the resulting emissions impact. The experimental results in this paper show that the simulated and real values of my country’s petroleum carbon emissions have both increased from 2000 to 2015, and the decline will be controlled in 2017. Both the simulated value and the real value of my country's coal carbon emissions have been on the rise from 2000 to 2015, and the decline will be controlled in 2017. The carbon emissions of coal are far greater than those of petroleum. The research on carbon emission factor decomposition and carbon peak prediction based on multi-objective decision-making and information fusion processing has been completed well. The research results can be used for industrial carbon emission factor decomposition and carbon peak prediction in other cities across the country.

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