scholarly journals The Impact of the Biomass Crop Assistance Program on the United States Forest Products Market: An Application of the Global Forest Products Model

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Douglas Carter ◽  
Hanliang Fu ◽  
Michael Jacobson ◽  
Katherine Zipp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
The United States ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Biomass Crop ◽  
Pattern Production ◽  
The Impact

As the largest consumer of petroleum and second highest producer of greenhouse gas emissions, the United States currently is a leading country in bioenergy production driven by a series of policies. One such public program that directly subsidizes biomass feedstock growers is the Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP), which recently received attention for stimulating the development of bioenergy. However, critiques were also raised, concerning the possibility of intensifying the feedstock competition between bioenergy and forest products. This study, therefore, aimed at assessing the effects of BCAP on the forest product markets with the Global Forest Products Model (GFPM). Three alternative scenarios were designed to simulate three payments in BCAP. In the first scenario, the matching payment was simulated by adjusting the manufacturing cost of fuelwood and particleboard. In the second scenario, establishment payment was simulated by adjusting the supply rate of industrial roundwood. In the third scenario, the annual payment was simulated by linking the supply change rate with the soil rental rate for industrial roundwood. We found that, under the matching payment scenario, industrial roundwood and particleboard will experience a sharp decrease in production and an increase in price. For establishment payments, industrial roundwood will experience a continuous increase in production and a decrease in price. For annual payments, the industrial roundwood will experience a V-shape pattern production.

International trade in forest products: lumber trade disputes, models and examples

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Softwood Lumber ◽  
Background Theory ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Because of the long-standing Canada-United States lumber trade dispute and the current pressure on the world's forests as a renewable energy source, much attention has been directed toward the modelling of international trade in wood products. Two types of trade models are described in this book: one is rooted in economic theory and mathematical programming, and the other consists of two econometric/statistical models--a gravity model rooted in theory and an approach known as GVAR that relies on time series analyses. The purpose of the book is to provide the background theory behind models and enable readers to easily construct their own models to analyze policy questions, whether in forestry or another sector. Examples in the book illustrate how models can be used to say something about a variety of issues, including identification of the gains and losses to various players in the North American softwood lumber business, and the potential for redirecting sales of lumber to countries outside the United States. The discussion is expanded to include other products besides lumber, and used to examine, for example, the effects of log export restrictions by one naton on all other forestry jurisdictions, the impacts of climate policies as they relate to the global forest sector, and the impact of oil prices on forest product markets throughout the world.

scholarly journals Federal, State, and Local Nutrition Policies for Cancer Prevention: Perceived Impact and Feasibility, United States, 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (7) ◽  
pp. 1006-1008
Author(s):  
Lauren Lizewski ◽  
Grace Flaherty ◽  
Parke Wilde ◽  
Ross Brownson ◽  
Claire Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Nutrition Policies ◽  
Perceived Impact ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Impact

Objectives. To assess stakeholder perceptions of the impact and feasibility of 21 national, state, and local nutrition policies for cancer prevention across 5 domains in the United States. Methods. We conducted an online survey from October through December 2018. Participants were invited to take the survey via direct e-mail contact or an organizational e-newsletter. Results. Federal or state Medicare/Medicaid coverage of nutrition counseling and federal or state subsidies on fruits, vegetables, and whole grains for participants in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program were the policies rated as having the highest perceived impact and feasibility. Overall, the 170 respondents rated policy impact higher than policy feasibility. Polices at the federal or state level had a higher perceived impact, whereas local policies had higher perceived feasibility. Conclusions. Our findings might guide future research and advocacy that can ultimately motivate and target policy actions to reduce cancer burdens and disparities in the United States.

scholarly journals Comparison of Emergency Preparedness Practices between Food Assistance Program Participants and Non-Participants in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 12937
Author(s):  
Gina J. Fung ◽  
Laura K. Jefferies ◽  
Michelle A. Lloyd Call ◽  
Dennis L. Eggett ◽  
Rickelle Richards
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Assistance ◽  
Food Assistance Programs ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
The Impact

Background: Previous research has suggested many households are meeting the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s 3-day emergency food and water storage recommendations. The impact of limited economic household resources on emergency preparedness practices related to food and water is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to compare emergency preparedness practices in households participating in United States’ food assistance programs with households not participating in these programs. Methods: A convenience sample of adults (n = 572) completed an online Qualtrics survey. Descriptive statistics, chi-square statistics, and independent t-tests were used to measure differences between households participating in food assistance programs vs. non-participating households. Results: Most households participating in food assistance programs felt prepared to provide household members with food and water during an emergency, which did not significantly differ from non-participating households. Households using food assistance programs had less accessible cash but had similar foods on-hand for an emergency compared to non-participating households. However, they more frequently reported having baby formula/food and less frequently reported having vitamin/mineral supplements compared to non-participating households. Conclusions: Food assistance programs may be effective in providing enough food and water to help low-income families be prepared for an emergency.

The Struggle to Rearm Japan: Negotiating the Cold War State in US-Japanese Relations

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Miller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Military Assistance ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Postwar Japan ◽  
Political Relationship ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Impact

The Cold War brought forth an unprecedented level of global interactions, creating relationships that not only brought states together but altered the trajectories of societies. To explore the impact of the Cold War on postwar Japan, this article examines the negotiations between the United States and Japan over Japanese membership in the Mutual Security Program, the United States’ postwar military assistance program. It considers debates over Japanese rearmament and their effect on Japan’s economy and democracy, both within Japan and between Japan and the United States, the negotiations that resulted in Japan’s membership in the program, and Japanese reactions to this membership. It argues that Japanese rearmament both brought the United States and Japan together, and created tensions between them, highlighting the complicated Cold War dynamics between domestic and international politics. Further, it asserts that the Cold War altered the nature of the state by fostering a multilayered relationship between government policy-making, international negotiations, institutional developments, and socio-political mobilizations, creating a new political relationship that it calls the Cold War State.

scholarly journals Childhood Obesity Prevention and Federal Food Policy Approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1704-1704
Author(s):  
Parvaneh Yavari ◽  
Thelma Jane Pritzl
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives To investigate the potential mechanisms by which child care food program CCFP and/or supplemental nutrition assistance program SNAP can impact on food insecurity, dietary intake, and weight status of preschool children. Methods This review article is based on the new findings and valid published papers by searching pubmed, google scholar, and/or educational and governmental resources. Results Childhood obesity is considered the most serious health issue in the United States among children and adolescents. In 2009–2010, it was estimated that 26.7% of 2-to-5-year-olds (more than 1 in 4 children) were already overweight or obese. in 2013–2014, about 1 in 6 children and adolescents ages 2 to 19 were obese. Children with obesity are at serious risk for cardiovascular disease. Childhood obesity is also related to mental health issues. The medical care costs of obesity in the United States in 2008 were estimated to be $147 billion per year. According to the Centers for Disease Control, it is much easier to affect children's food preferences or enthusiasm for physical activity at preschool ages. For Florida WIC participants in 2010, childhood obesity in 10-to-17-year-olds was estimated at 17.8%. Yet, the number of Florida children living in households affected by food insecurity at any point during the period 2007–2009 was 934,000 compared to 773,000 in 2016–2018, which shows a 6% reduction in food insecurity. In Florida, the number of participants in the SNAP was 2603,185 in 2010 compared with 3347,518 in 2018. In a recent study, household food insecurity was associated with higher child adiposity related outcomes. Conclusions More research is needed to investigate the impact of improving dietary pattern on food insecurity and on childhood obesity. Since childhood obesity increases the risk of chronic disease and disability later in life, we need an in-depth study f the relationship between food insecurity and childhood obesity, including the pattern and trend of this relationship by demographic characteristics among children. It is important to examine the potential mechanisms by which CCFP and/or SNAP could create healthy impact on child health status. Funding Sources No funding resource for this review article.

The Mutual Defense Assistance Program

1951 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Connery ◽  
Paul T. David
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Good Laboratory ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

The Mutual Defense Assistance Program represents the military portion of an important foreign policy of the United States, that of aid to free nations. While assisting allies by grants of money and supplies is by no means a new undertaking, even for the United States, the scope of this program, under which expenditures may soon exceed $7 billion annually, makes it a good laboratory specimen to illustrate the impact of a positive foreign policy on the structure of the national government. Furthermore, analysis of the program clearly shows the tremendous changes that have taken place in the methods of formulating and administering American foreign policy since the end of World War II.For more than a generation prior to 1916, the Secretaries of State, War, and Navy occupied the same building at the seat of government.

scholarly journals DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN TRADE REMEDY TERHADAP EKSPOR COATED PAPER INDONESIA KE AMERIKA SERIKAT MENGGUNAKAN MODEL ARIMA INTERVENSI

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-126
Author(s):  
Diva Amadea ◽  
Siskarossa Ika Oktora
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Intervention Model ◽  
Coated Paper ◽  
Export Destination ◽  
The Impact

Abstrak Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan hutan tropis terluas di dunia yang memiliki kekayaan sumber daya hutan dan keanekaragaman hayati di dalamnya. Salah satu komoditas ekspor unggulan Indonesia yang merupakan hasil hutan adalah kertas. Pada periode 2006-2018, volume ekspor kertas ke beberapa negara tujuan utama ekspor menunjukkan tren yang terus menurun termasuk ke Amerika Serikat. Penurunan volume ekspor kertas di beberapa negara tersebut terkait dengan masalah yang dihadapi industri kertas Indonesia, yakni pengenaan kebijakan trade remedy oleh Amerika Serikat terkait praktik dumping dan subsidi produk coated paper Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh dan besarnya dampak dari pengenaan trade remedy terhadap ekspor kertas Indonesia ke Amerika Serikat dengan model ARIMA Intervensi. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah volume ekspor kertas (coated paper) bulanan (kg) dari Januari 2006 hingga Desember 2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengenaan kebijakan trade remedy oleh Amerika Serikat berpengaruh signifikan menurunkan volume ekspor kertas Indonesia ke negara tersebut.  Dampak pengenaan kebijakan trade remedy oleh Amerika Serikat terhadap produk ekspor coated paper Indonesia langsung dirasakan saat kebijakan diberlakukan yaitu pada bulan Januari 2010. Dampak penurunan terbesar terjadi pada bulan Maret 2010, dengan penurunan sebesar 5.015 ton atau mencapai 91,07%. Dampak negatif dari kebijakan trade remedy terhadap ekspor kertas Indonesia ke Amerika Serikat berlangsung sepanjang waktu penelitian dan dapat menjadi permanen jika tidak dilakukan intervensi kebijakan. Kebijakan yang direkomendasikan diantaranya adalah penguatan Portal Satu Data Perdagangan sebagai bagian dari penguatan administrasi bukti-bukti khususnya substansi dari sisi hukum untuk membantah tuduhan yang diberikan. Peningkatan performa ekspor coated paper Indonesia juga dapat disiasati dengan mencari pasar ekspor nontradisional.   Kata Kunci: Trade Remedy, Ekspor Kertas, Model ARIMA Intervensi   Abstract Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest tropical forest in the world, which has a wealth of forest resources and biodiversity. One of the main Indonesia export from forest products is paper. In 2006-2018, the paper volume export to several main export destination countries showed a downward trend, including the United States. The decline in the paper volume export in several countries is related to problems facing the Indonesian paper industry, which imposes a trade remedy policy by the United States regarding dumping practices and subsidies for Indonesian coated paper products. This study aims to analyze the effect and magnitude of the imposition of trade remedy on Indonesian paper exports using the ARIMA Intervention model. The data used in this study is the volume of monthly coated paper exports (kg) from January 2006 to December 2018. The results show that the imposition of a trade remedy policy has a significant effect on reducing Indonesian paper exports. The impact of the trade remedy policy imposed by the United States on Indonesian coated paper exports was immediately felt in January 2010. The highest decline occurred in March 2010, with a decrease of 5,015 tons or reaching 91.07%. The negative impact of the trade remedy policy on Indonesia's paper exports to the United States lasts throughout the time of the study and is considered permanent if no policy intervention is made. Policy recommendations include strengthening the One Trading Data Portal as part of strengthening the evidence's administration, especially the substance of the law, to dispute the charge given. The permanent negative impact on the performance of coated paper exports to the United States can also be overcome by seeking nontraditional export markets .Keywords: Trade Remedy, Coated Paper Exports, ARIMA Intervention Model JEL Classification: F13, F68, C22

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