Pinus sylvestris Breeding for Resistance against Natural Infection of the Fungus Heterobasidion annosum

Increasing resistance against biotic and abiotic factors is an important goal of forest tree breeding. The aim of the present study was to develop a root rot resistance index for Scots pine breeding and evaluate its effectiveness. The productivity, branch diameter, branchiness, stem straightness, spike knots, and damage from natural infection of root rot in 154 Scots pine open-pollinated families from Latvia were evaluated through a progeny field trial at the age of 38 years. Trees with decline symptoms were sampled for fungal isolations. Based on this information and kriging estimates of root rot, 35 affected areas (average size: 108 m2; total 28% from the 1.5 ha trial) were delineated. Resistance index of a single tree was formed based on family adjusted proportion of live to infected trees and distance to the center of affected area. Heritability for resistance to root rot based on the value of this index, was high (0.37) and comparable to indices of growth traits. Correlations of family breeding estimates between resistance to root rot and the other traits were not significant, except for a weak, yet significant, positive correlation with diameter at breast height and branch diameter. Selection index including only growth traits (height and stem volume) had a negligible effect on damage by root rot. We detected a maximum genetic gain in resistance index of 33.7% when incorporating it into the selection index with positive gains for growth traits (6.5–11.0%). Two-stage selection with prior selection of the most resistant families was not superior to the use of selection index with only rot resistance included. Overall; rot resistance index appeared to be an effective tool in tree breeding for the selection of more resistant families, using the existing trials with natural (uncontrolled) infection

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Prediction of Stilbene Content from Heartwood Increment Cores of Scots Pine Using near Infrared Spectroscopy Methodology

Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

10.1255/jnirs.1225 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 517-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Susanna Pulkka ◽

Vincent Segura ◽

Anni Harju ◽

Tarja Tapanila ◽

Johanna Tanner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

High Throughput ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Nir Spectroscopy ◽

Tree Breeding ◽

Decay Resistance ◽

Increment Core ◽

Automatic Selection ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Selection Of

High-throughput and non-destructive methods for quantifying the content of the stilbene compounds of Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) heartwood are needed in the breeding for decay resistance of heartwood timber. In this study, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy calibrations were developed for a large collection of solid heartwood increment core samples in order to predict the amount of the stilbene pinosylvin (PS), its monomethyl ether (PSM) and their sum (STB). The resulting models presented quite accurate predictions in an independent validation set with R2V values ranging between 0.79 and 0.91. The accuracy of the models strongly depended on the chemical being calibrated, with the lowest accuracy for PS, intermediate accuracy for PSM and highest accuracy for STB. The effect of collecting one, two or more (up to five) spectra per sample on the calibration models was studied and it was found that averaging multiple spectra yielded better accuracy as it may account for the heterogeneity of wood along the increment core within and between rings. Several statistical pretreatments of the spectra were tested and an automatic selection of wavenumbers prior to calibration. Without the automatic selection of wavenumbers, a first derivative of normalised spectra yielded the best accuracies, whereas after the automatic selection of wavenumbers, no particular statistical pretreatment appeared to yield better results than any other. Finally, the automatic selection of wavenumbers slightly improved the accuracy of the models for all traits. These results demonstrate the potential of NIR spectroscopy as a high-throughput and non-destructive phenotyping technique in tree breeding for the improvement of decay resistance in heartwood timber.

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Resistance of Scots pine half-sib families to Heterobasidion annosum in progeny field trials

Silva Fennica ◽

10.14214/sf.10276 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Adas Marčiulynas ◽

Vaida Sirgedaitė-Šėžienė ◽

Povilas Žemaitis ◽

Āris Jansons ◽

Virgilijus Baliuckas

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Plant Resistance ◽

Root Rot ◽

Field Trial ◽

Tree Mortality ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Field Trials ◽

Heterobasidion Annosum ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Sib Families

Five Scots pine ( L.) progeny field trials, each established in different Lithuanian regions of provenance in 1983, were studied. Each progeny field trial consists of 140 half-sib families from seven populations (20 families from each population). The evaluation was carried out in 2012 and 2018 to assess the families resistance to (Fr.) Bref. An index of resistance in the infected plots was calculated. To verify the accuracy of the method, total phenolic compounds (TPC) was chosen as key parameter to compare with the plant resistance index. During the six years between the two assessments, the percentage of living Scots pine trees in the progeny field trials decreased up to 20 percentage points (range: 4 p.p. to 20 p.p.). In 2018 the area of damaged plots (in percentage from total field trial area) varied from 17 to 27%. Tree mortality in the trial correlates with site soil fertility â more fertile soils were distinguished by higher tree percentage loss and . Using analysis from combined data of all progeny trials, the family variance component reached 13.3âÂ±â2.2% and family heritability was 0.81. Family heritability estimates for root rot resistance show possibilities of high breeding effectiveness. The correlations between the trials in family resistance estimates were negligible (ranging from 0 to 0.28). The significant high correlation coefficient was determined between the resistance index and TPC concentration (â=â0.77, â=â0.0003). This allows us to assume that plant resistance is directly linked on TPC synthesis. The results indicate that the chosen methods of chemical resistance for identification of root rot-resistant genotypes are applicable for the selection of Scots pine half-sib families in the field trials with higher resistance to pathogens.Pinus sylvestrisHeterobasidion annosumH. annosumvice versarp

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Variability of old Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. vegetative progeny from the Augustowska Primeval Forests

Forest Research Papers ◽

10.2478/frp-2019-0006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 69-78

Author(s):

Małgorzata Matras-Zarzecka ◽

Artur Zarzecki

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Clonal Diversity ◽

Tree Breeding ◽

Average Height ◽

Qualitative Traits ◽

Stem Straightness ◽

Quantitative And Qualitative Traits

Abstract This study was carried out in the clone archive of old Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. trees located in the Augustowska Primeval Forest. The aim of the study was to determine the intra-clonal diversity among quantitative and qualitative traits of the vegetative progeny of Scots pine trees older than 200 years. Our analyses included traits such as survival rate, height and diameter at breast height (DBH), stem straightness, length and width of the crowns as well as branch thickness and growth angle. There was no significant correlation between the age of mother trees and the traits of their vegetative progeny. However, mother trees did affect the survival of the progeny. In overall, the survival rate of grafts in the archive is high (about 80% at the age of 13 years) and there have been no significant fluctuations in recent years. Nevertheless, the variability of quantitative traits among vegetative progeny was high with the average height ranging from 2.16 m up to 6.71 m, and in the case of DBH, ranging from 3.23 cm to 12.1 cm. Both, height of trees and their DBH, were significantly different among the analysed clones. These intra-clone differences in growth traits indicate a high environmental impact on the growth and performance of clones. However, the diversity of quantitative and qualitative traits is comparable to the differences observed in the economic seed orchards with seedlings at a similar age. Most of the genotypes planted in the archive are fully viable and have matured to the stage of seed production. The clone archive can thus be viewed as both, a conservation effort and to obtain valuable seeds from the point of view of tree breeding. Therefore, establishing archives of tree clones using valuable genotypes is an effective method of conserving individual genotypes even of very old individuals.

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Cumulative effect of needle cast on Scots pine saplings

Forestry Studies / Metsanduslikud Uurimused ◽

10.1515/fsmu-2016-0007 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 5-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Āris Jansons ◽

Una Neimane ◽

Kaspars Polmanis ◽

Astra Zaļuma ◽

Tālis Gaitnieks ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Cumulative Effect ◽

Growing Season ◽

Tree Breeding ◽

Individual Tree ◽

Needle Cast ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Survival Selection ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Selection Of

Abstract Premature needle cast, affecting the needles on one-year old shoots, thus shrinks the size of green crown of Scots pines, and can cause reduction of increment or even death of trees, especially during first years of their growth. Aim of our study was to evaluate the lasting impact of pathological needle cast to young Scots pines and its implications for tree breeding. Assessment of needle cast damages in 5 grade scale and measurements of height were done repeatedly in Scots pine open pollinated progeny trial, consisting of 65 families, located in central part of Latvia. Proportion of saplings with different level of needle cast damage differed significantly between the years of impact: severely damaged were 51%, 30% and 17% of saplings in growing seasons 4, 5 and 6, respectively. Both the needle cast damage grade at current growing season, as well as height of the sapling before the needle cast infection (at the end of the third growing season) had a significant effect on its grade of needle cast damages in the next growing season. Cumulative level of needle cast damages at the age 4 to 6 years had significant negative effect on height of the saplings at the age of 12 years both at individual tree and family mean level, as well as on survival. Selection of best growing families in such trial would also lead to selection of genotypes least affected by the disease.

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SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PEMILIHAN GURU BERPRESTASI KOTA MEDAN MENERAPKAN METODE PREFERENCES SELECTION INDEX (STUDI KASUS : DINAS PENDIDIKAN KOTA MEDAN)

KOMIK (Konferensi Nasional Teknologi Informasi dan Komputer) ◽

10.30865/komik.v2i1.921 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fajar Syahputra ◽

Mesran Mesran ◽

Ikhwan Lubis ◽

Agus Perdana Windarto

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Decision Support ◽

Decision Support System ◽

Support System ◽

Formal Education ◽

Basic Education ◽

Selection Index ◽

Main Task ◽

Selection Of

The teacher is a major milestone in the world of education, the ability and achievement of students cannot be separated from the role of a teacher in teaching and guiding students. Based on the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 14 of 2005 concerning Teachers and Lecturers, in Article 1 explained that teachers are professional educators with the main task of educating, teaching, guiding, directing, training, evaluating, and evaluating students in early childhood education through formal education, basic education and education medium. Whereas in Article 4 of the Act, it is explained that the position of teachers as professionals serves to enhance the dignity and role of teachers as learning agents to function to improve the quality of national education.Decision making is an election process, among various alternatives that aim to meet one or several targets. The decision-making system has 4 phases, namely intelligence, design, choice and implementation. These phases are the basis for decision making, which ends with a recommendation.The Preferences Selection Index (PSI) method is a rarely used decision support system method. This method is a method developed by stevanie and Bhatt (2010) to solve the Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM). With the right consideration, this method can be one of the tools to determine policies in decision-making systems, especially the selection of outstanding teachers. Determination of policies taken as a basis for decision making, must use criteria that can be defined clearly and objectively.Keywords: Decision Support System, PSI, Selection of Achieving Teachers

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RATIONALIZATION FOR THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF OVARIAN CANCER AND CHRONIC SALPINGOOPHORITIS IN THE PARAMETERS OF DISINTEGRATION AND NETWORK MODELING CHANGES OF BLOOD FLOW IN UTERINE AND OVARIAN ARTERIES AND VEINS

Problems in oncology ◽

10.37469/0507-3758-2017-63-5-766-769 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. 766-769

Author(s):

Nikolay Agarkov ◽

Pavel Tkachenko ◽

Dmitriy Kicha ◽

Vitaliy Aksenov ◽

Aleksandr Ivanov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Diagnostic Criteria ◽

Peripheral Resistance ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Diagnostic Process ◽

Venous Outflow ◽

Flow Changes ◽

Arteries And Veins ◽

Selection Of

Analysis of ultrasonic blood flow changes in uterine and ovarian arteries and veins in 92 patients with ovarian cancer and 87 patients with chronic salpingoophoritis has allowed to identify the leading differential diagnostic criteria, which include minimum diastolic blood flow velocity, resistance index, while fast hyperemia, the index of venous outflow diastolic index and index of peripheral resistance. Based on a selection of leading differential diagnostic criteria for ovarian cancer and chronic salpingoophoritis developed a network model of differentiation of these groups of patients, streamlining the differential diagnostic process

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Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Wood Yield Selection Index in a Clonal Trial of Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis) in Northeastern China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13084167 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 4167

Author(s):

David Kombi Kaviriri ◽

Huan-Zhen Liu ◽

Xi-Yang Zhao

Keyword(s):

Selection Index ◽

Tree Height ◽

Stem Volume ◽

Korean Pine ◽

Branch Number ◽

Basal Diameter ◽

Diameter At Breast Height ◽

Breast Height ◽

Stem Straightness ◽

Clonal Trial

In order to determine suitable traits for selecting high-wood-yield Korean pine materials, eleven morphological characteristics (tree height, basal diameter, diameter at breast height, diameter at 3 meter height, stem straightness degree, crown breadth, crown height, branch angle, branch number per node, bark thickness, and stem volume) were investigated in a 38-year-old Korean pine clonal trial at Naozhi orchard. A statistical approach combining variance and regression analysis was used to extract appropriate traits for selecting elite clones. Results of variance analysis showed significant difference in variance sources in most of the traits, except for the stem straightness degree, which had a p-value of 0.94. Moderate to high coefficients of variation and clonal repeatability ranged from 10.73% to 35.45% and from 0.06% to 0.78%, respectively. Strong significant correlations on the phenotypic and genotypic levels were observed between the straightness traits and tree volume, but crown breadth was weakly correlated to the volume. Four principal components retaining up to 80% of the total variation were extracted, and stem volume, basal diameter, diameter at breast height, diameter at 3 meter height, tree height, and crown height displayed high correlation to these components (r ranged from 0.76 to 0.98). Based on the Type III sum of squares, tree height, diameter at breast height, and branch number showed significant information to explain the clonal variability based on stem volume. Using the extracted characteristics as the selection index, six clones (PK105, PK59, PK104, PK36, PK28, and K101) displayed the highest Qi values, with a selection rate of 5% corresponding to the genetic gain of 42.96% in stem volume. This study provides beneficial information for the selection of multiple traits for genetically improved genotypes of Korean pine.

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Selection of cocoa clones for resistance to Phytophthora palmivora by artificial inoculation and natural infection in the field

Tropical Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s40858-021-00427-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vanusa Rodrigues de Souza ◽

Edna Dora Martins Newman Luz ◽

José Luis Pires ◽

Marcos Vinicius Oliveira dos Santos ◽

Elisângela dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Infection ◽

Artificial Inoculation ◽

Phytophthora Palmivora ◽

Selection Of

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Non-Destructive Assessment of Wood Stiffness in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and its Use in Forest Tree Improvement

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10060491 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 491 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Irena Fundova ◽

Tomas Funda ◽

Harry X. Wu

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Wood Quality ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Forest Tree ◽

Wood Stiffness ◽

Standing Trees ◽

Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽

Sib Families ◽

Using Data

Wood stiffness is an important wood mechanical property that predetermines the suitability of sawn timber for construction purposes. Negative genetic correlations between wood stiffness and growth traits have, however, been reported for many conifer species including Scots pine. It is, therefore, important that breeding programs consider wood stiffness and growth traits simultaneously. The study aims to (1) evaluate different approaches of calculating the dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE, non-destructively assessed stiffness) using data from X-ray analysis (SilviScan) as a benchmark, (2) estimate genetic parameters, and (3) apply index selection. In total, we non-destructively measured 622 standing trees from 175 full-sib families for acoustic velocity (VEL) using Hitman and for wood density (DEN) using Resistograph and Pilodyn. We combined VEL with different wood densities, raw (DENRES) and adjusted (DENRES.TB) Resistograph density, Pilodyn density measured with (DENPIL) and without bark (DENPIL.B), constant of 1000 kg·m−3 (DENCONST), and SilviScan density (DENSILV), to calculate MOEs and compare them with the benchmark SilviScan MOE (MOESILV). We also derived Smith–Hazel indices for simultaneous improvement of stem diameter (DBH) and wood stiffness. The highest additive genetic and phenotypic correlations of the benchmark MOESILV with the alternative MOE measures (tested) were attained by MOEDENSILV (0.95 and 0.75, respectively) and were closely followed by MOEDENRES.TB (0.91 and 0.70, respectively) and MOEDENCONST and VEL (0.91 and 0.65, respectively for both). Correlations with MOEDENPIL, MOEDENPIL.B, and MOEDENRES were lower. Narrow-sense heritabilities were moderate, ranging from 0.39 (MOESILV) to 0.46 (MOEDENSILV). All indices revealed an opportunity for joint improvement of DBH and MOE. Conclusions: MOEDENRES.TB appears to be the most efficient approach for indirect selection for wood stiffness in Scots pine, although VEL alone and MOEDENCONST have provided very good results too. An index combining DBH and MOEDENRES.TB seems to offer the best compromise for simultaneous improvement of growth, fiber, and wood quality traits.

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