scholarly journals From Dendrochronology to Allometry

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Biondi
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
Growth Study ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Ring Analysis

The contribution of tree-ring analysis to other fields of scientific inquiry with overlapping interests, such as forestry and plant population biology, is often hampered by the different parameters and methods that are used for measuring growth. Here I present relatively simple graphical, numerical, and mathematical considerations aimed at bridging these fields, highlighting the value of crossdating. Lack of temporal control prevents accurate identification of factors that drive wood formation, thus crossdating becomes crucial for any type of tree growth study at inter-annual and longer time scales. In particular, exactly dated tree rings, and their measurements, are crucial contributors to the testing and betterment of allometric relationships.

scholarly journals Tree-Ring Analysis of Intermediate Hawthorn (Crataegus media Bechst.) in NW Poland

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Anna Cedro ◽  
Bernard Cedro
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Incremental Growth ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Ring Analysis ◽  
Uncultivated Land ◽  
Nw Poland

Intermediate hawthorn (Crataegus × media Bechst.) is broadly distributed in Europe but very rarely examined by dendrochronologists. In NW Poland, it is one of three naturally occurring hawthorn species, growing mainly at forest margins, along roads, in mid-field woodlots, and on uncultivated land. Biocenotically, it is a very valuable species. This study aimed to determine the age of trees, tree-ring dynamics, and growth–climate relationship for intermediate hawthorn. Signature years were also determined. Samples for analysis were collected from 22 trees growing in a typical agricultural landscape in a monospecific mid-field woodlot comprised of several hundred specimens of various ages and forms (shrubs and trees). Using classic methods of dendrochronological dating, a 40-year long chronology spanning 1981–2020 was constructed. The radial growth rate of intermediate hawthorn is comparable to other tree species forming stands in NW Poland and equals 2.41 mm/year. Considerable intersubject variability is noted, from 1.48 to 4.44 mm/year. The chronology was also used for dendroclimatological analyses, including correlation and response function and signature years. Of the meteorological parameters analyzed, annual incremental growth in hawthorn is the most strongly shaped by precipitation totals from May to August of the current vegetation year: high rainfall favors the formation of wide tree-rings. Statistically significant growth–climate relationships were also obtained for winter months (December of the preceding vegetation year, January and February), for which period negative correlation and regression values are noted for air temperature and insolation. Furthermore, high precipitation, low-temperature and low insolation late in the preceding vegetation year (especially in August) make a positive influence on the condition of trees in the upcoming growing season. Signature year analysis clearly pointed to precipitation as the dominant factor in shaping tree-rings in the studied hawthorn population. As there are no dendrochronological papers concerning indigenous hawthorn species, future studies should be expanded to include diverse geographic locations and habitat conditions and should include all three species of hawthorn occurring in Poland.

scholarly journals Different climate sensitivity for radial growth, but uniform for tree-ring stable isotopes along an aridity gradient in Polylepis tarapacana, the world’s highest elevation tree-species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milagros Rodriguez-Caton ◽  
Laia Andreu-Hayles ◽  
Mariano S Morales ◽  
Valérie Daux ◽  
Duncan A Christie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Aridity Gradient ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Δ13c And Δ18o

Abstract Tree growth is generally considered to be temperature-limited at upper elevation treelines. Yet, climate factors controlling tree growth at semiarid treelines are poorly understood. We explored the influence of climate on stem growth and stable isotopes for Polyepis tarapacana, the world’s highest elevation tree-species found only in the South American Altiplano. We developed tree-ring width index (RWI), oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) chronologies for the last 60 years at four P. tarapacana stands located above 4,400 meters in elevation, along a 500-km latitude-aridity gradient. Total annual precipitation decreased from 300 to 200 mm from the northern to the southern sites. We used RWI as a proxy of wood formation (carbon sink) and isotopic tree-ring signatures as proxies of leaf-level gas exchange processes (carbon source). We found distinct climatic conditions regulating carbon-sink processes along the gradient. Current-growing season temperature regulated RWI at wetter-northern sites, while prior-growing season precipitation determined RWI at arid-southern sites. This suggests that the relative importance of temperature to precipitation in regulating tree growth is driven by site-water availability. In contrast, warm and dry growing-seasons resulted in enriched tree-ring δ13C and δ18O at all study sites, suggesting that similar climate conditions control carbon-source processes. Site-level δ13C and δ18O chronologies were significantly and positively related at all sites, with the strongest relationships among the southern-drier stands. This indicates an overall regulation of intercellular carbon dioxide via stomatal conductance for the entire P. tarapacana network, with greater stomatal control when aridity increases. The manuscript also highlights a coupling and decoupling of physiological processes at leaf level versus wood formation depending on their respectively uniform and distinct sensitivity to climate. This study contributes to better understand and predict the response of high-elevation Polylepis woodlands to rapid climate changes and projected drying in the Altiplano.

scholarly journals The significance of compression wood in restoration of the leader in Pinus sihestris L. damaged by moose (Alces alces). II. Structure of growth rings in regenerating stems in relation to juvenile wood formation

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Molski
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Compression Wood ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Alces Alces ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Late Wood ◽  
Wood Compression

The corewood of pine ds very prone to compression wood formation, this changing the whole pattern of the tree ring structure and the siz.es of early and late wood. Compression wood always increases the formation of late wood at the expense of early wood. Tree rings with compression wood are generally wider than those without it, but there occur also tree rings wihout compression wood wider than those in which it is present, formed in the same year and in the same tree.

Tree-Ring Analyses can be Improved by Measurement of Component Widths and Densities

1977 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Harry G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Binocular Microscope ◽  
Study Component ◽  
Ray Methods

Measurement of component widths of annual rings by binocular microscope and of densities by X-ray methods have increased the accuracy of estimation of effects of various factors on tree growth. Sources of information and examples of uses of tree-ring analyses are discussed. Measurements of latewood and earlywood components of tree rings are used to illustrate longterm trends and annual variations about them. It is concluded that foresters should study component widths and densities of tree rings in order to learn more about manipulation of tree growth toward desired goals.

Retrospective analysis of growth A contribution to sustainable forest management in the tropics

IAWA Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-S21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Lotfiomran ◽  
Michael Köhl
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Cedrela Odorata ◽  
Tree Ring Analysis ◽  
Hymenaea Courbaril ◽  
Ring Analysis

Reliable information on tree growth is a prerequisite for sustainable forest management (SFM). However, in tropical forests its implementation is often hampered by insufficient knowledge of the growth dynamics of trees. Although tree ring analysis of tropical trees has a long history, its application for SFM has only recently been considered. In the current study, we illustrate both the potentials and limitations of a retrospective growth assessment by tree ring analysis under the prevailing tropical conditions in a Surinamese rain forest. For this purpose, 38 commercial tree species were screened and grouped into three categories according to the visibility of their tree ring boundaries: (I) tree rings absent or indistinct, (II) distinct but partially vague tree rings which enable approximate age estimation, (III) very distinct tree rings. In 22 out of 38 commercial tree species distinct to very distinct tree ring boundaries could be identified. The anatomy of tree ring boundaries was described following Worbes and Fichtler (2010). Four species with distinct growth rings, Cedrela odorata, Hymenaea courbaril, Pithecellobium corymbosum and Goupia glabra, were studied in greater detail. Time-series analysis was used to characterise their radial growth. From the tree ring width, the annual diameter increment and cumulative diameter growth were calculated to find long-term growth patterns. Pithecellobium corymbosum and partially Hymenaea courbaril followed a typical S-shaped growth curve. By contrast, Goupia glabra and Cedrela odorata did not exhibit an age-related decrease of growth, but showed a constant linear growth over their entire life span. If based on more sample trees, such data can provide target-oriented information for improving SFM in tropical forests.

From xylogenesis to tree rings: wood traits to investigate tree response to environmental changes

IAWA Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica De Micco ◽  
Marco Carrer ◽  
Cyrille B.K. Rathgeber ◽  
J. Julio Camarero ◽  
Jordi Voltas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Environmental Events

ABSTRACTIt is noteworthy that the largest part of global vegetation biomass depends on a thin layer of cells: the vascular cambium. Understanding the wood formation processes and relationships with environmental factors is a crucial and timely research question requiring interdisciplinary efforts, also to upscale the information gained and to evaluate implications for tree growth and forest productivity.We provide an overview of wood formation processes up to tree-ring development, bearing in mind that the combined action of intrinsic factors and environmental drivers determines the anatomical traits of a tree ring formed at a specific time and position within the tree’s architecture. After briefly reviewing intrinsic factors, we focus attention on environmental drivers highlighting how a correct interpretation of environmental signals in tree rings must be grounded in a deep knowledge of xylogenesis and consequent wood anatomical traits. We provide guidelines on novel methods and approaches recently developed to study xylem formation. We refer to existing literature on established techniques for retrospective analyses in tree-ring series of anatomical and isotopic traits, to assess long-term ecophysiological responses to environmental variations, also giving advice on possible bias because of interand within-tree variability.Finally, we highlight that, once the temporal axis of intra-annual tree-ring variability of xylem traits is established by xylogenesis analysis, a multidisciplinary approach linking classical dendro-ecology, wood functional traits (dendro-anatomy) and eco-physiology (here focusing on dendro-isotopes) allows a better interpretation of past environmental events hidden in tree rings, and more reliable forecasts of wood growth in response to climate change.

Tree-ring analysis as an aid to evaluating the effects of pollution on tree growth

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1174-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Innes ◽  
E. R. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Tree Ring Analysis ◽  
Crown Density ◽  
Ring Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Tree-ring analysis has frequently been used to assess the impact of pollution on tree growth around point sources. Its use in studies of the impact of air pollutants operating on a regional scale is more controversial. A variety of analysis procedures is available, and these should be carefully selected in relation to the problem under investigation. To assess the impact of regional air pollutants, nonstationary response functions, as developed using the Kalman filter technique, offer considerable potential. In the current spruce–fir debate in North America, tree-ring analysis has indicated that the current declines are unprecedented within the last 200 years in terms of the duration of depressed growth or the extent to which growth has been depressed. It has indicated that red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) is particularly susceptible to certain climatic conditions (higher than average July and August temperatures and lower than average November and December temperatures). Since the onset of the decline, the growth of red spruce has been less than predicted from climatic factors, suggesting that the importance of some other effect on growth has increased or that there has been a change in the climatic factors influencing growth. In Europe, tree-ring analysis has helped to quantify the relationship between crown density and increment.

scholarly journals Tree-ring analysis in natural hazards research – an overview

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Stoffel ◽  
M. Bollschweiler
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ring Analysis ◽  
Alpine Environments ◽  
Geomorphic Processes

Abstract. The understanding of geomorphic processes and knowledge of past events are important tasks for the assessment of natural hazards. Tree rings have on varied occasions proved to be a reliable tool for the acquisition of data on past events. In this review paper, we provide an overview on the use of tree rings in natural hazards research, starting with a description of the different types of disturbances by geomorphic processes and the resulting growth reactions. Thereafter, a summary is presented on the different methods commonly used for the analysis and interpretation of reactions in affected trees. We illustrate selected results from dendrogeomorphological investigations of geomorphic processes with an emphasis on fluvial (e.g., flooding, debris flows) and mass-movement processes (e.g., landslides, snow avalanche), where lots of data have been generated over the past few decades. We also present results from rockfall and permafrost studies, where data are much scarcer, albeit data from tree-ring studies have proved to be of great value in these fields as well. Most studies using tree rings have focused on alpine environments in Europe and North America, whereas other parts of the world have been widely neglected by dendrogeomorphologists so far. We therefore challenge researchers to focus on other regions with distinct climates as well, to look on less frequently studied processes as well and to broaden and improve approaches and methods commonly used in tree-ring research so as to allow a better understanding of geomorphic processes, natural hazards and risk.

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