scholarly journals Mean Annual Wood Density Variations of Larix gmelinii (Rupr.), Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb., and Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. at Two Different Stem Heights

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Lars Sprengel ◽  
Zhongqian Cheng ◽  
Sandra-Maria Hipler ◽  
Shuirong Wu ◽  
Heinrich Spiecker
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Pinus Tabulaeformis ◽  
Larix Gmelinii ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Climatic Region ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Quercus Mongolica ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Pinus Tabulaeformis Carr

Forests are a large carbon sink with an additional substitution effect in the merchantable timber compartment of harvested trees, where carbon stored within the same volume of wood varies depending on wood density. Here, we investigated mean annual air-dry wood density variations depending on cambial age, annual radial increment, and two different stem heights of Larix gmelinii (Rupr.), Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex. Ledeb., and Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. from a first climatic region (Mulan Forest) and exclusively of P. tabulaeformis from a second climatic region (Zhongtiaoshan Forest) in the temperate zone of China. We applied linear mixed-effects models with partly transformed variables and estimated marginal means for pairwise comparisons. Results showed that mean wood density was not significantly different between L. gmelinii (0.626 g cm−3) and Q. mongolica (0.596 g cm−3), but significantly different between P. tabulaeformis from the two different climatic regions (0.445 g cm−3 in Mulan Forest and 0.521 g cm−3 in Zhongtiaoshan Forest). Mean annual wood density within trees except for P. tabulaeformis from Mulan Forest was initially increasing until an intermediate cambial age, after which it decreased again to lower values. These findings showed that tree age had to be considered in assessing carbon sequestration in wood. It also could play an important role in decision making for forest management in Mulan Forest and show the benefit of the wood properties and carbon storage potential of the faster growing L. gmelinii compared to Q. mongolica. Furthermore, these findings gave an indication that intermediate old forest stands for some tree species accumulated more carbon per year within their woody biomass than young stands or old growth forests. Our results may have an impact on the planning of rotation lengths and of tree species composition for forest stands in Mulan Forest and Zhongtiaoshan Forest.

Intratree and intertree variation in selected wood quality characteristics of European oak (Quercuspetraea and Quercusrobur)

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1818-1823 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.Y. Zhang ◽  
G. Nepveu ◽  
R. Eyono Owoundi
Keyword(s):  
Total Variation ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Latewood Density ◽  
European Oak ◽  
Intratree Variation

Twenty-three trees of European oak (Quercuspetraea (Matt) Liebl. and Quercusrobur L.) were collected from northeastern France to study intratree and intertree variation in the following characteristics: (i) wood density as well as earlywood density and latewood density; (ii) various types of wood shrinkage; and (iii) ring width and its components. Both intratree variation and intertree variation in the three characteristics are significant, but intertree variation is generally smaller. However, the relative magnitude of intertree variation varies with characteristic: intertree variation accounts for about 40% of the total variation in radial, tangential, and volumetric wood shrinkage, 32.5% of the total variation in ring width, and 12.6% of the total variation in wood density. Furthermore, the intertree variation is closely and positively related to the intratree variation: among the three characteristics studied, both intertree variation and intratree variation were highest for ring width and its components, and lowest for wood density and its components. In addition, intratree variation increased remarkably with increasing tree age in these species. In general, intratree variation in wood density and wood shrinkage depends more on cambial age than on ring width. The present study, together with the information available so far, suggests that the quality of European oak wood could be significantly improved.

The importance of wood density in determining the phenology of tree species in a coastal rain forest

Biotropica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Gomes Galvão ◽  
André Luiz Alves de Lima ◽  
Clemir Candeia de Oliveira ◽  
Valdemir Fernando Silva ◽  
Maria Jesus Nogueira Rodal
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Rain Forest

scholarly journals Response Characteristics of Chinese Pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) Radial Growth to Climate and Drought Variability Reconstruction in Western Liaoning, Northeast China

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 752
Author(s):  
Liu ◽  
Bao ◽  
Bao
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Pinus Tabulaeformis ◽  
Western Liaoning ◽  
Chinese Pine ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Pinus Tabulaeformis Carr ◽  
The North Pacific

Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) plays an important role in maintaining ecosystem health and stability in western Liaoning Province and the southern Horqin sand land, Northeast China, with benefits including sand fixation and soil erosion. In the context of climate change, developing a better understanding of the relationship between climate factors and growth rates of this species will be extremely valuable in guiding management activities and meeting regional conservation objectives. Here, the results based on two groups of tree-ring samples show that the radial growth of Chinese pine is controlled primarily by water conditions. The longer chronology had the highest correlation coefficient with the January–September mean self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI); therefore, drought variability was reconstructed for the period 1859–2014. Statistical analysis showed that our model explained 41.9% of the variance in radial growth during the 1951–2014 calibration period. Extreme dry and wet events, defined as the criteria of one standard deviation less or greater than the mean value, accounted for 19.9% and 18.6% of the 156-year climate record, respectively. During the past century, the regional hydroclimate experienced significant long-term fluctuations. The dry periods occurred from the early-1900s–1930s and 1980s–2000s, and the wet periods occurred from the 1940s–1970s. The drought reconstruction was consistent with the decreasing trend of the East Asian summer monsoon since the late 1970s. The reconstructed temporal patterns in hydroclimate in western Liaoning were closely related to the large-scale climate drivers in the North Pacific and the tropical equatorial Pacific. The teleconnections were confirmed by spatial correlations between the reconstructed sequence and sea surface temperature (SST) in the North Pacific, as well as the correlations with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices. Aerosols played an important role in affecting drought variations over the past several decades. Moisture stress caused by global warming and interdecadal changes in the PDO will have long-term effects on the growth of pines in the study area in the future.

Tree-Ring Formation, Radial Increment Periodicity, and Phenology of Tree Species from a Seasonal Semi-Deciduous Forest in Southeast Brazil

IAWA Journal ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio S. Lisi ◽  
Mário Tomazello Fo ◽  
Paulo C. Botosso ◽  
Fidel A. Roig ◽  
Vivian R.B. Maria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Rings ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Southeast Brazil

Many tropical tree species produce growth rings in response to seasonal environmental factors that influence the activity of the vascular cambium. We applied the following methods to analyze the annual nature of treering formation of 24 tree species from a seasonal semi-deciduous forest of southeast Brazil: describing wood anatomy and phenology, counting tree rings after cambium markings, and using permanent dendrometer bands. After 7 years of systematic observations and measurements, we found the following: the trees lost their leaves during the dry season and grew new leaves at the end of the same season; trunk increment dynamics corresponded to seasonal changes in precipitation, with higher increment (active period) during the rainy season (October–April) and lower increment (dormant period) during the dry season (May–September); the number of tree rings formed after injuries to the cambium coincided with the number of years since the extraction of the wood samples. As a result of these observations, it was concluded that most study trees formed one growth ring per year. This suggests that tree species from the seasonal semi-deciduous forests of Brazil have an annual cycle of wood formation. Therefore, these trees have potential for use in future studies of tree age and radial growth rates, as well as to infer ecological and regional climatic conditions. These future studies can provide important information for the management and conservation of these endangered forests.

FEATURES OF THE WATER REGIME IN THE CHERNOZEM UNDER THE STANDS OF POPLAR BIRCH AND ITS REGULATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
S.V. Makarychev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Ecological Balance

Forest stands of the arboretum contribute to the preservation of ecological balance on the territory of Barnaul. It contains a large number of tree species, one of which is poplar birch (Betulapopulifolia). The article shows that over the years of research, the water regime in the Chernozem profile under birch stands remains tense for most of the growing season, so there is a need to use irrigation with different irrigation standards, depending on the emerging hydrological state.

scholarly journals Partitioning mortality into growth-dependent and growth-independent hazards across 203 tropical tree species

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (49) ◽  
pp. 12459-12464 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Camac ◽  
Richard Condit ◽  
Richard G. FitzJohn ◽  
Lachlan McCalman ◽  
Daniel Steinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Barro Colorado Island ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
Variation Explained

Tree death drives population dynamics, nutrient cycling, and evolution within plant communities. Mortality variation across species is thought to be influenced by different factors relative to variation within species. The unified model provided here separates mortality rates into growth-dependent and growth-independent hazards. This model creates the opportunity to simultaneously estimate these hazards both across and within species. Moreover, it provides the ability to examine how species traits affect growth-dependent and growth-independent hazards. We derive this unified mortality model using cross-validated Bayesian methods coupled with mortality data collected over three census intervals for 203 tropical rainforest tree species at Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. We found that growth-independent mortality tended to be higher in species with lower wood density, higher light requirements, and smaller maximum diameter at breast height (dbh). Mortality due to marginal carbon budget as measured by near-zero growth rate tended to be higher in species with lower wood density and higher light demand. The total mortality variation attributable to differences among species was large relative to variation explained by these traits, emphasizing that much remains to be understood. This additive hazards model strengthens our capacity to parse and understand individual-level mortality in highly diverse tropical forests and hence to predict its consequences.

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