scholarly journals Effect of Shelterwood and Clear-Cutting Regeneration Method on Wood Density of Scots Pine

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 868
Author(s):  
Ondřej Schönfelder ◽  
Aleš Zeidler ◽  
Vlastimil Borůvka ◽  
Lukáš Bílek ◽  
Jan Vítámvás
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Uniform Density ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

With the gradual decline in the proportion of spruce as the most important tree species in the Czech Republic, the importance of pine will increase. The test material for this study was selected from two localities with important representation of pure Scots pine stands. Two stands, representing clear-cutting and shelterwood regeneration methods were selected from each locality. In the case of shelterwood method, tree samples from a lower layer were cut down and subsequently evaluated in terms of the impact of the regeneration method on the density of the wood, the density of earlywood and latewood, the proportion of latewood and the width of the annual rings. These qualitative parameters of the wood were compared before and after the release of the parent stand canopy. The clear-cutting regeneration method served as a reference. The values obtained before the release of the parent stand canopy are significantly different from values after its removal (share of latewood 47.7% and 48.1% before the release in contrast to 39.5% and 39.1% after the release for the locality 1 and the locality 2 respectively). The shelterwood regeneration method has not a significant impact on the overall investigated characteristics. Most significant was the impact of the regeneration method on the distribution of properties along the trunk radius, where the shelterwood method shows a uniform density distribution from the pith to the bark. From the view of industry, therefore, it is not important for the final processing which part of the trunk the wood comes from.

scholarly journals Influence of Plantation Establishment on Discharge Characteristics in a Small Catchment of Tropical Forest

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Aisah Shamsuddin ◽  
Zulkifli Yusop ◽  
Shoji Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Water Yield ◽  
Plantation Establishment ◽  
Forest Plantation ◽  
Small Catchment ◽  
Forested Catchment ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hopea Odorata ◽  
The Impact

A study was conducted on the impact of forest clearance on discharge from newly established Hopea odorata plantations catchment (14.4 ha). The stands were two years old when this study commenced in year 2006 and the data collection was carried out for two years. The forested catchment (C3) was clear-cut during the preparation of the forest plantation and catchment C1 was left undisturbed. Discharge and rainfall were measured continuously for two years. The discharge measured from years 1997 to 2003 was used also to determine the water yield before and after forest clear-cut. This study showed that the plantation catchment is more responsive to storm with higher total water yield than in the forested catchment. The effect of forest clear cutting to discharge was clearly shown by the increment in the amount following the clear-cut activities and time taken for the recovery of the discharge back to its original state was almost three years. The peak discharge in C3 also was affected in which the biggest change was obtained during the forest clear-cutting period compared with during calibration and after clearing periods. This study is useful as basis for improving the existing guidelines on forest plantation establishment.

A regional paleolimnological assessment of the impact of clear-cutting on lakes from the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Laird ◽  
Brian Cumming ◽  
Rick Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Diatom Species ◽  
The West ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reference Lakes

The impact of forest harvesting on lakes within the temperate rainforest on the west coast of Vancouver Island was examined in a paleolimnological study of four lakes that had 35–92% of their watersheds progressively clear-cut over a period of 15–30 years (impact lakes) and four lakes that had experienced little or no known anthropogenic disturbance in their watersheds (reference lakes). Changes in diatom species composition and percent organic matter in the 210Pb-dated sediment cores were compared over the last 100 years in each of the impact lakes before and after the onset of forest harvesting, which began in 1950, and before and after 1950 in the four reference lakes. Only one impact lake showed significant changes in percent organic matter. Significant changes (p < 0.05) in species composition following forest harvesting were detected in all four impact lakes and in one of the four reference lakes. However, the changes in diatom species composition following clear-cutting in the impact lakes were small, with changes in the relative abundance of the most common species being maximally 20%, but more typically 3–10%.

scholarly journals Shrinkage of Scots pine wood as an effect of different tree growth rates, a comparison of regeneration methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Schönfelder Ondřej ◽  
Zeidler Aleš ◽  
Borůvka Vlastimil ◽  
Bílek Lukáš ◽  
Lexa Martin
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Regeneration Period ◽  
Site Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

The Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris Linnaeus) is one of the most important commercial tree species in Central Europe, yet we know very little about the variability of its wood properties. The aim of this study is to primarily analyse the impact of different tree growth rates and site characteristics on the shrinkage of Scots pine wood. The investigated forest stands are located at two sites of the Czech Republic that are characteristic for Scots pine silviculture. At each site, sample trees were selected from two stands representing two variants of the silvicultural treatment, i.e. a clear-cutting and shelterwood system with long regeneration period. Wood shrinkage in radial and tangential directions and volumetric shrinkage were determined in accordance with Czech standards. Lower values of shrinkage were found out in forest stands regenerated by the shelterwood method. The wood in the central part of the trunk shows lower shrinkage values than in the basal part in both stands. The unambiguous effect of the horizontal position in the trunk stem was demonstrated in forest stands regenerated by the clear-cutting method, whilst stands regenerated by the shelterwood method showed a more even distribution of shrinkage along the trunk width. Furthermore, it was found that the shrinkage of the Scots pine has a medium dependence on wood density.

scholarly journals Influence of site conditions and silvicultural practice on the wood density of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) – a case study from the Doksy locality, Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 457-462
Author(s):  
Schönfelder Ondřej ◽  
Zeidler Aleš ◽  
Borůvka Vlastimil ◽  
Bílek Lukáš
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Regeneration Period ◽  
Coniferous Tree Species

After spruce, the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris Linnaeus) is the second most important commercial coniferous tree species in the Czech Republic. However, we are finding out that awareness of the variability of properties, and possibilities to affect them, are noticeably small for this type of tree species in our conditions. The goal of this study is to primarily evaluate the importance of site conditions, silvicultural measures and other factors for the density of Scots pine wood in the Doksy locality in the Czech Republic. The Doksy locality is represented by three forest stands with different silvicultural history. Samples were taken from each stand, the basal and central parts of which were subsequently processed for test samples with dimensions of 20 × 20 × 30 mm. Wood density at 12% moisture content was ascertained in the test samples. The highest density value of 0.541 g·cm<sup>–3</sup> was reached in a stand that is regenerated using the shelterwood method with long regeneration period, and the lowest density value of 0.488 g·cm<sup>–3</sup> was recorded in a stand that was regenerated using the clear-cutting method. From a forestry perspective, it can be further stated that the wood density of Scots pine is also affected by the site conditions and position of samples in the trunk.

A regional paleolimnological assessment of the impact of clear-cutting on lakes from the central interior of British Columbia

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Laird ◽  
Brian Cumming
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Diatom Species ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reference Lakes

The impact of forest harvesting on lakes within the central interior of British Columbia was examined in a paleolimnological study of six lakes that had 28–82% of their watersheds clear-cut (impact lakes) and four lakes that had experienced no logging in their watersheds (reference lakes). Changes in diatom species composition and percent organic matter in 210Pb-dated sediment cores were compared over the last 80 years in each of the impact lakes before and after the onset of forest harvesting and, in the reference lakes, before and after 1960 (the average onset of logging in five of the six impact lakes) and before and after 1975 (the onset of logging in one impact lake). Significant changes in species composition of diatoms following forest-harvesting activities were detected in four of the impact lakes and three of the reference lakes; however, the changes in diatom species composition were small, with changes in the relative abundance of the most common species being at most 11%. Significant increases in the percent organic matter after 1960 were found in one impact lake and three reference lakes; again these changes were small, with increases of 2–5%.

scholarly journals The impact of agricultural land afforestation on soil water content in Central Bohemia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Vopravil ◽  
Pavel Formánek ◽  
Darina Heřmanovská ◽  
Tomáš Khel ◽  
Karel Jacko
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Volumetric Water Content ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Impact

In the Czech Republic, the afforestation of agricultural land has been supported by providing subsidies from the government and the European Union. Afforestation of less-productive agricultural land provides many benefits including carbon sequestration, soil erosion control, biodiversity, water retention, cooling, social benefits, decreasing noise and light pollution, increasing air quality, wind speed reduction, oxygen production, wood production and non-wood products. In some aspects, it is possible to produce wood of the same quality on former agricultural land compared to permanent forest land. In this study, we attempted to find out the course of temperatures and volumetric water content as well as some other physical soil properties (at depths of 20, 40 and 60 cm) 9 years after the afforestation of agricultural land (warm, mild dry region of the Czech Republic) with a mixture of broadleaved tree species (Quercus robur L., Quercus rubra L. and Acer platanoides L.) or monospecific Pinus sylvestris L. stand; the study was performed in the period from April to the beginning of November 2020. Concerning the studied physical soil properties, the value of bulk density was higher (and total porosity lower) at a depth of 20 cm in Pinus sylvestris L. compared with agricultural land or the mixture of broadleaves; the water stability of soil aggregates was higher after the afforestation with the mixture of broadleaves. The temperature was lower in the soil of afforested plots (at all studied depths) compared to the agriculturally used land. Differences in rainfall interception, transpiration, soil<br />(and forest floor) properties and other factors could influence the obtained values of water content in the soil of the studied plots. The average volumetric water contents were the highest in the plots with Scots pine (depth of 20 cm) and broadleaves (depth of 40 cm), and on the control plot (depth of 60 cm). The volumetric water content at a soil depth of 20 cm was not significantly (P &gt; 0.05) different when the plot with Scots pine and agriculturally used land were compared. In all other cases and depths, the differences between plots were significant (P &lt; 0.05).

Strategic Role of Zakat in Multidimensional Quality of Life in Sijunjung, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Herlin Hamimi ◽  
Abdul Ghafar Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Hasbi Zaenal
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
Being There ◽  
The Impact

Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam which has a function of faith, social and economic functions. Muslims who can pay zakat are required to give at least 2.5 per cent of their wealth. The problem of poverty prevalent in disadvantaged regions because of the difficulty of access to information and communication led to a gap that is so high in wealth and resources. The instrument of zakat provides a paradigm in the achievement of equitable wealth distribution and healthy circulation. Zakat potentially offers a better life and improves the quality of human being. There is a human quality improvement not only in economic terms but also in spiritual terms such as improving religiousity. This study aims to examine the role of zakat to alleviate humanitarian issues in disadvantaged regions such as Sijunjung, one of zakat beneficiaries and impoverished areas in Indonesia. The researcher attempted a Cibest method to capture the impact of zakat beneficiaries before and after becoming a member of Zakat Community Development (ZCD) Program in material and spiritual value. The overall analysis shows that zakat has a positive impact on disadvantaged regions development and enhance the quality of life of the community. There is an improvement in the average of mustahik household incomes after becoming a member of ZCD Program. Cibest model demonstrates that material, spiritual, and absolute poverty index decreased by 10, 5, and 6 per cent. Meanwhile, the welfare index is increased by 21 per cent. These findings have significant implications for developing the quality of life in disadvantaged regions in Sijunjung. Therefore, zakat is one of the instruments to change the status of disadvantaged areas to be equivalent to other areas.

ANALISIS PENGARUH PEMBANGUNAN JALAN LAYANG JANTI TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN TATA RUANG KAWASAN JANTI STUDI KASUS : KAWASAN JANTI, DESA CATURTUNGGAL, KABUPATEN SLEMAN, D. I. YOGYAKARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Jeky El Boru
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
The Road ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Linkage Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parking Place

Abstract: This research aims to analyze the impact of Janti Flyover Construction toward the growth of layout at Janti Urban Area, including structured space, open space, and linkage. Method used for data collecting are observation, air photograph monitoring, and interview, whereas the analysis method is qualitative description, which is the superimposed method of two layers, that are the layout condition before and after flyover construction. The result shows that the impact of Janti Flyover construction can be seen on building mass (solid), the increasing number of open spaces, including the road network, parking place, and park, whereas the relation between spaces, visually and structurally, can be seen on the growth of buildings which have new shapes and styles, therefore the performance of the overall building does not have a proportional shape. Considering Janti Street at the collective relation, its role is getting stronger as the main frame road network.Keywords: Flyover construction, layout changing, Janti AreaAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pembangunan Jalan Layang Janti terhadap perkembangan tata ruang Kawasan Janti, meliputi ruang terbangun, ruang terbuka, serta hubungan antar ruang (“linkage”). Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, pengamatan foto udara, dan wawancara; sedangkan metode analisis melalui deskripsi secara kualitatif yang berupa “superimposed method” dari dua lapisan kondisi lahan, yakni kondisi tata ruang sebelum dan sesudah pembangunan jalan layang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh pembangunan Jalan Layang Janti terdapat pada massa bangunan (“solid”), pertambahan ruang terbuka yang berupa jaringan jalan, parkir, dan taman; sedangkan pada hubungan antar ruang ̶ secara visual dan struktural ̶ yakni tumbuhnya bangunan dengan bentuk dan gaya baru, sehingga bentuk tampilan bangunan secara keseluruhan tidak proporsional. Pada hubungan kolektif, Jalan Janti semakin kuat perannya sebagai kerangka utama jaringan jalan.Kata kunci : Pembangunan jalan layang, tata ruang, Kawasan Janti

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