scholarly journals Collection of Non-Timber Forest Products in Chinese Giant Panda Reserves: The Effect of Religious Beliefs

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Mingchuan Li ◽  
Boyang Yu ◽  
Bin Zheng ◽  
Lan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Giant Panda ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
Probit Method ◽  
The Individual

Religious belief play an irreplaceable role in the protection of natural resources. This paper explores the influence of religious beliefs on the Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) collection behaviors of farmers, in order to provide new ideas on how to rationally use natural resources for nature reserves. Based on survey data of giant panda reserves in Sichuan and Shaanxi provinces in China, we analyze the differences of NTFPs collection between farmers with or without religious beliefs and those with different religious beliefs. Our results show that: (i) The SUR-Probit method can be used to overcome the endogeneity problem of the model and test the causal effect between religious belief and NTFPs collection; (ii) farmers with religious beliefs collect NTFPs to a lesser extent; and (iii) the collection of NTFPs by farmers with different religious beliefs can be distinguished. The important role of religious belief in the use of natural resources has often been neglected in previous studies. In our research, we find that religious belief can indeed guide the individual choice of resource utilization behavior, to a certain extent, ultimately achieving the mutual co-ordination of ecological protection and economic development, which can also be used as a reference for policy-making.

scholarly journals Utilization of Non Timber Forest Products by Duyoh Community, Bau District, Sarawak, Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlene Alicia Toaiang ◽  
Alexander K Sayok
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Food Preparation ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Edible Species ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products

Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) are natural resources collected from forests apart from timber. The use of NTFPs based on traditional knowledge is widely known among the natives in Borneo including Bidayuh community in Sarawak. An interview was undertaken with the villagers cum vendors at Duyoh Weekend Market along with a brief NTFPs survey at the nearby community forest (CF) recorded 76 NTFPs species belonging to 65 genera from 46 families used by this community.  Of these, 64 species or 84.21% were recorded in the nearby forest while 33 species or 43.42% at the village’s Weekend Market. Based on four major uses, more than 68.0% of them were edible or used in food preparation and 27.6% for medicinal purposes. Only 6 species (7.9%) were used for handicrafts, and was considered the least.  More than 17% were used for various other purposes including as ornamentals. Among the edible species, majority (54%) were fruits. Most (89.2%) of the edible species were also used for medicinal purposes. Most, if not all, households had collected the NTFPs from the forest, but only close to 20% of the village’s household actually sold these products at the village’s Weekend Market earning an average of RM400 to RM640 per month with higher income during fruiting season (October to December) which can reach RM200 per day.  Although majority grew the commonly used plants in their own land, substantial NTFPs (43.4%) sold were collected from the forest. Although this study is very short, at least it gave an idea that NTFPs are being used and its value to the community in terms of income. Thus suggest to have a longer-term study to cover all seasons/periods of the year to understand more on the products being sold and their values. More efforts in conserving the nearby forest is also warranted to ensure a continue supply of  NTFPs for sustainable supply for the present and future community use and to supplement their income.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Impacts of Livelihood from Fuelwood and Timber Consumption on the Sustainability of Forest Environment: Evidence from Basho Valley, Baltistan, Pakistan

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 596
Author(s):  
Saif Ullah ◽  
Rana Shahzad Noor ◽  
Ali Abid ◽  
Richard Mendako Kashinda ◽  
Muhammad Mohsin Waqas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
The Individual

Forests across the world are considered to be a huge socio-economic and environmental benefit to host and adjacent communities. This study focuses on assessing the impacts of fuelwood and timber consumption on the livelihood of households in the Baltistan region in Pakistan. Primary and secondary sources of data were employed for the study. The primary sources involved the use of questionnaire survey and interview while the secondary sources involved the use of documented information in textbooks and internet materials. The study revealed that 82% of the people within the region were involved in agricultural activities, 71% depended on the extraction of forest resources for their livelihood, while 18% depended on off-farm activities for their livelihood. The study also observed that among the number that depended on forest resources for their livelihood, 59% were involved in the extraction of non-timber forest products while 41% were involved in the extraction of timber forest resources. The study further revealed that there was no significant difference in the level of benefits from the forest across the seven districts under investigation with a chi square value. The volume of forest products extraction was found to be high closest to the forest and to be low with increasing distance from the communities. The major benefits from the forest range were due to employment that increases the individual and family income. Forest also helps to control erosion and enhances aesthetic beautification and temperature regulation. The research suggests that the policy makers must provide a sustainable solution to reduce the overexploitation of the forest resources by providing better alternative earning resources to the resident communities.

scholarly journals POTENSI DAN PEMANFAATAN BAMBU TALI (Gigantochloa apus) DI DESA LEU KECAMATAN BOLO KABUPATEN BIMA

PERENNIAL ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Rahmawati Rahmawati ◽  
Baharuddin Baharuddin ◽  
Beta Putranto
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Library Studies ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products

Non-timber forest products are a wealth of natural resources that provide many benefits for the needs of the community around the forest. This study aims to determine the potential and utilization of bamboo in Leu Village in Bolo District, Bima Regency. The usefulness of this research is expected to be an information material for efforts to empower and utilize bamboo optimally and alternatively for the community. This research was conducted in March-April 2018 in Leu Village, Bolo District, Bima Regency. The data collected in this study consists of primary data and secondary data. Primary data is obtained by observing and recording in the field, as well as interviewing the community / respondents who use bamboo plants. Secondary data is collected through library studies sourced from books, journals, and data from relevant agencies. Leu village has the potential of rope bamboo stands (Gigantochloa apus) in Leu Village, Bolo District, Bima Regency, which is relatively low at 3843 stems per ha, with 61 clumps of clumps with an average of 63 clumps. The average bamboo harvested per year is still relatively small at 11.25% of the potential of old bamboo. The form of utilization of bamboo by farmers in addition to being sold is generally used as building materials, handicrafts, and as fences.

Illegal rattan extraction trends in the Ankasa Conservation Area in Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
R. Obour, D. Amankwaa, A. Asare
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
The North ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products

Protected Areas (PAs) are created for the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, but many of Ghana’s PAs are subjectto severe pressures and threats, the main pressures being the illegal extraction of natural resources. Rattans are indisputablyone of the most important Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in Ghana’s Protected Areas that is without doubt one of thereasons for which it has drawn the attention of researchers. In this study the illegal rattan extraction patterns in the AnkasaConservation Area (ACA) in Ghana was inspected. Simple random sampling and Snowball sampling techniques were used. Datacollection employed the use of semi-structured questionnaires, interviews and field enumeration of rattans as well as an analysisof Effective Patrol Man-days (EPMDS) from 2004 to 2012. The results showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.75, p<0.05, r2 = 0.557) between patrol effort and rattan extraction encounters. In addition, there was a general reduction in illegalrattan extraction encounters from 2004 to 2012 at a rate of 4.3 per year. The highest illegal rattan extraction incidences wererecorded in 2006 (76 encounters), 2005 (35 encounters), 2008 (22 encounters), 2004 (18 encounters) and the least incidencewere recorded in both 2010 (3 encounters) and 2011 (3 encounters).The research also revealed that Eremospatha macrocarpawas the most extracted rattan species followed by Laccosperma secundiflorum. The major rattan extraction and trade routesoriginate in the northern parts and in the area east of the reserve and also south of Draw River Forest Reserve. Generally, rattanpoaching in Ankasa Conservation Area has declined, but there are still human incursions in the northern part of the reserve. Thestudy recommended an intensification of patrols in the north of the reserve. Also, enrichment planting and Agroforestry practicesof inter-cropping rattans with seasonal crops should be pursued vigorously for the local communities.

Market Survey of Non-Timber Forest Products in the Sunyani Municipality

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
S.D. Akoto
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
Communal Lands ◽  
Forest Lands

This study sought to: (1) identify the types and sources of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) traded; (2) find the frequencyof the NTFPs trade and (3) identify the challenges in NTFPs trading in the Sunyani Municipality. The survey was carried outfrom February, 2014 to April, 2014 mainly at the Sunyani Central and Nana Bosoma Markets in the Sunyani Municipality. Thetarget population comprised NTFPs collectors (gatherers), sellers and consumers. Respondents were purposively sampled. Atotal of 100 respondents were engaged in this study. The NTFPs were grouped into six categories namely; food, medicine,building materials, packaging materials, artefacts and domestic utensils. Key informants’ interviews were also conducted atthe Sunyani Forest Services Division to triangulate the data already gathered. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was usedto analyze the data obtained. The study demonstrated that domestic utensils (37%), food (33%), medicinal products (12%),packaging materials (9%), artefacts (6%) and building materials (3%) were the types of NTFPs traded in the two market centers.The results also showed that majority of the respondents (77%) harvest their NTFPs from forest lands as against 23% whoharvest from communal lands. A significant proportion of the respondents (52%) traded in above 40 kg of NTFPs and only 4%were seen trading in 10 kg of NTFPs. The study further highlighted that food (28%) and domestic utensils (26%) were regularlybrought to the market centers on weekly basis whilst significant proportions of medicinal products (9%), building materials(3%) and artefacts (4%) were brought to the market venues on monthly basis. Cumbersome permit procedure (40%), increasedmarket demand (15%) and financial constraints (20%) were identified as some of the challenges encountered in NTFPs tradingin the Sunyani Municipality. To ensure strict monitoring and sustainability of the resource, there is the need for sensitizationprogramme on the importance of NTFPs in rural livelihood and why their conservation is vital in meeting the needs of thepresent generation whilst not undermining their potential in supplying the needs of future generations.

Insubstantial Burdens

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Vallier ◽  
Michael Weber
Keyword(s):  
Religious Belief ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Religious Freedom Restoration Act ◽  
The Government ◽  
A Minor

This chapter articulates and defends a “partially subjectivist” way of defining burdens on religious belief under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA). On this view, courts should largely defer to plaintiffs as to what is a burden on their religious belief. There is only a minor requirement that the plaintiffs have to satisfy, which is to show that the government is doing something that pressures them to act in a way contrary to their beliefs—a relatively easy hurdle to clear. In general, courts are ill-equipped to determine what people’s religious beliefs really are, and this extends to determining when those beliefs are substantially burdened. More strongly, there is a tradition that says evaluating when people’s religious beliefs are burdened is really none of the court’s business. The partially subjectivist view honors these principles.

scholarly journals Implications of Governance, Natural Resources, and Security Threats on Economic Development: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6236
Author(s):  
Husam Rjoub ◽  
Chuka Uzoma Ifediora ◽  
Jamiu Adetola Odugbesan ◽  
Benneth Chiemelie Iloka ◽  
João Xavier Rita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Sub Saharan

Sub-Saharan African countries are known to be bedeviled with some challenges hindering the economic development. Meanwhile, some of these issues have not been exhaustively investigated in the context of the region. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the implications of government effectiveness, availability of natural resources, and security threats on the regions’ economic development. Yearly data, spanning from 2007 to 2020, was converted from low frequency (yearly) to high frequency (quarterly) and utilized. Data analysis was conducted using Dynamic heterogeneous panel level estimators (PMG and CS-ARDL). Findings show that while PMG estimator confirms a long-run causal effect of governance, natural resources, and security threats on economic development, only natural resources show a short-run causal effect with economic development, while the CS-ARDL (model 2) confirms the significance of all the variables both in the long and short-run. Moreover, the ECT coefficients for both models were found to be statistically significant at less than 1% significance level, which indicates that the systems return back to equilibrium in case of a shock that causes disequilibrium, and in addition, reveals a stable long-run cointegration among the variables in the model. Finally, this study suggests that the policy makers in SSA countries should place more emphasis on improving governance, managing security challenges, and effectively utilizing rents from the natural resources, as all these have severe implications for the economic development of the region if not addressed.

Recognized but not supported: Assessing the incorporation of non-timber forest products into Mexican forest policy

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzitzi Sharhí Delgado ◽  
Michael Keith McCall ◽  
Citlalli López-Binqüist
Keyword(s):  
Forest Policy ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products
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