scholarly journals NutSpaFHy—A Distributed Nutrient Balance Model to Predict Nutrient Export from Managed Boreal Headwater Catchments

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 808
Author(s):  
Annamari Lauren ◽  
Mingfu Guan ◽  
Aura Salmivaara ◽  
Antti Leinonen ◽  
Marjo Palviainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peat Soil ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Nutrient Export ◽  
Forested Catchments ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Body Location ◽  
Water Courses ◽  
Harvest Techniques

Responsible forest management requires accounting for adverse environmental effects, such as increased nutrient export to water courses. We constructed a spatially-distributed nutrient balance model NutSpaFHy that extends the hydrological model SpaFHy by introducing a grid-based nutrient balance sub-model and a conceptual solute transport routine to approximate total nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) export to streams. NutSpaFHy uses openly-available Multi-Source National Forest Inventory data, soil maps, topographic databases, location of water bodies, and meteorological variables as input, and computes nutrient processes in monthly time-steps. NutSpaFHy contains two calibrated parameters both for N and P, which were optimized against measured N and P concentrations in runoff from twelve forested catchments distributed across Finland. NutSpaFHy was independently tested against six catchments. The model produced realistic nutrient exports. For one catchment, we simulated 25 scenarios, where clear-cuts were located differently with respect to distance to water body, location on mineral or peat soil, and on sites with different fertility. Results indicate that NutSpaFHy can be used to identify current and future nutrient export hot spots, allowing comparison of logging scenarios with variable harvesting area, location and harvest techniques, and to identify acceptable scenarios that preserve the wood supply whilst maintaining acceptable level of nutrient export.

scholarly journals GlobWat – a global water balance model to assess water use in irrigated agriculture

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 801-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hoogeveen ◽  
J.-M. Faurès ◽  
L. Peiser ◽  
J. Burke ◽  
N. van de Giesen
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Water Balance Model ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Global Water

Abstract. GlobWat is a freely distributed, global soil water balance model that is used by FAO to assess water use in irrigated agriculture; the main factor behind scarcity of freshwater in an increasing number of regions. The model is based on spatially distributed high resolution datasets that are consistent at global level and calibrated against values for Internal Renewable Water Resources, as published in AQUASTAT, FAO's global information system on water and agriculture. Validation of the model is done against mean annual river basin outflows. The water balance is calculated in two steps: first a "vertical" water balance is calculated that includes evaporation from in situ rainfall ("green" water) and incremental evaporation from irrigated crops. In a second stage, a "horizontal" water balance is calculated to determine discharges from river (sub-)basins, taking into account incremental evaporation from irrigation, open water and wetlands ("blue" water). The paper describes methodology, input and output data, calibration and validation of the model. The model results are finally compared with other global water balance models.

scholarly journals Bayesian calibration of a carbon balance model PREBAS using data from permanent growth experiments and national forest inventory

2019 ◽  
Vol 440 ◽  
pp. 208-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Minunno ◽  
Mikko Peltoniemi ◽  
Sanna Härkönen ◽  
Tuomo Kalliokoski ◽  
Harri Makinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Bayesian Calibration ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Growth Experiments

scholarly journals GEO-CWB: GIS-Based Algorithms for Parametrising the Responses of Catchment Dynamic Water Balance Regarding Climate and Land Use Changes

Hydrology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salem S. Gharbia ◽  
Laurence Gill ◽  
Paul Johnston ◽  
Francesco Pilla
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Hydrological System

Parametrising the spatially distributed dynamic catchment water balance is a critical factor in studying the hydrological system responses to climate and land use changes. This study presents the development of a geographic information system (GIS)-based set of algorithms (geographical spatially distributed water balance model (GEO-CWB)), which is developed from integrating physical, statistical, and machine learning models. The GEO-CWB tool has been developed to simulate and predict future spatially distributed dynamic water balance using GIS environment at the catchment scale in response to the future changes in climate variables and land use through a user-friendly interface. The tool helps in bridging the gap in quantifying the high-resolution dynamic water balance components for the large catchments by reducing the computational costs. Also, this paper presents the application and validation of GEO-CWB on the Shannon catchment in Ireland as an example of a large and complicated hydrological system. It can be concluded that climate and land use changes have significant effects on the spatial and temporal patterns of the different water balance components of the catchment.

scholarly journals Estimation of actual evapotranspiration of Mediterranean perennial crops by means of remote-sensing based surface energy balance models

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1061-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Minacapilli ◽  
C. Agnese ◽  
F. Blanda ◽  
C. Cammalleri ◽  
G. Ciraolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Surface Energy Balance ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Energy Balance Models

Abstract. Actual evapotranspiration from typical Mediterranean crops has been assessed in a Sicilian study area by using surface energy balance (SEB) and soil-water balance models. Both modelling approaches use remotely sensed data to estimate evapotranspiration fluxes in a spatially distributed way. The first approach exploits visible (VIS), near-infrared (NIR) and thermal (TIR) observations to solve the surface energy balance equation whereas the soil-water balance model uses only VIS-NIR data to detect the spatial variability of crop parameters. Considering that the study area is characterized by typical spatially sparse Mediterranean vegetation, i.e. olive, citrus and vineyards, alternating bare soil and canopy, we focused the attention on the main conceptual differences between one-source and two-sources energy balance models. Two different models have been tested: the widely used one-source SEBAL model, where soil and vegetation are considered as the sole source (mostly appropriate in the case of uniform vegetation coverage) and the two-sources TSEB model, where soil and vegetation components of the surface energy balance are treated separately. Actual evapotranspiration estimates by means of the two surface energy balance models have been compared vs. the outputs of the agro-hydrological SWAP model, which was applied in a spatially distributed way to simulate one-dimensional water flow in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. Remote sensing data in the VIS and NIR spectral ranges have been used to infer spatially distributed vegetation parameters needed to set up the upper boundary condition of SWAP. Actual evapotranspiration values obtained from the application of the soil water balance model SWAP have been considered as the reference to be used for energy balance models accuracy assessment. Airborne hyperspectral data acquired during a NERC (Natural Environment Research Council, UK) campaign in 2005 have been used. The results of this investigation seem to prove a slightly better agreement between SWAP and TSEB for some fields of the study area. Further investigations are programmed in order to confirm these indications.

scholarly journals Hydromorphological analysis and water balance modelling of ombro- and mesotrophic peatlands

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Edom ◽  
A. Münch ◽  
I. Dittrich ◽  
K. Keßler ◽  
R. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Parameter Calibration ◽  
Depth Functions ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Well Depth ◽  
Drainable Porosity

Abstract. The hydromorphological analysis (HMA) is a method to quantify the potentials of mire revitalisation. In this study, the HMA is combined with the new peatland-tool of the water balance model AKWA-M®. This peatland-tool includes as well depth functions of the hydraulic conductivity and drainable porosity for several mire-ecotope-types as specific equations for mire evapotranspiration. The calculations were applied in several peatlands and mires of the German-Czech Ore Mountains (Erzgebirge/Krušné hory). The simulation results show that the chosen depth functions are valuable for the water balance calculation of mire ecotopes with a fully developed akrotelm like ombro- and mesotrophic peatlands. For degenerated peat soil or regenerating mires it is necessary to improve the model and the parameter calibration, especially the depth functions, with additional measured data in different peatlands.

scholarly journals Inferring Soil Moisture Memory from Streamflow Observations Using a Simple Water Balance Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1773-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rene Orth ◽  
Randal D. Koster ◽  
Sonia I. Seneviratne
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Water Balance Model ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Optimized Model ◽  
Streamflow Data

Abstract Soil moisture is known for its integrative behavior and resulting memory characteristics. Soil moisture anomalies can persist for weeks or even months into the future, making initial soil moisture a potentially important contributor to skill in weather forecasting. A major difficulty when investigating soil moisture and its memory using observations is the sparse availability of long-term measurements and their limited spatial representativeness. In contrast, there is an abundance of long-term streamflow measurements for catchments of various sizes across the world. The authors investigate in this study whether such streamflow measurements can be used to infer and characterize soil moisture memory in respective catchments. Their approach uses a simple water balance model in which evapotranspiration and runoff ratios are expressed as simple functions of soil moisture; optimized functions for the model are determined using streamflow observations, and the optimized model in turn provides information on soil moisture memory on the catchment scale. The validity of the approach is demonstrated with data from three heavily monitored catchments. The approach is then applied to streamflow data in several small catchments across Switzerland to obtain a spatially distributed description of soil moisture memory and to show how memory varies, for example, with altitude and topography.

Commercial wheat fertilization based on nitrogen nutrition index and yield forecast

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Plaza ◽  
María Calera ◽  
Jaime Campoy ◽  
Anna Osann ◽  
Alfonso Calera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Yield Forecast ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition Index ◽  
The Relationship

<p>This work describes the practical application on commercial wheat plots of the methodology developed and evaluated in Albacete, Spain, in the framework of the project FATIMA (http://fatima-h2020.eu/). The application considers two different methodologies for the prescription of nitrogen management prior to the flowering season, based on the diagnosis of crop nitrogen status based on nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) maps and the yield forecast spatially distributed. The NNI is the ratio between the actual nitrogen concentration (Na) over the critical nitrogen concentration (Nc) for the crop analysed (Justes et al 1997). The nitrogen uptake was determined from relationship between Nc and biomass, where biomass was estimated by a crop growth model based on the water productivity. The Na was derived from the relationship between the amount of nitrogen in the canopy, estimated from spectral vegetation index based on the Red-edge and the biomass. The knowledge about the NNI allows fertilizing at critical moments throughout the wheat campaign. The NNI maps for the analysed plots, were obtained throughout wheat development to flowering, of eight dates in the study campaign. The yield forecast is calculated through the relationship between biomass and the harvest index. The spatially distributed yield relies in the use of management zone maps (MZM) based on temporal series of remote sensing data. The MZMs were calculated for pre-flowering state to estimate yield, and capture the within-field variability of wheat production. Thus, the classical N balance model is used to calculate the N requirements at pixel scale, varying the target yield according to the MZM. The practical application was made in wheat commercial plots in the study area, analysing the performance of the proposed nitrogen fertilization strategies. The results indicated the possible optimization of the N application, maintaining or increasing the wheat productivity and reaching the higher levels of protein content in the area.</p><p>Keywords: Remote sensing, wheat, biomass, nitrogen nutrition index (NNI), fertilization.</p>

A nutrient balance model (NuBalM) to predict biomass and nitrogen pools in Pinus radiata forests

2011 ◽  
Vol 262 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simeon J. Smaill ◽  
Peter W. Clinton ◽  
Barbara K. Höck
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Nitrogen Pools

scholarly journals Calibration and Validation of a Distributed Energy–Water Balance Model Using Satellite Data of Land Surface Temperature and Ground Discharge Measurements

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 376-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Corbari ◽  
Marco Mancini
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Equilibrium Temperature ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Vegetation Parameters ◽  
Discharge Measurements ◽  
Surface Temperature Data

Abstract Distributed hydrological models of energy and mass balance need as inputs many soil and vegetation parameters, which are usually difficult to define. This paper will try to approach this problem by performing a pixel to pixel calibration procedure of soil hydraulic and vegetation parameters based on satellite land surface temperature data as a complementary method to the traditional calibration with ground discharge measurements at river control cross sections. These analyses are performed for the upper Po River basin (Italy) closed at the river cross section of Ponte della Becca with a total catchment area of about 38 000 km2, for a calibration period from 2000 to 2003, and a validation period from 2004 to 2010. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature data and a distributed hydrological model, Flash-Flood Event-Based Spatially Distributed Rainfall-Runoff Transformation Energy Water Balance model (FEST-EWB), that solves the system of energy and mass balance equations as a function of the representative equilibrium temperature will be used. This equilibrium surface temperature is comparable to the land surface temperature as retrieved from operational remote sensing data. Results suggest that a combined calibration based on satellite land surface temperature and ground discharge is needed to correctly reproduce volume discharge and also spatially distributed maps of representative equilibrium temperature and evapotranspiration. Improvements of about 10 mm/8 days are obtained on evapotranspiration from the model calibrated with Q and land surface temperature (LST) respect to the calibration based only on discharge.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document