scholarly journals Differential Responses of Soil Bacterial and Fungal Community to Short-Term Crop Tree Management in a Larix gmelinii Plantation

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1411
Author(s):  
Li Ji ◽  
Jiangbo Yu ◽  
Xingzhe Zhang ◽  
Yue Liu ◽  
Lixue Yang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Dissolved Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Larix Gmelinii ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Bacterial

Crop tree management (CTM) is a widely applicable silviculture technology that is used to improve the performance of individual trees. However, only little information is available about the effects of the CTM regime on the soil microbial community structure. We conducted a study to explore the effects of short-term (five years) CTM on the soil bacterial and fungal diversity, community composition, and structure in the 0–10 cm soil layer in a Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen. plantation. We set out to investigate the differential response of bacterial and fungal communities to variations in soil properties mediated by short-term CTM. Compared with the control plots, the soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen in CTM increased significantly by 64.2% and 32.3%, respectively. CTM significantly promoted the content of soil organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, and nitrate nitrogen, and reduced the content of dissolved organic nitrogen. CTM changed the Shannon and Simpson indices of soil fungi to a remarkable extent but had little effect on the α diversity of bacterial communities. The bacterial β diversity was more sensitive to CTM than fungi. The relative abundance of Verrucomicrobiae (the dominant class of soil bacteria) in CTM was significantly increased by 78.2%, while the relative abundance of Agaricomycetes (dominant class for soil fungi) was reduced by 43.3%. We observed a significantly increased number of unique OTUs for soil fungi in the CTM plots. Redundancy analysis showed that dissolved organic carbon, soil moisture, and total phosphorus content significantly affected the composition of bacterial communities, while soil dissolved organic nitrogen, C/N, and total phosphorus drove the high variation in fungal community composition. Overall, our results emphasize the divergent response of soil bacterial and fungal communities in Larix gmelinii plantations to short-term CTM. We must pay more attention to the functional role of soil microbiota in future forest management.

scholarly journals Net accumulation and flux of dissolved organic carbon and dissolved organic nitrogen in marine plankton communities

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1097-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Søndergaard ◽  
Peter J. le B. Williams ◽  
Gustave Cauwet ◽  
Bo Riemann ◽  
Carol Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Marine Plankton ◽  
Plankton Communities

Dissolved organic carbon and dissolved organic nitrogen concentrations and exports upstream and downstream of the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolis, Texas, USA

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Aitkenhead-Peterson ◽  
M. K. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Dissolved Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Fort Worth ◽  
Sewage Discharge ◽  
Effluent Discharge

Concentrations and export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) from terrestrial landscapes to near-coastal zones vary with land use. Information on (DOC) and (DON) concentrations and exports from urban ecosystems is sparse; thus, their source from within urbanised watersheds such as soil or vegetation or from permitted sewage discharge is unknown. We examined DOC and DON concentrations and exports in four gauged subwatersheds in the humid subtropical, upper Trinity River basin, upstream and downstream of the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolis in Texas, USA. Annual average DOC concentrations ranged from 5.7±0.4 to 6.4±0.8mgL–1 and DON concentrations ranged from 0.31±0.05 to 0.33±0.14mgL–1. Dissolved organic carbon exports, which included permitted sewage discharge, ranged from 522kgkm–2 year–1 above Dallas–Fort Worth to 3637kgkm–2 year–1 below Dallas–Fort Worth. Permitted effluent discharge contributed between 1 and 35% of DOC loading above and below the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolis. DON exports ranged from 27 to 179kgkm–2 year–1 above and below Dallas–Fort Worth respectively. There was difficulty apportioning permitted effluent-discharge contribution to DON because of the transformations among nitrogen-species. A moderate but significant relationship was found between DOC and sodium concentrations (R2=0.45; P<0.0001; n=40) and between DOC and potassium concentrations (R2=0.45; P<0.0001; n=40). Dissolved organic nitrogen also displayed a significant relationship with sodium (R2=0.33; P<0.001; n=40) and potassium (R2=0.59; P<0.001; n=40), suggesting that increases in these cations to aquatic ecosystems may induce increases in DOC and DON concentrations. Although DOC export was significantly correlated with medium-density urban land use (r=0.96; P<0.05: n=4), DON export was not (r=0.93; P>0.05; n=4), suggesting that land-management practices and permitted point-source discharges have a significant effect on aquatic DOC and DON concentrations and exports derived from urban watersheds.

scholarly journals Fast response of fungal and prokaryotic communities to climate change manipulation in two contrasting tundra soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Voříšková ◽  
Bo Elberling ◽  
Anders Priemé
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Tundra Soils ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Climate Manipulation

Abstract Background Climate models predict substantial changes in temperature and precipitation patterns across Arctic regions, including increased winter precipitation as snow in the near future. Soil microorganisms are considered key players in organic matter decomposition and regulation of biogeochemical cycles. However, current knowledge regarding their response to future climate changes is limited. Here, we explore the short-term effect of increased snow cover on soil fungal, bacterial and archaeal communities in two tundra sites with contrasting water regimes in Greenland. In order to assess seasonal variation of microbial communities, we collected soil samples four times during the plant-growing season. Results The analysis revealed that soil microbial communities from two tundra sites differed from each other due to contrasting soil chemical properties. Fungal communities showed higher richness at the dry site whereas richness of prokaryotes was higher at the wet tundra site. We demonstrated that fungal and bacterial communities at both sites were significantly affected by short-term increased snow cover manipulation. Our results showed that fungal community composition was more affected by deeper snow cover compared to prokaryotes. The fungal communities showed changes in both taxonomic and ecological groups in response to climate manipulation. However, the changes were not pronounced at all sampling times which points to the need of multiple sampling in ecosystems where environmental factors show seasonal variation. Further, we showed that effects of increased snow cover were manifested after snow had melted. Conclusions We demonstrated rapid response of soil fungal and bacterial communities to short-term climate manipulation simulating increased winter precipitation at two tundra sites. In particular, we provide evidence that fungal community composition was more affected by increased snow cover compared to prokaryotes indicating fast adaptability to changing environmental conditions. Since fungi are considered the main decomposers of complex organic matter in terrestrial ecosystems, the stronger response of fungal communities may have implications for organic matter turnover in tundra soils under future climate.

scholarly journals Plant Biomass and Soil Nutrients Mainly Explain the Variation of Soil Microbial Communities during Secondary Succession on the Loess Plateau

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao-Ping Xu ◽  
Jia-Yi Wang ◽  
Xin-Hui Han ◽  
Cheng-Jie Ren ◽  
Gai-He Yang
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
Soil Bacterial

Abstract Soil microorganisms play an important role in the circulation of materials and nutrients between plants and soil ecosystems, but the drivers of microbial community composition and diversity remain uncertain in different vegetation restoration patterns. We studied soil physicochemical properties (i.e., soil moisture, bulk density, pH, soil nutrients, available nutrients), plant characteristics (i.e., Shannon index [HPlant] and Richness index [SPlant], litter biomass [LB], and fine root biomass [FRB]), and microbial variables (biomass, enzyme activity, diversity and composition of bacterial and fungal communities) in different plant succession patterns (Robinia pseudoacacia [MF], Caragana korshinskii [SF] and grassland [GL]) on the Loess Plateau. The herb communities, soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities were strongly affected by vegetation restoration. And soil bacterial and fungal communities were significantly different from each other at the sites. Furthermore, LB and FRB were significantly positively correlated with SBacteria, soil microbial biomass, enzyme activities, Proteobacteria, Zygomycota and Cercozoa, while negatively correlated with Actinobacteria and Basidiomycota. In addition, soil water content (SW), pH and nutrients have important effects on the bacterial and fungal diversities, Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Nitrospirae, Zygomycota and microbial biomass. Furthermore, plant characteristics and soil properties modulated the composition and diversity of soil microorganisms, respectively. Overall, the relative contribution of vegetation and soil to the diversity and composition of soil bacterial and fungal communities illustrated that plant characteristics and soil properties may synergistically modulate soil microbial communities. And soil bacterial and fungal communities mainly depend on plant biomass and soil nutrients.

scholarly journals Activation of the SA-Associated Plant Defense Pathway Alters the Composition of Soil Bacterial Communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Peter G.L. Klinkhamer ◽  
Klaas Vrieling ◽  
T. Martijn Bezemer
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Bacterial ◽  
Sa Signaling

Abstract Background and aimsMany plant species grow better in sterilized than in live soil. Foliar application of SA mitigates this negative effect of live soil on the growth of the plant Jacobaea vulgaris. To examine what causes the positive effect of SA application on plant growth in live soils, we analyzed the effects of SA application on the composition of active rhizosphere bacteria in the live soil. Methods We studied this over four consecutive plant cycles (generations), using mRNA sequencing of the microbial communities in the rhizosphere of J. vulgaris. ResultsOur study shows that the composition of the rhizosphere bacterial communities of J. vulgaris greatly differed among generations. Application of SA resulted in both increases and decreases in a number of active bacterial genera in the rhizosphere soil, but the genera that were affected by the treatment differed among generations. In the first generation, there were no genera that were significantly affected by the SA treatment, indicating that induction of the SA defense pathway in plants does not lead to immediate changes in the soil microbial community. 89 species out of the total 270 (32.4%) were present in all generations in all soils of SA-treated and control plants suggesting that these make up the “core” microbiome. On average in each generation, 72.9% of all genera were present in both soils. Application of SA to plants significantly up-regulated genera of Caballeronia, unclassified Cytophagaceae, Crinalium and Candidatus Thermofonsia Clade 2, and down-regulated genera of Thermomicrobiales, unclassified Rhodobacterales, Paracoccus and Flavihumibacter. While the functions of many of these bacteria are poorly understood, bacteria of the genus Caballeronia play an important role in fixing nitrogen and promoting plant growth, and hence this suggests that activation of the SA signaling pathway in J. vulgaris plants may select for bacterial genera that are beneficial to the plant. ConclusionsOverall, our study shows that aboveground activation of defenses in the plant affects soil microbial communities and, as soil microbes can greatly influence plant performance, this implies that induction of plant defenses can lead to complex above-belowground feedbacks. Further studies should examine how activation of the SA signaling pathway in the plant changes the functional genes of the rhizosphere soil bacterial community.

scholarly journals Micro-aggregation of a pristine grassland soil selects for bacterial and fungal communities and changes in nitrogen cycling potentials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Keuschnig ◽  
Jean Martins ◽  
Aline Navel ◽  
Pascal Simonet ◽  
Catherine Larose
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Supernatant Fraction ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbial Analysis

Microbial analysis at the micro scale of soil is essential to the overall understanding of microbial organization and interactions, and necessary for a better understanding of soil ecosystem functioning. While bacterial communities have been extensively described, little is known about the organization of fungal communities as well as functional potentials at scales relevant to microbial interactions. Fungal and bacterial communities and changes in nitrogen cycling potentials in the pristine Rothamsted Park Grass soil (bulk soil) as well as in its particle size sub-fractions (PSFs; > 250 µm, 250-63 µm, 63-20 µm, 20-2 µm, < 2 µm and supernatant) were studied. The potential for nitrogen reduction was found elevated in bigger aggregates. The relative abundance of Basidiomycota deceased with decreasing particle size, Ascomycota showed an increase and Mucoromycota became more prominent in particles less than 20 µm. Bacterial community structures changed below 20 µm at the scale where microbes operate.Strikingly, only members of two bacterial and one fungal phyla (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota and Ascomycota, respectively) were washed-off the soil during fractionation and accumulated in the supernatant fraction where most of the detected bacterial genera (e.g., Pseudomonas, Massilia, Mucilaginibacter, Edaphobaculum, Duganella, Janthinobacterium and Variovorax) were previously associated with exopolysaccharide production and biofilm formation.Overall, the applied method shows potential to study soil microbial communities at micro scales which might be useful in studies focusing on the role of specific fungal taxa in soil structure formation as well as research on how and by whom biofilm-like structures are distributed and organized in soil.

scholarly journals Tillage practices and residue management manipulate soil bacterial and fungal assembly and co-occurrence network patterns in maize agroecosystem

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yang ◽  
Yupeng Guan ◽  
Cheng Zhai ◽  
Lin Du ◽  
Yanxiang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Deep Tillage ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Soil Bacterial ◽  
Network Patterns ◽  
Residue Retention

Abstract Background: Tillage practices and residue management are highly important agricultural practices. However, very few studies have examined the influence of tillage practices and residue management on both bacterial and fungal communities and network patterns in consecutive years. Results: We examined the effects of different tillage practices, including no tillage, rotary tillage, and deep tillage, on the soil bacterial and fungal communities and co-occurrence networks following residue removal and residue retention in 2017 and 2018. This study showed that both bacterial and fungal communities were unaffected by tillage practices in 2017, but they were significantly influenced in 2018. In addition, soil fungal operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness was significantly enhanced by deep tillage compared with no tillage in 2018, while bacterial OTU richness was unaffected in either year. Tillage practices had differing effects on the soil microbial network patterns, with rotary and deep tillage increasing the complexity of bacterial networks but simplifying fungal networks. However, residue retention only induced a shift in the fungal community in 2018 without an obvious effect in the bacterial community in both years. In addition, residue retention simplified soil bacterial and fungal networks in 2018. Conclusions: This study highlighted the dissimilar responses of bacterial and fungal networks to tillage practices and emphasized that tillage practice is more important than residue management in shaping soil microbial communities.

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