scholarly journals Changes in Soil Physical and Chemical Properties during Vegetation Succession on Miyake-jima Island

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1435
Author(s):  
Xinhao Peng ◽  
Kenji Tamura ◽  
Maki Asano ◽  
Aya Takano ◽  
Minami Kawagoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Vegetation Succession ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Succession Processes

The bare lands formed after volcanic eruptions provide an excellent opportunity to study the interactions between vegetation succession and soil formation. To explore the changes in soil physicochemical properties in the vegetation succession processes and the relationship between them, soil physicochemical properties of different volcanic ash accumulation on Miyake-jima Island were studied at different vegetation succession stages. The results showed that soil bulk density gradually decreased and that soil porosity, soil water content (SWC), pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil total organic carbon (TOC), and total nitrogen (TN) increased significantly with vegetation succession. The physicochemical properties changes in the soil surface horizon were most obvious, and the deep soil accumulated a large amount of relatively stable soil carbon and nitrogen. The forest land formed a thicker organic matter horizon, accumulating more carbon and nitrogen than grassland, and the soil quality index (SQI) was higher than that of grassland and shrubland. In conclusion, our research indicates the significant change in soil physicochemical properties and the improvement in soil quality in the vegetation succession processes, emphasizing a significant relationship between vegetation succession and soil development in bare land.

scholarly journals Short-Term Effects of Different Straw Returning Methods on the Soil Physicochemical Properties and Quality Index in Dryland Farming in NE China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2631
Author(s):  
Wei Fan ◽  
Jinggui Wu ◽  
Sharaf Ahmed ◽  
Juan Hu ◽  
Xiaodong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Ne China ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
Straw Return

A field experiment was designed to assess the impacts of various maize straw (stover) returning methods on the basic soil physicochemical properties and soil quality index in Jilin (NE China). The five treatments were no return of straw residues (CK), straw incorporated evenly into the soil using the crashing-ridging technique (EIS), straw mulching (SM), straw plowed into the soil (SP), and straw returned in granulated form (SG). Relative to the no straw return, EIS effectively reduced soil bulk density and penetration resistance, increased soil total organic carbon (TOC), macroaggregate-associated carbon content, and the accumulation of soil humus. Furthermore, EIS improved soil structure and soil aggregate stability and significantly increased the soil quality index. Among the various straw returning treatments, SM and SG significantly promoted soil macroaggregation and increased macroaggregate-associated carbon content by 23.69% and 21.70% at the soil surface, respectively (as compared with the control). Compared to SM, SP, and SG, EIS significantly enhanced the aliphaticity and hydrophobicity of soil organic carbon. These results suggested that EIS was the most efficient straw return mode to increase TOC and improve soil structure and fertility.

scholarly journals Comparison of Microbial Gene Diversity in Grassland Topsoil Depending on Soil Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9569
Author(s):  
Siwon Lee ◽  
Heejung Kim ◽  
Jae E Yang ◽  
Han-Sun Ryu ◽  
Jinah Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Reliable Index ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
Soil Quality Assessment

Soil has multiple functions, including the provision of habitat to organisms, and most biological activities occur in the surface soil. Due to the negative effects of soil erosion, efforts for soil conservation are being made, including the development of a reliable index that can help assess soil quality. In this study, the physical and chemical properties and biological genes from grassland topsoil were analyzed, in order to identify surface soil organism markers that could be used as a soil quality index. Six spots of grassland topsoil were analyzed, one high-quality and five low-quality, based on a web-based soil quality assessment module. Consequently, eukaryotes and prokaryotes with different soil quality ratios were compared and examined. The following bacteria and archaea have the potential to be used in soil quality assessment: circulation of materials including nitrogen, Nitrospira spp., Candidatus Nitrososphaera, and Candidatus Nitrosotalea; biological purification, Geobacter spp.; pathogens, Burkholderia spp., Paraburkholderia spp., Pseudomonas brassicacearum, and Rhizobacter spp.; antibiotic secretion, Candidatus Udaeobacter; and material degradation Steroidobacter spp. and Rhodanobacter spp. This study provides primary data for identifying biological markers for soil quality evaluation. In the future, a wider variety of data need to be accumulated to develop a highly reliable index related to soil quality.

scholarly journals Soil attributes and quality under treated domestic sewage irrigation in sugarcane

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo A. A. Barbosa ◽  
Edson E. Matsura ◽  
Leonardo N. S. dos Santos ◽  
Aline A. Nazário ◽  
Ivo Z. Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Surface Reservoir

ABSTRACT Using domestic sewage to irrigate and supply nutrients to plants is a sustainable practice; however, due to the physical and chemical properties of the domestic sewage, soil attributes and quality may be changed with its application. The aim of this study was to evaluate soil quality after two cycles of sugarcane irrigated with treated domestic sewage and surface reservoir water via subsurface drip irrigation, with and without nutritional supplementation by fertigation, and a non-irrigated control with top-dressing fertilization. Soil quality was established by applying the methodology proposed by Karlen & Stott. Physical, chemical and microbiological indicators were selected to compose the basic soil functions used to determine the quality index. Application of treated domestic sewage with fertigation increased soil electrical conductivity, Na+ content and exchangeable sodium percentage. Reservoir water applications with fertigation increased microbial biomass carbon and reduced the metabolic quotient, besides promoting significant effects on soil acidification indicators in comparison to reservoir water irrigation without fertigation. Despite the alteration of some soil attributes, no significant changes in the soil quality index were observed among the treatments.

scholarly journals Impact of Small-Scale Mining Activities on Physicochemical Properties of Soils in Dunkwa East Municipality of Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Paul K. Essandoh ◽  
Mohammed Takase ◽  
Isaac Mbir Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Fallow Period ◽  
Physicochemical Properties Of Soils

The quality of soils in rehabilitated small-scale mined sites needs thorough investigation since a lot of changes do occur. The study assessed the impacts of small-scale mining activities on concentration and distribution of soil physicochemical properties and heavy metals. The soil samples were collected from 120 (50 m × 50 m) plots. The concentrations of soil physicochemical properties (Ca, Mg, Na, N, P, K, and OC and EC) varied significantly ( p  < 0.05) between unmined and mined soils. However, there were no statistically, significant differences ( p  < 0.05) observed in the concentrations of Cd, Hg, Pb, As, and Cu between the unmined and mined soils. Despite the generally poor (33.8%) soil quality in the study area, mining activities further reduced it by 24.2%. Soils from mined sites with unfilled/partially filled pits had higher levels of K, Mg, and Na. As mined sites fallow period increased, concentrations of OC and Cd increased, while Ca, Mg, pH, Cu, Pb, and As and value of EC decreased. The number of years that mined land remained fallow, and whether the pits were filled or unfilled during this period should be factored into the mined land rehabilitation processes.

scholarly journals Vegetation fires in temperate upland heaths: environmental impacts, recovery, and management implications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ashleigh R Harper
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Vegetation Community

The impacts of wildfires are diverse and highly variable dependent on location, habitat type, site conditions and fire severity. Wildfire impact research is however, limited across large areas of the UK presenting an issue for the creation of effective site-specific management planning in a number of areas and habitat types. To address this issue in the Brecon Beacons National Park (south Wales), research was conducted assessing post-fire: i) vegetation community composition; ii) soil physical and chemical properties; iii) ash chemical composition and toxicity. The primary conclusions from this research suggests vegetation community composition and soil physicochemical properties are able to recover relatively rapidly to long unburnt conditions (>11-years and >3-years, respectively) following wildfire events in dry heaths with shallow organic soils. The fast rates of post-fire vegetation recovery across the assessed sites are likely due to the species-poor, dwarf-shrub dominated, pre-fire conditions reducing the time required for the vegetation community to return to this low species diversity. Soil physicochemical properties showed limited impact from the fires, likely due to the high moisture retention of the surface organic soil layer having resulted in limited soil heating and depth penetration. Wider environmental concerns are raised by the ash composition, which showed remarkably high concentrations of potentially toxic substances such as, metallic elements (e.g. Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn and As) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), compared to ash from other environments and vegetation types. These conclusions pose important questions about the future of temperate heaths, the priorities of future upland management and highlight numerous areas for further research.

scholarly journals The earthworm’s diversity and their relationship to the soil physicochemical properties under the stands of perennial plant at the Mount Merapi forest, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Minarsih ◽  
Eko - Hanudin ◽  
Makruf Nurudin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Active Volcano ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Perennial Plant

Abstract. Minarsih S, Hanudin E, Nurudin M. 2021. The earthworm’s diversity and their relationship to the soil physicochemical properties under the stands of perennial plant at the Mount Merapi forest, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3237-3244. The study was to propose earthworm as bioindicator and its correlation to the soil physicochemical properties underneath some perennial plants. Soil samples and earthworm observation was taken out at a depth of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm under the stands of Acacia decurrens, coffee, Albizia chinensis, bamboo, snake fruit, and Acacia mangium. Soil moisture, temperature and Physico-chemical properties were measured, such as texture, pH, organic C, mineralized C, total N, mineralized N, available P, and base cations (Ca, Mg, K, Na). The results revealed that the earthworms density underneath of the stands of coffee was 105.4 ind.m-2 > snake fruit 92.6 ind.m-2 > Albizia chinensis  66.7 ind.m-2 > A. decurrens ? bamboo 40.7 ind.m-2 > A. mangium 37.0 ind.m-2. The dominant species of the earthworms found at a depth of 0-10 cm consisted of four species, namely: Pheretima hamayana, Pheretima californica, Eudrillus eugeniae, and Eiseniella tetraeda. Meanwhile, the earthworms diversity underneath the stands of coffee was H’=1.26 > A. mangium H’=1.03 > Albizia chinensis  H'=0.69 > ?H'=0.69 > bamboo H'=0.59. The soil physicochemical properties was positively correlated to the earthworms density was C-mineralized (r = 0.823) ? soil moisture (r = 0.585) ? available K (r = 0.529) ? available Ca (r = 0.505) ? available Mg (0.494). The results could be concluded that labile organic carbon, water, and alkaline cations were the important factors in improving soil biological fertility in the active volcano area.

Research on the Evaluation of the Soil Quality in the Evolution of Ecological Slope-Protected Base Material

2012 ◽  
Vol 193-194 ◽  
pp. 274-278
Author(s):  
Yue Shu Yang ◽  
Wen Nian Xu ◽  
Zhen Yao Xia ◽  
Qi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Index System ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Evaluation Index System ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
Concrete Base ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Two vegetation-growing concrete slopes completed are chosen as research objects and the Analytical Hierarchy Process method is adopted to establish the evaluation index system, aiming at quantifying the physical and chemical properties of the base material and analyzing the results contrastively. The study shows that the physical and chemical properties of vegetation-growing concrete base material keep improving with the growth of time to better adapt to the growth of vegetation. This evaluation results tally with the actual situation of the sample sites, which suggests that this base material soil quality index system has great practical value. The differences occurring in the evaluation value of two pieces of sample sites suggest that regional environment is the main factor to affect the quality of vegetation-growing concrete base material.

scholarly journals Validation of soil quality index in soil using bioindicator plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Toshiaki Oikawa ◽  
Amanda Silva Custódio ◽  
Fábio Fernando Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Heuristic Analysis

Soils provide a broad set of vital ecosystem services and sustains the production of food and fibers, balancing the ecosystem. Thus, from the perspective of soil quality, it is defined as an ability to balance within the ecosystem to sustain biological productivity, promoting the health of plants and animals, being evaluated by traditional indicators as physical, chemical and biological indicators, so the present work aims to estimate the soil quality index using multivariate models using soil biological attributes and validation with growth variables of the bioindicator plant. The study was developed in the agricultural area in P. Prudente, SP, the points collected were georeferenced, collections in depth of 0 -20 cm, microbiological analysis, microbial carbon and nitrogen biomass, dehydrogenase, respiration and microbial coefficient, having a bioindicator plant curly lettuce (Lucy Brown) as a validator of the soil. The results were discovered using the PCA model for the identification of autos vectors and autos values, grouping and identifying their collinearities, linear regression, r-pearson validation and cluster heuristic analysis. The microbial attributes and the bioindicator plant discriminated the agricultural areas evaluated with establishment and validation of SQI. The metabolic coefficient and N of the microbial biomass dissipation of the highest covariance values by multivariate analysis. The reforestation area with native species (SQI0.782%) and the livestock crop integration system (SQI0.765%) were evaluated as areas with better soil quality

scholarly journals Calculating Soil Quality Index for Biomass Production Based on Soil Chemical Properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Sung-Chul Kim ◽  
Young Kyu Hong ◽  
Sang Phil Lee ◽  
Seung Min Oh ◽  
Kyung Jae Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Quality Index

scholarly journals Effect of tree canopy on species composition, diversity and biomass of herbaceous vegetation and soil characteristics in semi-arid forests of the Aravalli hills

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shriya Garg ◽  
Rajendra Kr. Joshi ◽  
Satish Chandra Garkoti
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Canopy Gaps ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Herbaceous Vegetation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract Background: Herbaceous vegetation is of great ecological importance and responds quickly to environmental changes. Present study was aimed to understand the variation in herbaceous species composition, diversity, biomass and soil physicochemical properties in canopy gaps and under the canopy of semi-arid forests in the Aravalli hills. Methods: Four permanent plots consisting of canopy gaps and under canopy were established. To study herbs phytosociological attributes and biomass, 10 quadrats of 0.5 x 0.5 m size were laid in each plot. For soil physico-chemical properties, 5 soil samples were collected randomly at 0-10 cm depth from each plot. Relationship between biodiversity indices, herbs biomass and soil physicochemical properties was determined using Redundancy Analysis (RDA) and correlation analyses. Results: The sites differed in terms of herbaceous species composition, diversity, biomass and soil physico-chemical properties. Canopy gaps were dominated by grasses while forbs were higher under the canopy. Across the sites, poaceae was the dominant family. All species showed contagious distribution pattern. Oplismenus burmannii reported highest IVI (138.0; 230.5) under the canopy while Achyranthes aspera (56.15) and Eragrostis ciliaris (53.1) had highest IVI in canopy gaps. Diversity indices were higher in canopy gaps. Herbaceous community biomass in canopy gaps ranged from 700-900 gm-2 while under the canopy it ranged from 30-70 gm-2. Cenchrus ciliaris (597.97 gm-2) and Chrysopogon sp. (391.2 gm-2) constituted major proportion of biomass in canopy gaps. The soil of under canopy regions had lower pH and bulk density, but higher soil moisture (%), electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (TN), SOC stock and soil TN stock than the canopy gaps. Linear positive relationship between species diversity and biomass; negative relationship between soil chemical properties and herbaceous biomass was found in study area. Even though canopy had positive effects on soil physico-chemical properties, overall negative effect on herbaceous diversity and biomass was seen. Conclusions: Reduced light for photosynthesis and tree root competition for soil resources may be the major factors negatively affecting herbaceous diversity and biomass. Canopy had a significant impact and herbs species composition, diversity, biomass and soil physico-chemical properties showed distinct differences in relation to it.

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