scholarly journals Combined Effect of Altitude, Season and Light on the Accumulation of Extractable Terpenes in Norway Spruce Needles

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1737
Author(s):  
Kristýna Večeřová ◽  
Karel Klem ◽  
Barbora Veselá ◽  
Petr Holub ◽  
John Grace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Canopy Position ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Spruce Needles ◽  
Evergreen Conifers

Plants produce specific terpenes, secondary metabolites conferring tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Our study aims to investigate the effects of altitude, light intensity and season on contents of mono- and sesquiterpenes in needles of coniferous Norway spruce (Picea abies). Needles of current shoots representing upper and lower canopy were collected from adult trees growing along an altitudinal gradient (400–1100 m a.s.l.) in summer and autumn. After the extraction in cold heptane, the content of extractable terpenes was determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Our results show that the total content of terpenes decreases with increasing altitude regardless of canopy position and season. Needles of the upper canopy have a higher total content of terpenes than lower canopy needles, but this difference decreases with increasing altitude in summer. Total content of extractable terpenes increases in autumn when compared to summer particularly in upper canopy needles of trees from high altitudes. Limonene, camphene, α-pinene and myrcene are the most abundant monoterpenes in spruce needles forming up to 85% of total monoterpenes, while germacrene D-4-ol is the most abundant sesquiterpene. Altitude, canopy position and season have a significant interactive effect on most monoterpenes, but not on sesquiterpenes. Terpenoid biosynthesis is thus tightly linked to growth conditions and likely plays a crucial role in the constitution of stress tolerance in evergreen conifers.

Short-term pigment changes in Norway spruce needles

1981 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. B. Hawkins ◽  
G. R. Lister ◽  
R. P. Fink ◽  
W. E. Vidaver
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Spruce Needles

scholarly journals Amounts of carbon mineralised and leached as DOC during decomposition of Norway spruce needles and fine roots

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karna Hansson ◽  
Dan Berggren Kleja ◽  
Karsten Kalbitz ◽  
Hanna Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Spruce Needles

scholarly journals Changes in the nutrition and health status of young Norway spruce stands in the Krkonoše Mts. in a 17-year period

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 344-354
Author(s):  
Novotný Radek ◽  
Lomský Bohumír ◽  
Šrámek Vít
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Future Health ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Spruce Needles

For 17 Norway spruce stands located in the Krkonoše Mts. in the Czech Republic a long-term assessment of defoliation, height increment, foliage concentration of nutrients (N, P, Ca, K, Mg) and stress elements (S, F) was carried out. The results show a decrease of defoliation and a slight increase of height increment, which occur in accordance with the decreasing concentration of sulphur in spruce needles. However, neither sulphur concentration nor height increment trends are significant, suggesting that both the main pollution abatement and the growth resumption took place already in the 1990’s. During the late 1990’s the average spruce defoliation was greater than 35%, while since 2007 it has fluctuated between 18 and 25%, which corresponds with the figures for the forest stands located in the other regions of the Czech Republic. The evaluation of single nutrient concentrations detected occasional deficiencies of P and Mg at individual plots. The good N nutrition (&gt; 15 mg N·g<sup>–1</sup>) in combination with a significantly decreasing trend of P, K and Ca concentrations in Norway spruce needles may potentially constitute a problem in regard to both the future health and the stability of forest stands in the studied region.

Variation in piperidine alkaloid chemistry of Norway spruce (Picea abies) foliage in diverse geographic origins grown in the same area

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Virjamo ◽  
R. Julkunen-Tiitto
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Piperidine Alkaloids ◽  
Needle Size ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Alkaloid Composition ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Genotype Variation

Volatile piperidine alkaloids are widespread compounds found in low amounts in coniferous species. Here, we investigated the variation of piperidine alkaloid chemistry of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in a provenance-type experiment. Volatile piperidine alkaloids were analysed from current-year mature needles of 12 geographical origins grown for 35 years at the same site. Results indicate that, despite long-lasting similar growth conditions, origins were still showing different alkaloid composition and concentrations, indicating solid genotype variation. The highest total piperidine alkaloid concentrations were detected in the northernmost origins, and a marked positive correlation between piperidine alkaloid concentrations and latitude was found. Positive correlation with latitude seems to be closely linked to negative correlation with annual temperature sum of origins. Interestingly, the changes in concentrations detected were not related to needle size and dilution effect. Regarding the possible herbivore-defense role of P. abies piperidine alkaloids, the high variation between origins could play a role for preventing the invasion of genotypes from different geographical areas.

Exposure of mature Norway spruce to ozone in twig-chambers: effects on gas exchange

1994 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Gerhard Wieser ◽  
Wilhelm M. Havranek
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Adult Trees

SynopsisLittle is known about ozone (O3) effects on adult trees in the field, where ecophysiological parameters control pollutant uptake. It was the goal of this study to examine how ambient and above ambient O3 concentrations affect gas exchange of mature Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Therefore, twigs were enclosed in chambers and exposed to different O3 concentrations for one and two seasons over three years. During winter periods twigs were maintained under ambient conditions. Data from the shade crown of spruce trees at 1000 m a.s.l. are presented. After one and two fumigation periods no clear treatment effects on gas exchange were observed in twigs fumigated with O3 concentrations ranging from zero up to ambient (A) + 60 ppb. However, O3 at 90 ppb reduced photosynthesis and conductance. CO2 response curves indicated that in A + 90 twigs the efficiency of CO2 uptake was diminished. Observed losses in Pn of A + 90 twigs were greater than reductions in conductance indicating that stomatal closure alone did not limit CO2 uptake. We conclude that ambient and slightly above ambient O3 concentrations do not alter gas exchange of mature Norway spruce. Therefore, suppositions on O3 damage on mature spruce trees should be critically questioned.

scholarly journals Changes in phenolic acids and stilbenes induced in embryogenic cell cultures of Norway spruce by two fractions of Sirococcus strobilinus mycelian

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Malá ◽  
M. Hrubcová ◽  
P. Máchová ◽  
H. Cvrčková ◽  
O. Martincová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Embryogenic Cell ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
In Cells

We examined defence responses in embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst) elicited by intracellular protein and cell wall fractions (PF and WF, respectively) prepared from mycelia of the fungus Sirococcus strobilinus Preuss focusing on changes in (soluble and cell wall-bound) phenolic and stilbene concentrations. Treatment with both preparations induced an increase in the total contents of phenolic acids in Norway spruce cells and variations in the levels of stilbene glycosides. More rapid and intense induction of defence response was observed in cells after WF application. The contents of soluble phenolic acids (especially benzoic acid derivatives) and cell wall-bound phenolic acids (especially ferulic acid) started to increase (relative to controls) within 4 h after the addition of the WF preparation and remained high in elicited cells for 8&ndash;12 h. A moderate increase in phenolic acids in cells exposed to the PF preparation was observed within 8 h after application. However, after 24 h of WF treatment a decline of total phenolics was observed, while in PF elicited Norway spruce cells the phenolic content continued to increase. Significantly decreased concentrations of stilbene glycosides, isorhapontin, astringin and piceid, were determined in PF and WF treated Norway spruce cell cultures. The total content of stilbene glycosides decreased within 8 h after WF application to 68% of the amount determined in the control and within 12 h to 73% of the control in PF-treated cells. These results demonstrate that both PF and WF prepared from the Sirococcus strobilinus mycelium elicit changes in the metabolism of phenylpropanoids, which are involved in the defence responses of plants to pathogens.

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