scholarly journals Megaspore Chromosome Doubling in Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake Induced by Colchicine Treatment to Produce Triploids

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yang ◽  
Jianzhong Wang ◽  
Zhao Liu ◽  
Tao Xiong ◽  
Jun Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Chromosome Counting ◽  
Triploid Breeding ◽  
Optimal Period ◽  
Colchicine Solution

Triploids generally provide an advantage in vegetative growth in forest trees. However, the technique of triploid breeding is still an open field in the Eucalyptus tree species. This study aims to explore the colchicine treatment technique for megaspore chromosome doubling to establish triploids in this tree species. Cytological observation on microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis was carried out to guide megaspore chromosome doubling induced by colchicine treatment. Ploidy level in progenies was detected by flow cytometry and somatic chromosome counting. A relationship between microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis was established to guide the colchicine treatment. Seven triploids were obtained in the progenies, and the highest efficiency of triploid production was 6.25% when the flower buds underwent a 0.25% colchicine solution treatment for 6 h using an aspiration method seven days after the first observation of leptotene during microsporogenesis on the floral branch. Cytological analysis showed that the megasporocyte from leptotene to diakinesis may be the optimal period for megaspore chromosome doubling by colchicine treatment. Plant height, ground diameter, leaf area, and the photosynthetic parameter of triploid eucalypt were significantly higher than those of the diploid plant at 6 months old. Hybridization with 2n megaspores induced by colchicine treatment is an effective way for Eucalyptus triploid breeding. These results should accelerate the development of advanced germplasms in this tree species.

scholarly journals Hybrid Triploid Induced by Megaspore Chromosome Doubling in Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) ‘Maya’ and Its Characteristics

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Songshan Liu ◽  
Chenxing Zhang ◽  
Weicong Yang ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Lu Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Growth Stress ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Triploid Individual ◽  
Colchicine Solution

Polyploid breeding is an important strategy for tree improvement because polyploid individuals typically show superior traits, such as improved growth, stress resistance, and superior fruit quality. Artificial induction of chromosome doubling of female gametes is an effective approach to obtain triploid progeny. However, no triploid fruit tree cultivars have been developed using this approach. The objective of this study was to explore the utility of chromosome doubling in female gametes of ‘Maya’ jujube to produce triploid individuals. The temporal relationship between flower bud morphology and the megaspore meiotic stage was studied to guide the optimal timing of colchicine treatment. Colchicine solution was applied to bearing shoots of mature ‘Maya’ jujube trees in a field experiment using two treatment methods (improved cotton leaching and injection method) and three concentrations (0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5%). The water transport rate of ‘Maya’ jujube shoots was studied using dye solution to judge the effectiveness and timing of the colchicine treatment methods. Two triploids were identified among the progenies from the colchicine-treated shoots. The highest efficiency of triploid production was 3.3% when flower buds of diameter 1.76–2.12 mm were treated with 0.3% colchicine solution for 4 h using an improved cotton leaching method. The ground diameter, plant thorn length, leaf width, leaf area, stomatal length, stomatal width, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic parameters of one triploid individual were significantly higher than those of diploids of identical parentage at 18 months old. Thus, induction of 2n megaspores is an effective approach to generate triploid jujube. These results are expected to promote and accelerate triploid breeding in fruit trees.

scholarly journals Colchicine-induced chromosome doubling in Pennisetum interspecific hybrids and its effect on plant morphology

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arshpreet Kaur ◽  
Rahul Kapoor ◽  
Yogesh Vikal ◽  
Anu Kalia
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Chromosome Counting ◽  
Stomatal Frequency ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Stomata Size

We report the production of hexaploid plants of interspecific hybrids of Pennisetum, with the ultimate aim to improve the biomass yield, drought tolerance and multicut behaviour of this genus. Chromosome doubling was achieved with the application of colchicine at three different concentrations (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2%) for two time durations (12 and 24 hours). The root slips and stem cuttings of interspecific hybrids were used for treatment and the root slips were found to be more efficient. The preliminary screening to select the putative hexaploid plant was done based on stomatal frequency and morphology. Plants containing significantly lower stomatal frequency and larger stomata size were selected for further analysis by chromosome counting. This experiment confirmed that 0.1% concentration of colchicine treatment to root slips for 24 hours was more effective to induce the amphiploids in Pennisetum.

scholarly journals Stability in chromosome number and DNA content in synthetic tetraploids of Lolium multiflorum after two generations of selection

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roselaine Cristina Pereira ◽  
Natália de Souza Santos ◽  
Fernanda de Oliveira Bustamante ◽  
Andrea Mittelmann ◽  
Vânia Helena Techio
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Genetic Stability ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Chromosome Counting ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Viable Seeds

ABSTRACT: Chromosome doubling of Italian ryegrass genotypes ( Lolium multiflorum Lam.) adapted to the brazilian edaphoclimatic conditions is an important strategy used by breeders and aims to obtain more vigorous genotypes with better forage quality and disease resistance. The effectiveness of chromosome doubling can be measured by genetic stability and fertility rates of plants over generations. However, a common problem in the polyploidization process is the regeneration of mixoploid plants that have impaired fertility and genetic stability. The objective of this study was to verify if progenies of recently tetraploidized plants remain stable regarding DNA content and chromosome number, over two generations. Progenies of L. multiflorum plants artificially tetraploidized with colchicine treatment were evaluated. Chromosome counting and estimates of the DNA content were used to evaluate the genetic stability. The percentage of tetraploid plants (4X) increased over generations (18%, 34% and 91% in cycle 0, 1 and 2, respectively). All progenies identified as tetraploid by flow citometry showed variation in chromosome number (mixoploidy), but produced viable seeds. Results showed that stabilization in chromosome number and DNA content in tetraploidized plant progenies requires time and that the success of this procedure depends on a continuous and accurate screening and selection.

scholarly journals Colchicine-induced Amphidiploids of Rose Interspecific Hybrids

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 778A-778
Author(s):  
Yan Ma ◽  
David H. Byrne ◽  
Jing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Breeding Research ◽  
Rose Breeding ◽  
Colchicine Solution ◽  
Ploidy Chimeras

An objective of our rose breeding research is to transfer resistance to blackspot and other diseases from wild diploid species to modern rose cultivars. Interspecific hybrids among blackspot-resistant diploid species were chosen for chromosome doubling to produce fertile amphidiploids that could be hybridized to the tetraploid commercial germplasm. Five such F1 interspecific hybrids were treated with colchicine. The study included two different application procedures (shake in colchicine solution or colchicine in media), four colchicine concentrations (0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.20%), and five treatment periods (1, 3, 5, 8, and 10 days). After colchicine treatment, all the materials were cultured in vitro. One thousand-thirty-seven surviving explants were selected for typical “gigas” characteristics of doubled diploids. Chromosome counts on shoot tips of these selected genotypes confirmed 15 amphidiploids. The best colchicine treatment varied among the interspecific hybrids. Higher colchicine concentrations or duration reduced growth rating, rooting, and percent survival. The recognition of amphiploids and ploidy chimeras from young seedlings will also be discussed.

scholarly journals Studies on Colchicine Induced Chromosome Doubling for Enhancement of Quality Traits in Ornamental Plants

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Manzoor ◽  
Touqeer Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Bashir ◽  
Ishfaq Hafiz ◽  
Cristian Silvestri
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Unreduced Gametes ◽  
Chromosome Counting ◽  
Morphological And Physiological Traits ◽  
Routine Procedures ◽  
Mitotic Inhibitor ◽  
Intense Color

Polyploidy has the utmost importance in horticulture for the development of new ornamental varieties with desirable morphological traits referring to plant size and vigor, leaf thickness, larger flowers with thicker petals, intense color of leaves and flowers, long lasting flowers, compactness, dwarfness and restored fertility. Polyploidy may occur naturally due to the formation of unreduced gametes or can be artificially induced by doubling the number of chromosomes in somatic cells. Usually, natural polyploid plants are unavailable, so polyploidy is induced synthetically with the help of mitotic inhibitors. Colchicine is a widely used mitotic inhibitor for the induction of polyploidy in plants during their cell division by inhibiting the chromosome segregation. Different plant organs like seeds, apical meristems, flower buds, and roots can be used to induce polyploidy through many application methods such as dipping/soaking, dropping or cotton wool. Flow cytometry and chromosome counting, with an observation of morphological and physiological traits are routine procedures for the determination of ploidy level in plants.

Putative diploid ancestors of 80-chromosome Glycine tabacina

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Singh ◽  
K. P. Kollipara ◽  
F. Ahmad ◽  
T. Hymowitz
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Specific Hybridization ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genome Homology ◽  
Glycine Tabacina ◽  
Natural Mutation

The objective of this study was to discover the diploid progenitors of 80-chromosome Glycine tabacina with adventitious roots (WAR) and no adventitious roots (NAR). Three synthetic amphiploids were obtained by somatic chromosome doubling. These were (i) (G. latifolia, 2n = 40, genome B1B1,) × (G. microphylla, 2n = 40, genome BB) = F1(2n = 40, genome BB1) – 0.1% colchicine treatment (CT) – 2n = 80, genome BBB1B1; (ii) (G. canescens, 2n = 40, genome AA) × G. microphylla, 2n = 40, genome BB) = F1 (2n = 40, genome AB) – (CT) – 2n = 80, genome AABB; (iii) (G. latifolia, 2n = 40, B1B1) × G. canescens, 2n = 40, AA) = F1 (2n = 40, genome AB1) – (CT) – 2n = 80, genome AAB1B1. The segmental allotetraploid BBB1B1 was morphologically similar to the 80-chromosome G. tabacina (WAR), but meiotic pairing data in F1 hybrids did not support the complete genomic affinity. Despite normal diploid-like meiosis in allotetraploids AABB and AAB1B1, AABB was completely fertile, while pod set in AAB1B1 was very sparse. Morphologically, allotetraploid AABB was indistinguishable from the 80-chromosome G. tabacina (NAR) but in their F1 hybrids, the range of univalents at metaphase I was wide (4–44). The allotetraploid AAB1B1 did not morphologically resemble the 80-chromosome G. tabacina (NAR). However, the F1 hybrid of AABB × AAB1B1 showed normal meiosis with an average chromosome association (range) of 1.7 I (0–4) + 39.2 II (38–40). Based on this information, we cannot correctly deduce the diploid progenitor species of the 80-chromosome G. tabacina (NAR). The lack of exact genome homology may be attributed to the geographical isolation, natural mutation, and growing environmental conditions since the inception of 80-chromosome G. tabacina. Thus, it is logical to suggest that the 80-chromosome G. tabacina (NAR) is a complex, probably synthesized from A genome (G. canescens, G. clandestina, G. argyrea, G. tomentella D4 isozyme group) and B genome (G. latifolia, G. microphylla, G. tabacina) species, and the 80-chromosome G. tabacina (WAR) complex was evolved through segmental allopolyploidy from the B genome species.Key words: Glycine spp., allopolyploidy, colchicine, genome, intra- and inter-specific hybridization, polyploid complex.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis reveals plant response to colchicine treatment during on chromosome doubling

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zhou ◽  
Paige Fleet ◽  
Eviatar Nevo ◽  
Xinquan Zhang ◽  
Genlou Sun
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Plant Response

Thermal hydrolysis of waste activated sludge at Hengelo Wastewater Treatment Plant, The Netherlands

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathijs Oosterhuis ◽  
Davy Ringoot ◽  
Alexander Hendriks ◽  
Paul Roeleveld
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Thermal Hydrolysis ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Water Board ◽  
Anaerobic Biodegradability ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The thermal hydrolysis process (THP) is a sludge treatment technique which affects anaerobic biodegradability, viscosity and dewaterability of waste activated sludge (WAS). In 2011 a THP-pilot plant was operated, connected to laboratory-scale digesters, at the water board Regge en Dinkel and in cooperation with Cambi A.S. and MWH Global. Thermal hydrolysis of WAS resulted in a 62% greater volatile solids (VS) reduction compared to non-hydrolysed sludge. Furthermore, the pilot digesters could be operated at a 2.3 times higher solids loading rate compared to conventional sludge digesters. By application of thermal sludge hydrolysis, the overall efficiency of the sludge treatment process can be improved.

scholarly journals Production and Identification of a Tetraploid Germplasm of Edible Lilium davidii var. unicolor Salisb via Chromosome Doubling

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 946-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yayan Feng ◽  
Leifeng Xu ◽  
Panpan Yang ◽  
Hua Xu ◽  
Yuwei Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Range ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Genetic Characteristic ◽  
New Germplasm ◽  
Annual Growth Increment ◽  
Lilium Davidii

Lilium davidii var. unicolor Salisb is a cultivar of Lilium (Liliaceae) with important edible and ornamental characteristic. The application and production of Lilium davidii var. unicolor Salisb were still facing large problems because of its several disadvantages such as narrow range of adaptability, small annual growth increment, and low fertility. To achieve broader environmental adaptability and obtain a more nutritious germplasm, we used colchicine and oryzalin to induce chromosome doubling via the soaking method. Tissue culture bulbs were treated with colchicine at 0.03%, 0.05%, or 0.08% for 32, 40, or 48 hours or with oryzalin at 0.002%, 0.005%, 0.008%, or 0.01% for 3, 6, 9, 12, or 24 hours before being transferred to a differentiating medium. The results showed that colchicine treatment resulted in the highest induction rate when applied at 0.05% for 48 hours, whereas oryzalin treatment produced fewer tetraploid plants. The chromosome number of induced plants with small stoma density and longer guard cells is twice than that of the diploid. The plants were identified as tetraploid. In this study, a new germplasm of Lilium davidii var. unicolor Salisb was innovative and showed novel genetic characteristic.

scholarly journals Chromosome Doubling in Limonium bellidifolium (Gouan) Dumort. by Colchicine Treatment of Seeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiro Mori ◽  
Takuya Yamane ◽  
Masaki Yahata ◽  
Koichi Shinoda ◽  
Naho Murata
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Colchicine Treatment
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