Broadening Understanding on Managing the Communication Infrastructure in Vehicular Networks: Customizing the Coverage Using the Delta Network

Over the past few decades, the growth of the urban population has been remarkable. Nowadays, 50% of the population lives in urban areas, and forecasts point that by 2050 this number will reach 70%. Today, 64% of all travel made is within urban environments and the total amount of urban kilometers traveled is expected to triple by 2050. Thus, seeking novel solutions for urban mobility becomes paramount for 21st century society. In this work, we discuss the performance of vehicular networks. We consider the metric Delta Network. The Delta Network characterizes the connectivity of the vehicular network through the percentage of travel time in which vehicles are connected to roadside units. This article reviews the concept of the Delta Network and extends its study through the presentation of a general heuristic based on the definition of scores to identify the areas of the road network that should receive coverage. After defining the general heuristic, we show how small changes in the score computation can generate very distinct (and interesting) patterns of coverage, each one suited to a given scenario. In order to exemplify such behavior, we propose three deployment strategies based on simply changing the computation of scores. We compare the proposed strategies to the intuitive strategy of allocating communication units at the most popular zones of the road network. Experiments show that the strategies derived from the general heuristic provide higher coverage than the intuitive strategy when using the same number of communication devices. Moreover, the resulting pattern of coverage is very interesting, with roadside units deployed a circle pattern around the traffic epicenter.

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Broadening Understanding on Managing the Communication Infrastructure in Vehicular Networks: Customizing the Coverage Using the Delta Network

10.20944/preprints201811.0294.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Cristiano M. Silva ◽

Lucas D. Silva ◽

Leonardo A. L. Santos ◽

João F. M. Sarubbi ◽

Andreas Pitsillides

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Road Network ◽

Vehicular Networks ◽

Vehicular Network ◽

Urban Environments ◽

Urban Mobility ◽

Circle Pattern ◽

The Road ◽

The Past ◽

Definition Of

Over the past few decades, the growth of the urban population has been remarkable. Nowadays, 50% of the population lives in urban areas, and forecasts point that by 2050 this number will reach 70%. Today, 64% of all travel made is within urban environments and the total amount of urban kilometers traveled is expected to triple by 2050. Thus, seeking novel solutions for urban mobility becomes paramount for 21st century society. In this work, we discuss the performance of vehicular networks. We consider the metric Delta Network. The Delta Network characterizes the connectivity of the vehicular network through the percentage of travel time in which vehicles are connected to roadside units. This article reviews the concept of Delta Network and extends its study through the presentation of a general heuristic based on the definition of scores to identify the areas of the road network that should receive coverage. After defining the general heuristic, we show how small changes in the score computation can generate very distinct (and interesting) patterns of coverage, each one suited to a given scenario. In order to exemplify such behavior, we propose three deployment strategies based on simply changing the computation of scores. The results show that the strategies derived from the general heuristic are very interesting, all of them deploying roadside units in a circle pattern around the traffic epicenter.

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Analysis characteristic of hazardous locations in urban environments

Put i saobraćaj ◽

10.31075/pis.66.01.06 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 29-32

Author(s):

Željko Šarić ◽

Goran Zovak ◽

Danijel Brkić ◽

Tomislav Kučinić

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Road Safety ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Urban Environments ◽

The Road ◽

The Past ◽

Expert Team ◽

The Republic ◽

On The Road ◽

Direct Inspection

International experience, as well as previous research in the Republic of Croatia, shows that successful identification and remediation of hazardous locations results in a significant reduction in the number of traffic accidents, especially those with the most severe consequences. One of the most important steps in the process of identifying and remediation hazardous locations is the direct inspection of the location on the ground by an expert team, which in the most relevant way identifies deficiencies on the road and related equipment. Total of 117 locations have been inspected in the Republic of Croatia in the past year, which represented potentially hazardous locations on state roads, of which 61 is in located in urban areas. Based on the reviews of potentially hazardous locations in urban areas, significant data were collected on the condition of the road and related equipment, the results of which were analysed in detail and presented in this paper. Based on these results, remediation measures have also been proposed, which enable increased road safety and reduced traffic accidents.

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Optimization of Evacuation and Walking-Home Routes from Osaka City After a Nankai Megathrust Earthquake Using Road Network Big Data

10.1007/978-981-16-4095-7_15 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 369-389

Author(s):

Atsushi Takizawa ◽

Yutaka Kawagishi

Keyword(s):

Big Data ◽

Public Transportation ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Road Network ◽

Large Earthquake ◽

The Road ◽

Return Home ◽

Flooded Area ◽

Network Big Data ◽

Surrounding Areas

AbstractWhen a disaster such as a large earthquake occurs, the resulting breakdown in public transportation leaves urban areas with many people who are struggling to return home. With people from various surrounding areas gathered in the city, unusually heavy congestion may occur on the roads when the commuters start to return home all at once on foot. In this chapter, it is assumed that a large earthquake caused by the Nankai Trough occurs at 2 p.m. on a weekday in Osaka City, where there are many commuters. We then assume a scenario in which evacuation from a resulting tsunami is carried out in the flooded area and people return home on foot in the other areas. At this time, evacuation and returning-home routes with the shortest possible travel times are obtained by solving the evacuation planning problem. However, the road network big data for Osaka City make such optimization difficult. Therefore, we propose methods for simplifying the large network while keeping those properties necessary for solving the optimization problem and then recovering the network. The obtained routes are then verified by large-scale pedestrian simulation, and the effect of the optimization is verified.

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LIFE+2010 QUADMAP Project: a new methodology to select, analyze and manage Quiet Urban Areas defined by the European Directive 2002/49/EC

Noise Mapping ◽

10.1515/noise-2016-0009 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Itziar Aspuru ◽

Igone Garcia ◽

Chiara Bartalucci ◽

Francesco Borchi ◽

Monica Carfagni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Environmental Noise ◽

Urban Environments ◽

Added Value ◽

Acoustic Environment ◽

Health Safety ◽

European Directive ◽

Selection Analysis ◽

Stress Levels ◽

Definition Of

AbstractConcerning quiet areas, the definition provided by the Environmental Noise Directive (END) is intended to preserve the acoustic environment in those areas where it is considered good, according to general indicators and limits. However, the END is not clear enough to allow appropriate assessment and management in urban environments. The aim of QUADMAP project was to deliver a method and guidelines for the identification, delineation, characterization, improvement and management of Quiet Urban Areas (QUAs) as defined by the END. The Project also wanted to help clarify the definition of a QUA, its meaning and its added value for cities in terms of health, safety and lowering stress levels. In this article, after an introduction of the current European scenario on QUAs, the main aspects of the methodology introduced for the selection, analysis and management of QUAs are described. Eventually, the major results achieved by the Project, in terms of the guideline on QUAs, the implemented interventions and the achieved benefits, are reported and discussed.

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An Overview of Indicators and Indices Used for Urban Mobility Assessment

PROMET - Traffic&Transportation ◽

10.7307/ptt.v31i6.3281 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 703-714 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Krešimir Vidović ◽

Marko Šoštarić ◽

Damir Budimir

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Assessment Process ◽

Urban Mobility ◽

Dimensional Approach ◽

Global Trends ◽

Mobility Data ◽

Mobility Assessment ◽

Local Specifications ◽

Layered Approach ◽

Definition Of

The urban mobility is affected by global trends resulting in a growing passenger and freight transport demand. In order to improve the understanding of urban mobility in general, to evaluate mobility services and to quantify the overall transport system performance, it is necessary to assess urban mobility. Urban mobility assessment requires the application of methodology integrating different metrics and explicitly applying a multi-dimensional approach. Since scientific community does not define urban mobility in an unambiguous way, part of this paper is devoted to the analysis of the definition of urban mobility. This step enables better understanding of urban mobility in general, as well as understanding of the urban mobility assessment process. Usually, a three-layered approach that includes urban mobility data, indicators and indices is used for the assessment. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to perform extensive research in order to synthesize, define and organize the elements of those layers. The existing urban mobility indicators and indices have been developed for specific urban areas, taking into account local specifications, and they are not applicable in other cities. Also, the choice of urban mobility indicators is mainly related to the existence of data sources, which limits the objective and comparable assessment of the mobility of cities where such data do not exist.

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Effects of Sensor Errors on the Performance of Map Matching

Journal of Navigation ◽

10.1017/s0373463305003164 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 273-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Wu Chen ◽

Zhilin Li ◽

Meng Yu ◽

Yongqi Chen

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Efficient Method ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Road Network ◽

Dead Reckoning ◽

Navigation Systems ◽

Map Matching ◽

The Road ◽

Sensor Errors

Map matching has been widely applied in car navigation systems as an efficient method to display the location of vehicles on maps. Various map-matching algorithms have been proposed. Inevitably, the correctness of the map matching is closely related to the accuracy of positioning sensors, such as GPS or Dead Reckoning (DR), and the complexity of the road network and map, especially in urban areas where the GPS signal may be constantly blocked by buildings and the road network is complicated. The existing map matching algorithms cannot resolve the positioning problems under all circumstances. They sometimes give the wrong position estimates of the car on road; the result is called mismatching. In order to improve the quality of map matching, a deep understand of the accuracy of sensor errors on mismatching is important. This paper analyses various factors that may affect the quality of map matching based on extensive tests in Hong Kong. Suggestions to improve the success rate of map matching are also provided.

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SPATIAL CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSPORT NETWORKS AND ITS CONNECTION WITH THE TYPOLOGY OF TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT FOR THE CITIES OF NAJAF AND KUFA OF THE PROVINCE OF NAJAF

Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after V G Shukhov ◽

10.34031/2071-7318-2020-5-9-57-66 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (9) ◽

pp. 57-66

Author(s):

A. Al-jaberi

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Road Network ◽

Structural Features ◽

Transit Oriented Development ◽

Spatial Classification ◽

The Road ◽

Different Types ◽

Gis Environment

Transport is a link between territories with different types of land use in urban areas. At the same time, the improved accessibility associated with the transport network can lead to increased segregation and a change in land use. The article analyzes the road network of the Najaf and Kufa cities, Najaf province, Iraq, in order to identify the spatial classification of roads and streets. Based on the analysis, three main types of roads and streets are identified with respect to their structural features and characteristics: regional, city and district. The dependence of the typology and location of transit-oriented zones on the classification of the road network is indicated. In the process of analyzing the study area, the most optimal points for the practice of transit-oriented development (TOD) are identified, the territories most favorable for the location of transit-oriented zones of regional, city and district significance are introduced, the main characteristics of these zones are given. In order to reach goals, this article includes the collection of data and the creation of a database for land use applying a geographic information systems (GIS) environment. The result of the spatial analysis are five regional nodes, six urban nodes and seven district nodes

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A Hybrid GWR-Based Height Estimation Method for Building Detection in Urban Environments

ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprsannals-ii-2-23-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol II-2 ◽

pp. 23-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

X. Wei ◽

X. Yao

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Estimation Method ◽

Urban Environments ◽

Lidar Data ◽

Building Detection ◽

Building Roof ◽

Aerial Photos ◽

The Road ◽

Urban Modelling ◽

Gwr Model

LiDAR has become important data sources in urban modelling. Traditional methods of LiDAR data processing for building detection require high spatial resolution data and sophisticated methods. The aerial photos, on the other hand, provide continuous spectral information of buildings. But the segmentation of the aerial photos cannot distinguish between the road surfaces and the building roof. This paper develops a geographically weighted regression (GWR)-based method to identify buildings. The method integrates characteristics derived from the sparse LiDAR data and from aerial photos. In the GWR model, LiDAR data provide the height information of spatial objects which is the dependent variable, while the brightness values from multiple bands of the aerial photo serve as the independent variables. The proposed method can thus estimate the height at each pixel from values of its surrounding pixels with consideration of the distances between the pixels and similarities between their brightness values. Clusters of contiguous pixels with higher estimated height values distinguish themselves from surrounding roads or other surfaces. A case study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. It is found that the accuracy of the proposed hybrid method is better than those by image classification of aerial photos along or by height extraction of LiDAR data alone. We argue that this simple and effective method can be very useful for automatic detection of buildings in urban areas.

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Calculation of Internal Debt on Road Network in the Vysočina Region

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201563041235 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 1235-1249

Author(s):

Martin Černý

Keyword(s):

Social Development ◽

Road Network ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Public Financing ◽

External Resources ◽

The Road ◽

Definition Of ◽

State Infrastructure ◽

Internal Debt

The aim of this paper is to present the issue of financing the extent and quality of the road network, which is a necessary prerequisite for economic and social development of the Vysočina Region. The paper gives a methodological approach to the calculation of internal debt of the road network in the Vysočina Region, made its own calculation in the alternatives, whereas those alternatives reflect financing by the region through its own resources, as well as an alternative, which includes financing and the involvement of external resources (loans, fund state infrastructure and European sources). The calculation determines the size of internal debt, and therefore the extent of the problem. The definition of internal debt we can express as an annual expenditures which has to follow to the road infrastructure to ensure the sustainable quality of road network. The paper describes a potential process ensuring the increase of efficiency of public financing for the road network. In the contribution there is designed a potencial solution which deal with dividing regional roads into main three categories and in one of the category to introduce the system of road management.

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