An Overview of Indicators and Indices Used for Urban Mobility Assessment

The urban mobility is affected by global trends resulting in a growing passenger and freight transport demand. In order to improve the understanding of urban mobility in general, to evaluate mobility services and to quantify the overall transport system performance, it is necessary to assess urban mobility. Urban mobility assessment requires the application of methodology integrating different metrics and explicitly applying a multi-dimensional approach. Since scientific community does not define urban mobility in an unambiguous way, part of this paper is devoted to the analysis of the definition of urban mobility. This step enables better understanding of urban mobility in general, as well as understanding of the urban mobility assessment process. Usually, a three-layered approach that includes urban mobility data, indicators and indices is used for the assessment. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to perform extensive research in order to synthesize, define and organize the elements of those layers. The existing urban mobility indicators and indices have been developed for specific urban areas, taking into account local specifications, and they are not applicable in other cities. Also, the choice of urban mobility indicators is mainly related to the existence of data sources, which limits the objective and comparable assessment of the mobility of cities where such data do not exist.

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Broadening Understanding on Managing the Communication Infrastructure in Vehicular Networks: Customizing the Coverage Using the Delta Network

Future Internet ◽

10.3390/fi11010001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Cristiano Silva ◽

Lucas Silva ◽

Leonardo Santos ◽

João Sarubbi ◽

Andreas Pitsillides

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Road Network ◽

Vehicular Networks ◽

Urban Environments ◽

Urban Mobility ◽

Circle Pattern ◽

The Road ◽

The Past ◽

Communication Devices ◽

Definition Of

Over the past few decades, the growth of the urban population has been remarkable. Nowadays, 50% of the population lives in urban areas, and forecasts point that by 2050 this number will reach 70%. Today, 64% of all travel made is within urban environments and the total amount of urban kilometers traveled is expected to triple by 2050. Thus, seeking novel solutions for urban mobility becomes paramount for 21st century society. In this work, we discuss the performance of vehicular networks. We consider the metric Delta Network. The Delta Network characterizes the connectivity of the vehicular network through the percentage of travel time in which vehicles are connected to roadside units. This article reviews the concept of the Delta Network and extends its study through the presentation of a general heuristic based on the definition of scores to identify the areas of the road network that should receive coverage. After defining the general heuristic, we show how small changes in the score computation can generate very distinct (and interesting) patterns of coverage, each one suited to a given scenario. In order to exemplify such behavior, we propose three deployment strategies based on simply changing the computation of scores. We compare the proposed strategies to the intuitive strategy of allocating communication units at the most popular zones of the road network. Experiments show that the strategies derived from the general heuristic provide higher coverage than the intuitive strategy when using the same number of communication devices. Moreover, the resulting pattern of coverage is very interesting, with roadside units deployed a circle pattern around the traffic epicenter.

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Broadening Understanding on Managing the Communication Infrastructure in Vehicular Networks: Customizing the Coverage Using the Delta Network

10.20944/preprints201811.0294.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Cristiano M. Silva ◽

Lucas D. Silva ◽

Leonardo A. L. Santos ◽

João F. M. Sarubbi ◽

Andreas Pitsillides

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Road Network ◽

Vehicular Networks ◽

Vehicular Network ◽

Urban Environments ◽

Urban Mobility ◽

Circle Pattern ◽

The Road ◽

The Past ◽

Definition Of

Over the past few decades, the growth of the urban population has been remarkable. Nowadays, 50% of the population lives in urban areas, and forecasts point that by 2050 this number will reach 70%. Today, 64% of all travel made is within urban environments and the total amount of urban kilometers traveled is expected to triple by 2050. Thus, seeking novel solutions for urban mobility becomes paramount for 21st century society. In this work, we discuss the performance of vehicular networks. We consider the metric Delta Network. The Delta Network characterizes the connectivity of the vehicular network through the percentage of travel time in which vehicles are connected to roadside units. This article reviews the concept of Delta Network and extends its study through the presentation of a general heuristic based on the definition of scores to identify the areas of the road network that should receive coverage. After defining the general heuristic, we show how small changes in the score computation can generate very distinct (and interesting) patterns of coverage, each one suited to a given scenario. In order to exemplify such behavior, we propose three deployment strategies based on simply changing the computation of scores. The results show that the strategies derived from the general heuristic are very interesting, all of them deploying roadside units in a circle pattern around the traffic epicenter.

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Data-Driven Methodology for Sustainable Urban Mobility Assessment and Improvement

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13137162 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 7162

Author(s):

Marko Šoštarić ◽

Krešimir Vidović ◽

Marijan Jakovljević ◽

Orsat Lale

Keyword(s):

Big Data ◽

Transport System ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Data Science ◽

System Analysis ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Telecommunication Network ◽

Urban Mobility ◽

Mobility Data ◽

Sustainable Urban Mobility

The transport system is sensitive to external influences generated by various economic, social and environmental changes. The society and the environment are changing extremely fast, resulting in the need for rapid adjustment of the transport system. Traffic system management, especially in urban areas, is a dynamic process, which is why transport planners are in need of a proven and validated methodology for fast and efficient transport data collection, fusion and analytics that will be used in sustainable urban mobility policy creation. The paper presents a development of a methodology in data rich reality that combines traditional and novel data science approach for transport system analysis and planning. The result is overall process consisting of 150 steps from first desktop research to final solution development. It enables urban mobility stakeholders to identify transport problems, analyze the urban mobility situation and to propose dedicated measures for sustainable urban mobility strengthening. The methodology is based on a big data research and analysis on anonymized big data sets originating from mobile telecommunication network, where the extraction of mobility data from the big dataset is the most innovative part of the proposed process. The extracted mobility data were validated through a “conventional” field research. The methodology was, for additional testing, applied in a pilot study, performed in the City of Rijeka in Croatia. It resulted in a set of alternative measures for modal shift from passenger cars to sustainable mobility modes, that were validated by the local public and urban mobility stakeholders.

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Global Trends of Latent Prostate Cancer in Autopsy Studies

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13020359 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 359

Author(s):

Takahiro Kimura ◽

Shun Sato ◽

Hiroyuki Takahashi ◽

Shin Egawa

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Racial Differences ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Tumor Location ◽

Cancer Registration ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Global Trends ◽

Psa Screening ◽

Asian Men ◽

Definition Of

The incidence of prostate cancer (PC) has been increasing in Asian countries, where it was previously low. Although the adoption of a Westernized lifestyle is a possible explanation, the incidence is statistically biased due to the increase in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening and the accuracy of national cancer registration systems. Studies on latent PC provide less biased information. This review included studies evaluating latent PC in several countries after excluding studies using random or single-section evaluations and those that did not mention section thickness. The findings showed that latent PC prevalence has been stable since 1950 in Western countries, but has increased over time in Asian countries. Latent PC in Asian men has increased in both prevalence and number of high-grade cases. Racial differences between Caucasian and Asian men may explain the tumor location of latent PC. In conclusion, the recent increase in latent PC in Asian men is consistent with an increase in clinical PC. Evidence suggests that this increase is caused not only by the increase in PSA screening, but also by the adoption of a more Westernized lifestyle. Autopsy findings suggest the need to reconsider the definition of clinically insignificant PC.

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Geophysical surveys integrated with rainfall data analysis for the study of soil piping phenomena occurred in a densely urbanized area in eastern Sicily

Natural Hazards ◽

10.1007/s11069-021-04784-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Graziano Patti ◽

Sabrina Grassi ◽

Gabriele Morreale ◽

Mauro Corrao ◽

Sebastiano Imposa

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Land Use Planning ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Rainfall Data ◽

Soil Subsidence ◽

Hydrogeological Characteristics ◽

Geophysical Surveys ◽

Soil Piping ◽

Definition Of ◽

Surface Collapse

AbstractThe occurrence of strong and abrupt rainfall, together with a wrong land use planning and an uncontrolled urban development, can constitute a risk for infrastructure and population. The water flow in the subsoil, under certain conditions, may cause underground cavities formation. This phenomena known as soil piping can evolve and generate the surface collapse. It is clear that such phenomena in densely urbanized areas represent an unpredictable and consistent risk factor, which can interfere with social activities. In this study a multidisciplinary approach aimed to obtain useful information for the mitigation of the risks associated with the occurrence of soil piping phenomena in urban areas has been developed. This approach is aimed at defining the causes of sudden soil subsidence events, as well as the definition of the extension and possible evolution of these instability areas. The information obtained from rainfall data analysis, together with a study of the morphological, geological and hydrogeological characteristics, have allowed us to evaluate the causes that have led to the formation of soil pipes. Furthermore, performance of 3D electrical resistivity surveys in the area affected by the instability have allowed us to estimate their extension in the subsoil and identifying the presence of further areas susceptible to instability.

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Review of Whole System Simulation Methodologies for Assessing Mobility as a Service (MaaS) as an Enabler for Sustainable Urban Mobility

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13105591 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 5591

Author(s):

Mark Muller ◽

Seri Park ◽

Ross Lee ◽

Brett Fusco ◽

Gonçalo Homem de Almeida Correia

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Mode Choice ◽

Urban Mobility ◽

City Region ◽

Sustainable Mobility ◽

Simulation Tools ◽

Future Assessment ◽

Transportation Simulation ◽

Sustainable Urban Mobility ◽

The Impact

Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is an emerging concept that is being advanced as an effective approach to improve the sustainability of mobility, especially in densely populated urban areas. MaaS can be defined as the integration of various transport modes into a single service, accessible on demand, via a seamless digital planning and payment application. Recent studies have shown the potential reduction in the size of automobile fleets, with corresponding predicted improvements in congestion and environmental impact, that might be realized by the advent of automated vehicles as part of future MaaS systems. However, the limiting assumptions made by these studies point to the difficult challenge of predicting how the complex interactions of user demographics and mode choice, vehicle automation, and governance models will impact sustainable mobility. The work documented in this paper focused on identifying available methodologies for assessing the sustainability impact of potential MaaS implementations from a whole system (STEEP—social, technical, economic, environmental, and political) perspective. In this research, a review was conducted of current simulation tools and models, relative to their ability to support transportation planners, to assess the MaaS concept, holistically, at a city level. The results presented include: a summary of the literature review, a weighted ranking of relevant transportation simulation tools per the assessment criteria, and identification of key gaps in the current state of the art. The gaps include capturing the interaction of demographic changes, mode choice, induced demand, and land use in a single framework that can rapidly explore the impact of alternative MaaS scenarios, on sustainable mobility, for a given city region. These gaps will guide future assessment methodologies for urban mobility systems, and ultimately assist informed decision-making.

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Comparison of Human Health and Safety Loss due to Corroded Gas Pipeline Failure in Rural and Urban Areas: A Case Study in Malaysia

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.227.221 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 227 ◽

pp. 221-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Norhamimi Mohd Hanafiah ◽

Libriati Zardasti ◽

Yahaya Nordin ◽

Norhazilan Md Noor ◽

Ahmad A. Safuan

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Human Health ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Health And Safety ◽

Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽

Assessment Process ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Consequence Assessment ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Pipeline Failure

Consequence assessment is an integral part of the risk assessment process. There are many types of consequences loss due to pipeline failure such as asset loss, environmental loss, production loss, and human health and safety loss (HHSL). This paper studies the comparison of HHSL between rural and urban areas due to pipeline failure subject to corrosion. The damage area of the explosion was calculated using Aloha software by considering the details of the selected sites such as atmospheric and topographical conditions. The HHSL was calculated using a mathematical equation of quantitative risk assessment in terms of the number of fatalities or injuries or both. The results of the assessments from rural and urban areas were then compared with one another to identify any significant dissimilarity. This study shows that there was a possibility to improve the decisive value of risk by implementing the proposed approach in consequence assessment in Malaysia.

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Tra ruralizzazione ed urbanizzazione: progetti integrati cittŕ-campagna

TERRITORIO ◽

10.3280/tr2009-049025 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 171-177

Author(s):

Alessandra Giannini

Keyword(s):

Urban Agriculture ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Rural Life ◽

Rural Living ◽

Marginal Areas ◽

Country Life ◽

The Subject ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Relationship

- Country life is (and has been) the object of utopian visions, set against the rise of urban living. The paradigms of the myth of rural life can be traced back to Howard's Garden City and to Frank Lloyd Wright's Broadacre City. These examples of the paradigm blend into a broader and trans-disciplinary contemporary discourse on the myth of rural living. Since the end of the 1990s, the subject of the relationship between the rural and the urban has developed into plans that could be called ‘country utopias'. The system of agricultural production and the countryside is evolving today towards new forms of integration and hybridisation with urban areas. Planning practices are emerging today in the definition of the characters and traits of urban agriculture designed to create town and country interaction particularly in marginal areas, strips located on the borders between town and country. These modifications are leading to the definition of new rural figures, together with plans capable of giving new life to liminal and marginal areas between town and country by creating new models of ‘rururban' living.

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Systema Temporis: A Time-Based Dimensional Framework for Consciousness and Cognition

10.31234/osf.io/bk7av ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Lachlan Kent ◽

George Van Doorn ◽

Britt Klein

Keyword(s):

Time Perception ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Dimensional Approach ◽

Short Term ◽

Hierarchical Framework ◽

Time Consciousness ◽

Emotion And Memory ◽

Definition Of

This study uses a combined categorical-dimensional approach to depict a hierarchical framework for consciousness similar to, and contiguous with, factorial models of cognition (cf., intelligence). On the basis of the longstanding definition of time consciousness, the analysis employs a dimension of temporal extension, in the same manner that psychology has temporally organised memory (i.e., short-term, long-term, and long-lasting memories). By defining temporal extension in terms of the structure of time perception at short timescales (< 100 s), memory and time consciousness are proposed to fit along the same logarithmic dimension. This suggests that different forms of time consciousness (e.g., experience, wakefulness, and self-consciousness) are embedded within, or supported by, the ascending timescales of different modes of memory (i.e., short-term, long-term, etc.). A secondary dimension is also proposed to integrate higher-order forms of consciousness/emotion and memory/cognition. The resulting two-dimensional structure accords with existing theories of cognitive and emotional intelligence.

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Recommendations for Reporting Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Measurements

10.26434/chemrxiv.7072070.v3 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Valerie Gabelica ◽

Alexandre A. Shvartsburg ◽

Carlos Afonso ◽

Perdita E. Barran ◽

Justin L. P. Benesch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Cross Section ◽

Ion Mobility ◽

Collision Cross Section ◽

Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Temperature ◽

Mobility Data ◽

Community Effort ◽

Primary Standards ◽

Definition Of

Here we present a guide on ion mobility mass spectrometry experiments, which covers both linear and nonlinear methods: what is measured, how the measurements are done, and how to report the results, including the uncertainties on mobility and collision cross section values. The guide aims to clarify some possibly confusing concepts, and the reporting recommendations should help researchers, authors and reviewers to contribute comprehensive reports, so that the ion mobility data can be reused more confidently. Starting from the concept of the definition of the measurand, we emphasize that (i) mobility values (K0) depend intrinsically on ion structure, the nature of the bath gas, temperature, and E/N, (ii) ion mobility does not measure surfaces directly, but collision cross section (CCS) values are derived from mobility values using a physical model, (iii) methods relying on calibration are empirical (and thus may provide method-dependent results) only if the gas nature, temperature or E/N cannot match those of the primary method. Our analysis highlights the urgency of a community effort towards establishing primary standards and reference materials for ion mobility, and provides recommendations to do so. <br><br><br>

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