scholarly journals The Footprint of Wildfires on Mediterranean Forest Ecosystem Services in Vesuvius National Park

Fire ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Roberto Silvestro ◽  
Luigi Saulino ◽  
Carla Cavallo ◽  
Emilia Allevato ◽  
Stefania Pindozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Mediterranean Forest ◽  
Mediterranean Forests ◽  
Regulation Services ◽  
The Mediterranean

Wildfires are one of the most important natural disturbances in vegetation biomes. In recent decades, both the number and severity of fires have significantly increased in Mediterranean forests, frequently resulting in catastrophic events. In this scenario, we aimed to explore the flow of ecosystem services and their related economic value that was disrupted by human-induced megafires in the Mediterranean forest of Vesuvius National Park in the summer of 2017. We adopted an innovative approach by merging two methodologies: an ecological approach to evaluate the status of the forest ecosystem after the wildfires and an economics methodology to estimate the monetary value of the interruption to ecosystem services. Losses related to the following six services were estimated: woody biomass, soil erosion control, habitat maintenance, pollination, carbon stock, and ecotourism. In 2017, 3350 ha of forest (88% of the total forested area of Vesuvius National Park) burnt over a period of 49 days. The total estimated monetary loss amounted to €14.363 M, 56.9% of which comprised of provisioning ecosystem services, while 34.7% encompassed maintenance and regulation services, and 8.5% were so-called cultural services. Suppression costs accounted for 16% of the total estimated economic loss of ecosystem services. Our results provide useful insights for decision-makers when allocating financial resources, suggesting that they should invest in fire prevention rather than fire suppression and post-fire restoration. This explicit valuation of the footprint of the wildfires, although not exhaustive, can also lead to greater awareness among the public regarding the benefits conferred by Mediterranean forest ecosystems. This is the first study to economically evaluate the interruption of ecosystem services after megafires in the Mediterranean basin.

The valuation of ecosystem services of the Khangain nuruu national park

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Ganzorig G ◽  
Enkh-Amgalan G ◽  
Аmartuvshin O ◽  
Densmaa Sh ◽  
Gantulga Ts
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
National Park ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
Livestock Husbandry

The state protected areas (PAs) lack with financial resource, which weakens the PA management including lack of human resource and their skill development, transparent cooperations, and of equipments and vehicles for ecosystem conservation and rehabilitation activities of the PAs. Thus, research on analysing the economic value of the PAs is vital important for the decision makers and policy planners, because they have lack of understanding of benefits of investing to the PAs. In 2013, United Nations Development Programme published a book that reflects the approach of “Targeted Scenario Analysis”, which is used in our study. The Khangain Nuruu National Park (KNPA) locates in 11 soums of three provinces, namely Arkhangai, Bayankhongor and Uvurkhangai, and we analyzed economic value of the KNPA for six economic sectors (livestock husbandry, crop farming, forestry, tourism, mining and industry), and two non-economic but consumption based sectors (carbon sequestration from larch trees, and drinkable water). The economic value or the contribution to the economy of Mongolia from KNPA was about MNT 165.4 billion in 2014, and it summed up to MNT 1 trillion between 2002 and 2014. Livestock husbandry, mining and tourism sectors benefitted about two third of this value. In case of “Business As Usual-BAU” scenario takes, continuesly, in place the total economic loss would reach to MNT 1.4 trillion between 2015 and 2040, compared to “Investing in Natural Capital-INC” scenario. Hence, implementing INC in the KNPA management would save this loss. We recommend to increase the financial resources for the KNPA management, therefore the economic sectors will not diminish due to lack of ecosystem services of the PA, which would then develop the sectors in the long run sustainably.

scholarly journals Are quartzite scree slopes used by birds to promote sound transmission in the Mediterranean forest?

2021 ◽  
pp. 175-194
Author(s):  
J. Pérez–González ◽  
G. Rey Gozalo ◽  
D. Montes González ◽  
S. J. Hidalgo de Trucios ◽  
J. M. Barrigón Morillas
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Sound Transmission ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Mediterranean Forest ◽  
Mediterranean Forests ◽  
Habitat Features ◽  
Natural Element ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Western Spain ◽  
New Evidence

Birds generate vocalisations (songs and calls) to communicate. Acoustic communication may be hindered by habitat features so birds can use several strategies to favour sound transmission. Sound transmission depends on the acoustic properties of their habitats. Scree slopes, also known as ‘pedrizas’, are frequent in the Mediterranean forests of south and central western Spain. As the acoustic properties of these rocky grounds might favour sound transmission, we propose that birds might actively use ‘pedrizas’ to increase sound transmission. We assessed the following prediction of the hypothesis: the number of vocalisations recorded should be higher near the ‘pedrizas’ than in forest areas far away from ‘pedrizas’. Using portable recorders in the Mediterranean forest of Monfragüe National Park, we found that the number of recorded vocalisations was higher near the ‘pedrizas’. As this result was not due to differences in species richness, we consider it supports the prediction of the hypothesis. This is new evidence that birds might use a natural element within their habitat to increase sound transmission.

scholarly journals The Value of Recreational Ecosystem Services in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Muniyandi Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
National Park ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Forest Ecosystem Services ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mental Well Being

Forest ecosystem services have played a vital role in human well-being. Particularly, recreational ecosystem services are creating physical and mental well-being for human beings. Therefore, the main objective of the paper is to estimate the economic value of recreational ecosystem services provides by recreational sites such as Nandi Hills and Nagarhole National Park based on the individual travel cost method in Karnataka, India. This study has used a random sampling method for 300 tourist visitors to recreational sites. The present study has also estimated the consumer surplus of the visitors. The results of the study have found that (i) economic value of two creational sites has been estimated at US $323.05 million, (ii) the consumer surplus has been estimated for Nandi Hills at US $7.45 and Nagarhole National Park at US $3.16. The main implication of the study is to design the entry fees for the recreational site and sustainable utilization of recreational ecosystem services for the present and future generations.

scholarly journals Total Economic Value of Natural Capital - A Case Study of Piatra Craiului National Park

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan POPA ◽  
Claudiu COMAN ◽  
Stelian A. BORZ ◽  
Dan M. NITA ◽  
Codrin CODREANU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Total Economic Value

In the last two decades different methodologies for assessing the economic implications of protected areas have been developed within the framework of "Total Economic Value", taking into account not only goods and services that have a price and a market but also those not priced or marketed. The present paper, by using a number of recognized methodologies applied by environmental economists around the world, estimates the economic value of ecosystem services of Piatra Craiului National Park, in one of the first attempts to frame ecosystem services valuation in Romania. The approach and results include a benefit distribution analysis, for both the economic sectors and the groups of beneficiaries. Even if the data are not comprehensive and depend on several assumptions, the paper provides very important practical and policy-relevant information on the economic value of Piatra Craiului National Park, in an attempt to stimulate increasing of the budgetary allocation and economic policy priority for protected areas in Romania.

scholarly journals The total economic value of forest ecosystem services in the tropical forests of Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-503
Author(s):  
K.M. Nitanan ◽  
A. Shuib ◽  
R. Sridar ◽  
V. Kunjuraman ◽  
S. Zaiton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Forest Ecosystem Services ◽  
Use Values ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
Total Economic Value

Direct and indirect use of values and non-use values from forest ecosystem services perform an invaluable set of functions that cater to the needs of both living and non-living things. The values include market services obtained from timber and non-timber forest products, and non-market services (recreation, watershed protection and conservation value) were identified as components of the Total Economic Value (TEV). However, it is difficult to assign a monetary value to all goods and services provided by the forest. Failure to conserve the national park will result in the degradation of the forest and a reduction in the contribution of the forest ecosystem services to the community. Based on the result of this study, the TEV value of forest ecosystem services was estimated at RM 13 billion, and the estimation provides policy-relevant information for forest management and conservation purposes in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Integrating Economic Value of Environmental Services and Carbon Stock: A Case Study from Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park

2021 ◽  
Vol 940 (1) ◽  
pp. 012065
Author(s):  
N S Lestari ◽  
G K Sari ◽  
Kusmayanti ◽  
W V Ponekke ◽  
F Saputra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
National Park ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Market Approach

Abstract As a conservation area, national parks play essential roles in environmental services provision and have the potential to support the REDD+ program. This study aims to estimate appropriate incentives for national parks based on carbon units by integrating the economic value of environmental services and carbon stock provided by the lowland dry forest ecosystem in Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park (BNWNP) consisted of North Sulawesi and Gorontalo areas. Carbon stock was estimated by establishing sample plots, including five carbon pools. While the economic valuation of environmental services includes biodiversity using the market approach, ecotourism using the zonal travel cost method, and water service using simulation water regulation services method and market approach. The total ecosystem carbon stock in BNWNP is estimated at 73.67 Mton. Meanwhile, the estimation of the economic value of environmental services is about IDR 70.57 trillion. Based on these results, the appropriate carbon values are IDR 683,308 and IDR 1,304,238 per ton carbon for the lowland dry forest ecosystem in Gorontalo and North Sulawesi areas. This result indicates that given its essential environmental services, the incentive for protecting national parks may exceed the carbon value used in result-based payment scheme in REDD+ initiatives that have been implemented.

scholarly journals Preference by Donkeys and Goats among Five Mediterranean Forest Species: Implications for Reducing Fire Hazard

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1302
Author(s):  
Jordi Bartolomé ◽  
Jordi Miró ◽  
Xavier Panadès ◽  
Maria José Broncano ◽  
Josefina Plaixats ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Mediterranean Forest ◽  
Mediterranean Forests ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Rubus Ulmifolius ◽  
Key Species ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Cafeteria Test

During the second half of the 20th century, European countries experienced an increase in their forest area due to the global change. Consequently, there has been an increase in large forest fires, mainly in the Mediterranean basin, and this has forced the development of several types of prevention programs. One of them is the control of the understory by livestock. In this sense, browsing with a combination of donkeys and goats could be a good option, as both animals usually feed on forest species. However, little is known about their preferences for the key species of the Mediterranean forest. Using a cafeteria test, the preferences and consumption of both animals have been determined for five typical species of the Mediterranean forest, such as Quercus ilex, Pinus halepensis, Phillyrea latifolia, Rubus ulmifolius, and Brachypodium retusum. Results showed that donkeys and goats could act complementarily in the reduction of the fuel biomass of forests. Donkeys appear to act more on fine fuel, such as B. retusum, and goats on the more pyrophyte species, in this case P. halepensis. In addition, given that donkeys are at severe risk of extinction in Europe, this role of providing ecosystem services could contribute to their conservation. Despite this study only showing that goats and donkeys would consume all five presented plant species and that there are some differences in consumption during a short-term test, it constitutes a useful first step for conservation and fire prevention in the Mediterranean forests.

scholarly journals VALORACIÓN ECONÓMICA DEL PARQUE NACIONAL NATURAL CORALES DE PROFUNDIDAD

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Higinio Maldonado ◽  
Rafael Cuervo Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
National Park ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Biological Knowledge ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
Use Values ◽  
Deep Sea Corals

Deep-sea corals, also called cold-water corals, provide a variety of ecosystem services, including habitat for numerous species and being a source of biodiversity. Despite their importance, these ecosystems are under threat because of trawling and exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons. According to the gap analysis conducted by the Institute of Marine and Coastal Research of Colombia (Invemar), during the first decade of the XXI century in Colombia, less than 2% of the known deep coral coverage was found under some category of conservation inside the System of National Natural Parks. In 2013, the Corales de Profundidad National Natural Park was established, and it is located in the Colombian Caribbean Sea, next to the departments of Córdoba, Sucre and Bolivar, close to the Corales del Rosario and San Bernardo National Natural Park. The biological knowledge of these ecosystems is new, as well as the importance of these ecosystems expressed in economic and social terms. Carrying out an exercise that captures the economic value of ecosystem services provided by deep-sea corals in the new national park becomes relevant. The objective of this study is to make a first approach to estimate this value. Given the difficulty of accessing these ecosystems, the benefits provided by them are not directly tangible and are not revealed through markets. In fact, the provided services are related to benefits not associated with direct use (non-use values, such as option and existence values, and indirect use values). Stated preference methods are used to estimate the economic value associated with this type of services; with these methods the strategy is to create a hypothetical scenario and ask respondents to reveal their willingness to pay for the feasibility of these conservation scenarios. The contingent valuation method is the chosen one, whose main instrument for information collection is household surveys. The average estimated willingness to pay per household is around US$58 (110000 COP using the average exchange rate for the third quarter of 2014, when data was collected, COP/USD: 1878) per year. Based on these results, it is possible to calculate the willingness to pay for the entire population of the study, Bogotá citizens. This value is around US$95 million annually (178 billion COP per year). When this value is compared with the budget assigned to this national park, the latter represents less than 1% of the economic value associated with the flow of benefits generated by the park. The lack of resources assigned to this area becomes evident as well as the need to identify and implement alternative funding sources to ensure financial sustainability of the park

scholarly journals Nilai Jasa Fauna sebagai Komponen Ekosistem di Taman Nasional Baluran

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joko Mulyo Ichtiarso
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
National Park ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Know How ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Total Economic Value ◽  
Ecosystem Component

The benefit of ecosystem services are the completeness of the outputs resulting from biological, physical, chemical, and socio-cultural processes in the forest that are useful for human life and environment. The object of research is to know how much the economic value of fauna in ecosystem services which has been utilized by the community buffer village and the dependence on Baluran National Park (BNP). Method of research by quantitative and qualitative analysis. Data collected are typological conditions of BNP community buffer village, human resources who used the services of BNP ecosystem services, identity of community who used ecosystem services, types of ecosystem services used by community, harvest season, location of ecosystem services, community income that uses ecosystem and dependence on BNP ecosystem services. The result of research are economic value of the services of fauna that ecosystem components of BNP that have been used by buffer community village and dependence on BNP have form of forest honey (Rp. 1,073,332,000), kroto (Rp. 784,665,000), and snails (Rp. 648,080). Total economic value of fauna that ecosystem component of BNP is Rp. 2,506,077,000,- per year

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