scholarly journals Detection Range of Acoustic Receivers in a Large Hydropower Reservoir

Fishes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Amanda Babin ◽  
Lauren Fitzpatrick ◽  
Tommi Linnansaari ◽  
R. Allen Curry
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
High Power ◽  
Acoustic Telemetry ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Reliable Detection ◽  
Range Testing ◽  
Hydropower Reservoir

Acoustic telemetry manufacturers report estimated detection ranges under idealized conditions, but environmental conditions such as water depth, substrate type, and turbulence can affect the range of reliable detection. Range testing of low (Vemco V7 136 dB re 1µPa@1m) and high power (V13 147 dB re 1µPa@1m) acoustic transmitters (tags) was performed near a hydropower generating station and its associated reservoir using both active (mobile; VR100) and passive (stationary; VR2W/VR2Tx) receivers. Low power tags are typically used to track small fish such as juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), whereas high power tags are typically used to track larger fish such as adult salmon. The results found herein were applied to concurrent salmon telemetry studies. Detection ranges of the low power tags were within 246–351 ± 20–70 m (mean ± SE), and the high power tags were within 537–1106 ± 53–272 m. Observed detection ranges were comparable or higher to manufacturer estimates for both tag types being detected by passive receivers, and were lower than expected for both tag types being detected by active receivers. Passive receivers were further tested by mooring a fixed sentinel tag (low power) on a receiver line at the hydropower site for 50 days. The sentinel tag detection range of 212 m was less than the expected range of 280–292 m, and was not found to be significantly impacted by wind speed. There was evidence of a hydropower effect on detection probability (up to 95% reduction) of both tag types for the active receiver, and detection ranges were significantly lower at the hydropower site than the reservoir site for the high power tag. The results of this study give insight to the initial design of acoustic telemetry studies beyond what can be gathered from manufacturer’s estimates, but rather near hydropower facilities and within large reservoirs; however, detection ranges reported herein do not replace the importance of range testing in site-specific conditions.

A review of detection range testing in aquatic passive acoustic telemetry studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Kessel ◽  
S. J. Cooke ◽  
M. R. Heupel ◽  
N. E. Hussey ◽  
C. A. Simpfendorfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Telemetry ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Range Testing ◽  
Passive Acoustic

scholarly journals Detection range and efficiency of acoustic telemetry receivers in a connected wetland system

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 848 (8) ◽  
pp. 1825-1836
Author(s):  
Emily R. Winter ◽  
Andrew M. Hindes ◽  
Steve Lane ◽  
J. Robert Britton
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Acoustic Telemetry ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Acoustic Noise ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Receiver Performance ◽  
Range Testing

AbstractAcoustic telemetry is an important tool for assessing the behavioural ecology of aquatic animals, but the performance of receivers can vary spatially and temporally according to changes in environmental gradients. Studies testing detection efficiency and/ or detection range are, therefore, important for data interpretation, although the most thorough range-testing approaches are often costly or impractical, such as the use of fixed sentinel tags. Here, stationary tag data (from study animals that had either died or expelled their tags) provided a substitute for the long-term monitoring of receiver performance in a wetland environment and was complemented by periodic boat-based range testing, with testing of the effects of environmental variables (water temperature, conductivity, transparency, precipitation, wind speed, acoustic noise) on detection efficiency (DE) and detection range (DR). Stationary tag DE was highly variable temporally, the most influential factors being water temperature and precipitation. Transparency was a strong predictor of DR and was dependent on chlorophyll concentration (a surrogate measure of algal density). These results highlight the value of stationary tag data in assessments of acoustic receiver performance. The high seasonal variability in DE and DR emphasises the need for long-term receiver monitoring to enable robust conclusions to be drawn from telemetry data.

Less Power, Greater Conflict

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra C. Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
High Power ◽  
Goal Pursuit ◽  
Goal Conflict ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
Multiple Goals ◽  
Objective Performance ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Way

Abstract. Power facilitates goal pursuit, but how does power affect the way people respond to conflict between their multiple goals? Our results showed that higher trait power was associated with reduced experience of conflict in scenarios describing multiple goals (Study 1) and between personal goals (Study 2). Moreover, manipulated low power increased individuals’ experience of goal conflict relative to high power and a control condition (Studies 3 and 4), with the consequence that they planned to invest less into the pursuit of their goals in the future. With its focus on multiple goals and individuals’ experiences during goal pursuit rather than objective performance, the present research uses new angles to examine power effects on goal pursuit.

AlInAs/GaInAs on InP HEMTs for low power supply voltage operation of high power-added efficiency microwave amplifiers

1993 ◽  
Vol 29 (15) ◽  
pp. 1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.E. Larson ◽  
M.M. Matloubian ◽  
J.J. Brown ◽  
A.S. Brown ◽  
M. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
High Power ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Power Supply Voltage ◽  
Power Added Efficiency ◽  
Microwave Amplifiers

Effect of Power on Moral Judgment

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-394
Author(s):  
Russell Hamby
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
High Power ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Need For Power ◽  
Experimenter Effects

Ambiguous effects of power on attributions of moral responsibility for an accident are interpreted to result from the intervening effects of need for power, which is aroused by the anticipation of exercising power over another. 160 subjects from introductory social psychology classes participated in a questionnaire-type experiment comparing effects of high/low carelessness, severe/minor consequences, and high/low power of the attributor in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. In a follow-up experiment 30 subjects were assigned to conditions of high or low power, and their needs for power and moral attributions were measured. High power seemed to arouse need for power, which was curvilinearly related to moral judgments. Those high and low in need for power attributed more moral responsibility to the perpetrator of an accident than those with moderate levels of need for power. The results suggest complicated models of both moral judgments and experimenter effects related to the level or arousal of motivations.

Feeling Guilty and Flattering God: The Mediating Role of Prayer

2021 ◽  
pp. 009164712199242
Author(s):  
Beata Zarzycka ◽  
Kamil Tomaka ◽  
Katarzyna Zając ◽  
Klaudia Marek
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
High Power ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Shame Proneness ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Significant Mediator

Ingratiation refers to acts of flattery, typically given by a low-power person to a high-power one, performed to gain acceptance and approval. This study investigates ingratiation in the religious setting, asking whether people feeling high levels of guilt or shame tend to manifest such ingratiating behavior toward God. The study aimed to examine the mediating role of prayer in the relationship between guilt and shame and ingratiation toward God. A total of 148 respondents (80 women and 68 men) participated in the study. The Religious Ingratiation Scale, the Content of Prayer Scale, and the Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale were applied to the research. The results showed that feeling guilty increased the tendency to ingratiation toward God. Prayer was the significant mediator in this relationship. People high in guilt tend to flatter God by offering more adoration and fewer repine prayers.

Effects of Unequal Power on Cooperation in Conflict

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Tjosvold ◽  
Morris Okun
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
High Power ◽  
The Other

Participants were randomly assigned to be high or low power and interacted with another who consistently cooperated, or consistently competed, or alternatively cooperated and competed. Results indicate that low power participants acted more cooperatively, were more attracted to, and wanted to facilitate the other's outcomes to the extent the other had cooperated; the cooperativeness of the high power participants was unaffected by the low power person's actions.

Powerlessness corrupts? Disproportionate monitoring of low-power actors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen Overbeck ◽  
Leigh Tost ◽  
Abbie Wazlawek
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Agency Theory ◽  
High Power ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Institutional Level ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Psychological Predictor ◽  
Theory Research

Monitoring is a common tactic used to constrain the behavior of organizational actors. Agency theory research on monitoring focuses at the institutional level on factors such as incentives, contracts, or self-interest, largely directed at those with high power. At the same time, significant monitoring is clearly directed at low-power workers, whose performance and compliance behaviors may be rigidly controlled; arguably, the degree to which monitoring is directed at low-power more than at high-power actors is disproportionate. In this paper, we examine a psychological predictor of decisions about whom to monitor: Specifically, we contend that people’s judgments of someone’s ethicality and thereby trustworthiness are predicted by the target’s power; and these inferences on the basis of power affect decisions about whom to monitor. As a consequence, institutions may excuse powerful actors from the monitoring requirements that should constrain any ethical lapses. That is, an overly credulous view of the powerful or misdirected suspicion toward the powerless may create conditions that enable abuses by the powerful. We examine these predictions in a series of 5 studies (3 experiments and 2 field studies). Our findings challenge the notion that people subscribe to a “power corrupts” view in evaluating powerholders, and our research highlights how the very mechanism organizations put in place to constrain powerholders’ behaviors (i.e., monitoring) may, because of psychological biases in power-based inferences, be directed away from the intended targets.

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